The effect of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention on anxiety and depression among patients undergoing hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial

Author's accepted version (postprint).This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Wiley in Perspectives in psychiatric care on 29/04/2019.Available online: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ppc.12389acceptedVersio

Nurses� knowledge, beliefs and practices towards hand hygiene

Background & Aim: Nurses� hands are important channels of microorganisms transmission and hospital acquired infections. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, beliefs and practices of nurses regarding hand hygiene. Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2012. All nurses (n=282) working in three hospitals of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences participated in the study. Data were gathered using a demographic form, social desirability questionnaire, and hand hygiene knowledge, belief and practice questionnaire. Data were analyzed through descriptive and statistical tests (Independent ttest, ANOVA, Pearson Coefficient) in the SPSS-PC (v.21.0). The level of significance was set at below 0.05. Results: The mean scores of nurses� hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices were 4.6±2.00, 3.8±0.40, and 4.33±0.50, respectively. Nurses washed their hands after contact with patients more often in compare with prior to contact with patient. There was a statistically positive and significant correlation between nurses� practice in required situations and nurses� beliefs regarding hand hygiene. Conclusion: According to the results, nurses� knowledge regarding hand hygiene was low; and hand hygiene practice in required situations was undesirable. Many nurses had negative and false beliefs regarding hand hygiene. Based on these results, it is necessary to plan programs to increase nurses� knowledge, belief and practice regarding hand hygiene. © 2015, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved

Effect of a multimodal training program and traditional lecture method on nurses' hand hygiene knowledge, belief, and practice: A brief report

This study compared the effect of a multimodal training program and lecturing method on nurses' hand hygiene knowledge, belief, and practice. Two weeks and 3 months after the study, nurses' in both groups received significantly higher scores compared with the control group. Compared with the lecturing method, the multimodal training program is more effective in improving nurses' hand hygiene knowledge, belief, and practice 3 months after the study. Copyright © 2015 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The rostral ventromedial medulla orexin 1 receptors and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in hippocampus are involved in modulation of anxiety behavior induced by dental pulp nociception in adult male rats

Objectives: To explore the role of rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) orexin 1 receptors (OX1R) on orofacial nociception -induced anxiety and locomotion in rats. Design: Forty two adult male Wistar rats (220–270 gr) were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6) as follows: untreated control, capsaicin, capsaicin vehicle-treated group (sham operation), capsaicin groups pretreated by intra-RVM administration orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) agonist (orexin A) or antagonist (SB-334867) and the capsaicin groups treated by drugs vehicles (DMSO or aCSF). Orofacial nociception was induced by intradental application of capsaicin (100 μg) into the incisors of rats. Anxiety level and locomotor activity were measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests, respectively. Hippocampal levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated Kinase (p-ERK) was also assessed by western blotting. Results: Intradental application of capsaicin significantly increased anxiety and decreased locomotion behaviors. Intra-RVM microinjection of orexin-A significantly prevented capsaicin-induced anxiety-like behavior and increased locomotor activity in the EPM and OF tests. These effects were inhibited by SB-334867. Furthermore, orexin-A significantly increased p-ERK levels in capsaicin-treated rats. This effect was inhibited by pretreatment of the rats with SB-334867. Conclusions: The results suggest that both OX1R signaling in the RVM and hippocampal p-ERK signaling are involved in orofacial nociception-induced anxiety as well as locomotor activity

The rostral ventromedial medulla orexin 1 receptors and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in hippocampus are involved in modulation of anxiety behavior induced by dental pulp nociception in adult male rats

