ประสบการณ์การสร้างสื่อการสอนสำหรับครูในพื้นที่ห่างไกล: การตรวจสอบคุณภาพแม่น้ำและน้ำ โดยใช้เทคโนโลยีโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่

Experiences of Creating Teaching Media for Teachers in Remote Areas: Examining River and Water Quality Utilizing Mobile Technologies Duongdearn Suwanjinda, Pikulkaew Tangtisanon, Richard Procter, Luke Jones, Alireza Abbassi Monjezi, Florence Halstead and Ray Kirtleyรับบทความ: 3 พฤษภาคม 2561; แก้ไขบทความ: 15 ตุลาคม 2561; ยอมรับตีพิมพ์: 31 ตุลาคม 2561 DOI: http://doi.org/10.14456/jstel.2018.25 บทคัดย่อบทความนี้กล่าวถึงรายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับผลลัพธ์ของโครงการอบรมเชิงปฏิบัติการที่ได้รับการสนับสนุนหลักจากทุนนิวตัน (Newton fund) บริติช เคานซิล อันเป็นความร่วมมือระหว่าง The University of Hull ประเทศอังกฤษ และมหาวิทยาลัยสุโขทัยธรรมาธิราช ซึ่งเปิดโอกาสให้นักวิจัยรุ่นใหม่จากประเทศอังกฤษและนานาชาติได้มีปฏิสัมพันธ์กัน เรียนรู้ร่วมกันและแสวงหาโอกาสในการสร้างความร่วมมือในการทำงานวิจัยต่อไป โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เฉพาะของการอบรมเชิงปฏิบัติการเพื่อต้องการให้ใช้เทคโนโลยีโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ในการทำการทดลองภาคสนามในหัวข้อต่าง ๆ เช่น การอนุรักษ์ทรัพยากร ธรรมชาติ การส่งเสริมการท่องเที่ยวในพื้นที่ทางภาคเหนือ และนำผลการทดลองมาประยุกต์ใช้เพื่อสร้างสื่อการเรียนการสอน บทความนี้พิจารณาประสบการณ์ของนักวิจัยรุ่นใหม่ในการใช้เทคโนโลยีโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่เข้ามามีส่วนช่วยในการทำการทดลองภาคสนามและสร้างสรรค์สื่อการสอนเกี่ยวกับการอนุรักษ์แม่น้ำแม่กก การทดลองเชิงปฏิบัติการนี้ได้ใช้เทคโนโลยีโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ในการสร้างสื่อดิจิตัล ได้แก่ 1) การสร้างสื่อภาพเคลื่อนไหว 2) การสำรวจสัตว์ไม่มีกระดูกสันหลังหน้าดิน ดัชนีวัดคุณภาพน้ำ 3) การวัดการระบายน้ำ 4) การสำรวจขนาดก้อนหินท้องน้ำ และ 5) การสร้างวิดีโอ การทดลองอย่างง่ายและขั้นตอนการทดลองที่สามารถเข้าถึงได้ถูกสร้างขึ้นเพื่อให้ครูผู้สอนในพื้นที่ห่างไกลได้นำไปใช้ ผลการทดลองและสื่อการสอนได้ถูกเผยแพร่บนเว็บไซต์ซึ่งสามารถนำไปใช้เป็นต้นแบบเพื่อทดลองในแหล่งน้ำอื่น ๆ ต่อไป คำสำคัญ: เทคโนโลยีโทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่  สื่อการสอน  พื้นที่ห่างไกล  คุณภาพน้ำ  แม่น้ำ   Abstract This article details the outcomes of a workshop offered by the Newton Fund and the British Council. The workshop was coordinated by The University of Hull, UK, and Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand. The programme, ‘Researcher Links’ provided an opportunity for early career researchers from the UK and a range of international countries, to interact, learn from each other, and explore opportunities for building long-lasting research collaborations. A specific objective of the workshop was to exploit the affordances of mobile technologies in the field in relation to topics such as natural resources conservation, tourism promotion, and application of the field test results for creating teaching media. This paper will consider the workshop experiences of several early career researchers, including how they utilized mobile technologies to create field tests and accompanying teaching media assets for Maekok river conservation. This field study used mobile technologies to create several digital assets including; 1) animation media creation, 2) benthic macroinvertebrate (biotic index) exploration, 3) watercourse discharge measurement, 4) watercourse bedload measurement, and 5) video creation. Simple experiment tests and accessible instructions were created for teachers in remote area to employ.  The experimental results and teaching media assets were published on a website which could be used as an experimental model for further study in other rivers. Keywords: Mobile technologies, Teaching media, Remote area, Water quality, Rive

Development of a comprehensive transient model of energy capture and storage in solar ponds for use in thermal regeneration of draw solutes in forward osmosis.

