Neutralization of Lethal Potency of Tetanus Toxin using Phage Display Produced scFv Antibody

Background and Aim: Phage display technology provides a new approach for making human antibody fragments that could be applicable in passive immune therapy. We applied the use of this technology to make human single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) specific for tetanus toxin. Tetanus toxin is a neurotoxin constituted by the association of two subunits, mediates its lethal action by blocking neuromuscular vesicle docking. Methods: We previously found that six Human scFv clones inhibit toxin binding to ganglioside GT1b. This is the final report of human tetanus scFvs (scFv 8 and scFv 13) isolated from an immunized library of more than 106 scFv clones with in vivo neutralizing activity. Results: Only scFv 13 can reduce the in vivo toxicity induced by tetanus toxin. Also, scFv 8 has a weak capability of reducing the in vivo toxicity of the toxin. Conclusion: These selected ScFvs can be considered as a possible option to substitute the human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG) which is extensively current immunotherapy for tetanus patients. Taken together, our results suggest that the use of human tetanus scFvs may lead to a less aggressive passive immune therapy against tetanus. *Corresponding Author: Mahdi Aminian; Email: [email protected] Please cite this article as: Khalili E, Abbasi E, Aminian M. Neutralization of Lethal Potency of Tetanus Toxin using Phage Display Produced ScFv Antibody.Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:(e3). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.3378

Cost of quality and quality optimization in manufacturing

This article looks to find the optimization between the quality of manufactured products and the components of the costs of quality, including prevention cost, appraisal cost, internal failure cost and external failure cost. The results for all products, such as automobiles, appliances and electronic devices can be used. Any serious attempts to improve quality must take into account the costs associated with achieving quality, since nowadays it does not suffice to meet customer requirements, it must be done at the lowest possible cost as well. In the current business environment, management accountants and designers need tools and to develop models for decision making and planning with the reduction in quality costs of the products to provide products with high quality in order to create value for an organization. In this paper, to improve (optimize) the quality and components of the costs of quality, a kind of ant colony algorithm under the title of minimum and maximum ants system has been implemented. The current study has at least one aspect of innovation. On the international level, no research has been done in regards to the relationship between quality and the costs of quality. It was found that from a product differentiation point of view and a cost leadership point of view what component of a product best leads to the optimization of the relationship between cost of quality and quality.

Cost of quality and quality optimization in manufacturing

This article looks to find the optimization between the quality of manufactured products and the components of the costs of quality, including prevention cost, appraisal cost, internal failure cost and external failure cost. The results for all products, such as automobiles, appliances and electronic devices can be used. Any serious attempts to improve quality must take into account the costs associated with achieving quality, since nowadays it does not suffice to meet customer requirements, it must be done at the lowest possible cost as well. In the current business environment, management accountants and designers need tools and to develop models for decision making and planning with the reduction in quality costs of the products to provide products with high quality in order to create value for an organization. In this paper, to improve (optimize) the quality and components of the costs of quality, a kind of ant colony algorithm under the title of minimum and maximum ants system has been implemented. The current study has at least one aspect of innovation. On the international level, no research has been done in regards to the relationship between quality and the costs of quality. It was found that from a product differentiation point of view and a cost leadership point of view what component of a product best leads to the optimization of the relationship between cost of quality and quality.

Cost of quality and quality optimization in manufacturing

This article looks to find the optimization between the quality of manufactured products and the components of the costs of quality, including prevention cost, appraisal cost, internal failure cost and external failure cost. The results for all products, such as automobiles, appliances and electronic devices can be used. Any serious attempts to improve quality must take into account the costs associated with achieving quality, since nowadays it does not suffice to meet customer requirements, it must be done at the lowest possible cost as well. In the current business environment, management accountants and designers need tools and to develop models for decision making and planning with the reduction in quality costs of the products to provide products with high quality in order to create value for an organization. In this paper, to improve (optimize) the quality and components of the costs of quality, a kind of ant colony algorithm under the title of minimum and maximum ants system has been implemented. The current study has at least one aspect of innovation. On the international level, no research has been done in regards to the relationship between quality and the costs of quality. It was found that from a product differentiation point of view and a cost leadership point of view what component of a product best leads to the optimization of the relationship between cost of quality and quality.