Objectives: To explore the role of rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) orexin 1 receptors (OX1R) on orofacial nociception -induced anxiety and locomotion in rats. Design: Forty two adult male Wistar rats (220�270 gr) were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6) as follows: untreated control, capsaicin, capsaicin vehicle-treated group (sham operation), capsaicin groups pretreated by intra-RVM administration orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) agonist (orexin A) or antagonist (SB-334867) and the capsaicin groups treated by drugs vehicles (DMSO or aCSF). Orofacial nociception was induced by intradental application of capsaicin (100 μg) into the incisors of rats. Anxiety level and locomotor activity were measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests, respectively. Hippocampal levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated Kinase (p-ERK) was also assessed by western blotting. Results: Intradental application of capsaicin significantly increased anxiety and decreased locomotion behaviors. Intra-RVM microinjection of orexin-A significantly prevented capsaicin-induced anxiety-like behavior and increased locomotor activity in the EPM and OF tests. These effects were inhibited by SB-334867. Furthermore, orexin-A significantly increased p-ERK levels in capsaicin-treated rats. This effect was inhibited by pretreatment of the rats with SB-334867. Conclusions: The results suggest that both OX1R signaling in the RVM and hippocampal p-ERK signaling are involved in orofacial nociception-induced anxiety as well as locomotor activity. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

The effect of oral ascorbic acid pretreatment on feeding changes following injection in nucleus accumbens shell in adult male rats

Background: Ascorbic acid (AA) is not synthesized in the brain but it is actively transported through blood-brain barrier by SVCT2 cotransporter and it is stored in high concentrations with heterogeneous distribution in areas such as nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) in the mammalian brain. Previous studies have shown that Ascorbic acid injection into AcbSh decreases feeding therefore, in the present study we evaluated the effects of oral Ascorbic acid pretreatment on changes in feeding upon its injection in AcbSh in adult male rats. Methods: Sixty-three adult male rats (220-280 g) were divided into five treatment and five pretreatment groups. The treatment groups included the control (intact) group, sham-operated Ascorbic acid group that received normal saline as vehicle, and three other groups that received different doses of ascorbic acid (10, 50 and 250 µg/rat) by injection into AcbSh for four days. The pretreatment groups received Ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) for 15 days via gastric gavage before receiving the aforementioned doses in treatment groups into intra nucleus AcbSh. Feeding measurement was repeated every 12 hours by automatic metabolic cage. Results: The results indicated that all injected doses of Ascorbic acid (10, 50 and 250 µg/rat) into nucleus accumbens shell decrease food intake (P<0.05) in rats and oral Ascorbic acid pretreatment had no effects in this regard. Conclusion: Our findings show that ascorbic acid is an effective factor in feeding regulation. Oral pretreatment seems to have no influence on the central effects of ascorbic acid in the nucleus accumbens shell

Sleep paralysis in medieval Persia &amp;ndash; the Hidayat of Akhawayni (? &amp;ndash;983 AD)

Samad EJ Golzari,1 Kazem Khodadoust,5 Farid Alakbarli,6 Kamyar Ghabili,2 Ziba Islambulchilar,3 Mohammadali M Shoja,1 Majid Khalili,1 Feridoon Abbasnejad,1 Niloufar Sheikholeslamzadeh,7 Nasrollah Moghaddam Shahabi,4 Seyed Fazel Hosseini,2 Khalil Ansarin11Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 2Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 4Students&amp;#39; Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 5Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; 6Institute of Manuscripts of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan; 7Faculty of Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAbstract: Among the first three manuscripts written in Persian, Akhawayni&amp;#39;s Hidayat al-muta`allemin fi al-tibb was the most significant work compiled in the 10th century. Along with the hundreds of chapters on hygiene, anatomy, physiology, symptoms and treatments of the diseases of various organs, there is a chapter on sleep paralysis (night-mare) prior to description and treatment of epilepsy. The present article is a review of the Akhawayni&amp;#39;s teachings on sleep paralysis and of descriptions and treatments of sleep paralysis by the Greek, medieval, and Renaissance scholars. Akhawayni&amp;#39;s descriptions along with other early writings provide insight into sleep paralysis during the Middle Ages in general and in Persia in particular.Keywords: sleep paralysis, night-mare, Akhawayni, Persi