Salinity gradient solar ponds can be used to store heat by trapping solar radiation. The heat can then be employed to drive various industrial applications that require low-grade heat. In this study, a comprehensive finite difference transient model has been developed incorporating many processes that affect the performance of a solar pond to predict the hourly temperature distribution. A novel heat extraction method for salinity gradient solar ponds is then proposed. This method can be operated in batch or continuous modes. A comparison between the performance of two solar ponds of the same size (10,000 m2) in Adana (Turkey) and Ahvaz (Iran) is also presented. The heat extraction method entails brine removal from the Non-Convective Zone (NCZ) as well as the HSZ. The presented model incorporates the heat losses from the bottom and surface of the pond as well as the cooling effect imposed as a consequence of the replacement of extracted brine from each layer, and the supply of freshwater to the surface of the pond to maintain its inventory. The model can be employed to predict the performance of solar ponds of various dimensions for any given location. In the final part of this study, utilisation of solar thermal energy from salinity gradient solar ponds in forward osmosis (FO) is investigated. This study will present two novel processes for the regeneration of dimethyl ether (DME) and ammonium bicarbonate as a draw solutes in FO using thermal energy provided from a solar pond. The average daily volume of desalinated water produced using these processes and a solar pond of 10,000 m2 was determined. It is indicated that, a solar pond of such moderate size can drive a forward osmosis plant to provide a total of 5,210 m3 of potable water in the first two years of operation in the location considered in this study (Chabahar) if DME is used as the draw solute. The proposed process can provide freshwater at varying rates throughout the year and benefits from a very low electricity consumption rate of 0.46 kWh per cubic metre of desalinated water presenting a viable option for solar desalination. In case of ammonium bicarbonate, the product water contains small quantities of ammonia ions making it unsuitable for drinking purposes. Given that there are vast uninhabited coastal areas in many countries, particularly in the MENA region where there are high solar radiation rates, this method can contribute towards addressing the growing water scarcity

Development of a comprehensive transient model of energy capture and storage in solar ponds for use in thermal regeneration of draw solutes in forward osmosis.

Salinity gradient solar ponds can be used to store heat by trapping solar radiation. The heat can then be employed to drive various industrial applications that require low-grade heat. In this study, a comprehensive finite difference transient model has been developed incorporating many processes that affect the performance of a solar pond to predict the hourly temperature distribution. A novel heat extraction method for salinity gradient solar ponds is then proposed. This method can be operated in batch or continuous modes. A comparison between the performance of two solar ponds of the same size (10,000 m2) in Adana (Turkey) and Ahvaz (Iran) is also presented. The heat extraction method entails brine removal from the Non-Convective Zone (NCZ) as well as the HSZ. The presented model incorporates the heat losses from the bottom and surface of the pond as well as the cooling effect imposed as a consequence of the replacement of extracted brine from each layer, and the supply of freshwater to the surface of the pond to maintain its inventory. The model can be employed to predict the performance of solar ponds of various dimensions for any given location. In the final part of this study, utilisation of solar thermal energy from salinity gradient solar ponds in forward osmosis (FO) is investigated. This study will present two novel processes for the regeneration of dimethyl ether (DME) and ammonium bicarbonate as a draw solutes in FO using thermal energy provided from a solar pond. The average daily volume of desalinated water produced using these processes and a solar pond of 10,000 m2 was determined. It is indicated that, a solar pond of such moderate size can drive a forward osmosis plant to provide a total of 5,210 m3 of potable water in the first two years of operation in the location considered in this study (Chabahar) if DME is used as the draw solute. The proposed process can provide freshwater at varying rates throughout the year and benefits from a very low electricity consumption rate of 0.46 kWh per cubic metre of desalinated water presenting a viable option for solar desalination. In case of ammonium bicarbonate, the product water contains small quantities of ammonia ions making it unsuitable for drinking purposes. Given that there are vast uninhabited coastal areas in many countries, particularly in the MENA region where there are high solar radiation rates, this method can contribute towards addressing the growing water scarcity

A comprehensive transient model for the prediction of the temperature distribution in a solar pond under Mediterranean conditions

Salinity gradient solar ponds can be used to store heat by trapping solar radiation. The heat can then be employed to drive various industrial applications that require low-grade heat. In this study, a comprehensive finite difference transient model has been developed incorporating many processes that affect the performance of a solar pond to predict the hourly temperature distribution. The model includes novel approaches to simulation of both the Heat Storage Zone (HSZ) and the Upper Convective Zone (UCZ) where in addition to convective, evaporative and radiative heat losses, the cooling effect of adding freshwater to the surface of the pond is taken into account. The HSZ is treated as one layer, with uniform temperature, in the finite difference method. A solar pond of 100 m2 surface area is simulated for southern Turkey. The results indicate that, if the operation starts on the first day of June, the HSZ would take 65 days to reach the boiling point while this would be 82 days if the operation commences on the first day of December. The simulations highlight that 41-47 litres of freshwater will need to be supplied to the UCZ daily and the associated cooling effect of such addition is approximately 10 times larger than the convective heat loss in the first 65 days of operation. In addition, as 22.4% of the incoming radiation in the form of long wavelength radiation, is absorbed within the top 1 cm of the pond, there is a sharp increase in the temperature of the UCZ creating a hot-zone which slowly moves downwards to the Non-Convective Zone (NCZ) and eventually the HSZ. Hence, the HSZ does not initially prevail as the hottest zone in the pond. However, as the temperature rises and the pond approaches pseudo-steady state, the hot-zone slowly moves downwards and finally reaches the HSZ. This phenomenon is consistent with experimental studies and proves the imprecision of pseudo-steady state models. Furthermore, the HSZ becomes more resistant to losing the accumulated heat to the layers above as its temperature increases due to the better establishment of the NCZ as the insulator for the HSZ

Regeneration of dimethyl ether as a draw solute in forward osmosis by utilising thermal energy from a solar pond

Utilisation of solar thermal energy in forward osmosis (FO) can provide an attractive method for seawater desalination. This study presents a novel process for the regeneration of dimethyl ether (DME) as a draw solute in FO using thermal energy from a solar pond. The location considered for this process is Chabahar (Iran) which benefits from a very high solar irradiance and access to an abundance of seawater from the Sea of Oman making it an ideal location for the proposed process. The average daily volume of desalinated water produced using this process coupled to a solar pond of 10,000 m2 was determined. It is indicated that a solar pond of such moderate size can drive a forward osmosis plant to provide 5,210 m3 of freshwater in the first two years of operation in Chabahar. The proposed process provides freshwater at varying rates throughout the year and benefits from a very low electricity consumption rate of 0.46 kWh per cubic metre of desalinated water offering a viable option for solar desalination. Considering that there are vast uninhabited coastal areas particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the proposed method can contribute towards addressing the growing potable water scarcity

Regeneration of dimethyl ether as a draw solute in forward osmosis by utilising thermal energy from a solar pond

Utilisation of solar thermal energy in forward osmosis (FO) can provide an attractive method for seawater desalination. This study presents a novel process for the regeneration of dimethyl ether (DME) as a draw solute in FO using thermal energy from a solar pond. The location considered for this process is Chabahar (Iran) which benefits from a very high solar irradiance and access to an abundance of seawater from the Sea of Oman making it an ideal location for the proposed process. The average daily volume of desalinated water produced using this process coupled to a solar pond of 10,000 m2 was determined. It is indicated that a solar pond of such moderate size can drive a forward osmosis plant to provide 5,210 m3 of freshwater in the first two years of operation in Chabahar. The proposed process provides freshwater at varying rates throughout the year and benefits from a very low electricity consumption rate of 0.46 kWh per cubic metre of desalinated water offering a viable option for solar desalination. Considering that there are vast uninhabited coastal areas particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the proposed method can contribute towards addressing the growing potable water scarcity