Modeling biochar-soil depth dependency on fecal coliform straining under subsurface drip irrigation

Funding Information: This work was supported by Shahrekord University, Iran. N. Sepehrnia is funded by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship, United Kingdom under the grant agreement No. 101026287. We acknowledge University of Aberdeen, UK for supporting this project.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

MODELING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB BURNOUT IN INFLUENCE OF JOB STRESS ON THE COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER OF EMPLOYEES OF BRANCHES OF SADERAT BANK IN ZABOL

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of job stress on the commitment and turnover of the employees of Saderat Bank in Zabol by considering the mediating role of job burnout. The statistical population of this study consists of all employees and managers of branches of Saderat Bank in Zabol, who are currently working. According to the prosecution, the size of the population is estimated 1248 people. For sampling, the Cochran sample size formula with limited population was used. Finally, 295 statistical units were analyzed. The data collection instrument used in this study was a series of standard questionnaires. Additionally, in order to describe the data analysis and to test the hypothesis of the research, inferential statistics and structural equation modeling method have been usedand analyzed via LISREL. After analyzing the data, the results of research hypothesis testing indicate that job stress has a positive effect on job burnout and job stress has positive effect on turnover. In addition, the negative effect of job burnout on organizational commitment was accepted.Keywords: Job Stress, Job Burnout, Organizational Commitment, Branches of Saderat Bank in Zabol

Interfacial thermal conductance between TiO2 nanoparticle and water: A molecular dynamics study

The interfacial thermal conductance (Kapitza conductance) between a TiO2 nanoparticle and water is investigated using transient non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. It is found that Kapitza conductance of TiO2 nanoparticles is one order of magnitude greater than other conventional nanoparticles such as gold, silver, silicon, platinum and also carbon nanotubes and graphene flakes. This difference can be explained by comparing the contribution of electrostatic interactions between the partially charged titanium and oxygen atoms and water atoms to the van der Waals interactions, which increases the cooling time by about 10 times. The effects of diameter and temperature of nanoparticle, surface wettability on the interfacial thermal conductance are also investigated. The results showed that by increasing the diameter of the nanoparticle from 4 to 9 nm, Kapitza conductance decreased slightly. Also, increasing the temperature of the heated nanoparticle from 400 K to 600 K led to thermal conductance enhancement. It has been found that increasing the coupling strength of Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential from 0.5 to 4 caused the increment of the Kapitza conductance about 20%. It is also shown that a continuum model which its input is provided by molecular dynamics can be a suitable approximation to describe the thermal relaxation of a nanoparticle in a liquid medium

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Laser Activated Bleaching Methods on Enamel Susceptibility to Caries; An In Vitro Model

Introduction: Today bleaching is a routine noninvasive alternative for treatment of discolored teeth. The concern has been raised whether or not oxidizing reaction during this process, might endanger integrity of the teeth and raise the risk of caries formation. The aim of this study was to determine whether conventional or laser activated bleaching predispose teeth to develop caries or not.Methods:Sixty human molars were mounted on acrylic cylinders and Knoop microhardness (KHN) and DIAGNOdent (DD) values of them were recorded. They were divided into four experimental groups; G1)conventional bleaching with 40% Hydrogen peroxide gel G2) Diode laser assisted bleaching with same gel. G3)Nd;YAG laser assisted bleaching with the same gel. G4)control group. After bleaching, all samples were subjected to a three day pH cycling regimen and then, KHN and DD values were measured.Results:All groups had significant reduction in KHN values. . It seems that there is no statistically meaningful difference between changes in enamel microhardness of sample groups and all groups have changed in a similar amount. Reduction of DD scores were significant in Diode laser and conventional groups, however changes in Nd:YAG laser and control groups were not significant. Changes in DD values have followed a similar pattern among groups, except in G1-G4 and G2-G4 couples. Conventional and Diode laser group had a meaningful difference in reduction of DD values in comparison with control group.Conclusion:It can be concluded that bleaching whether conventional or laser activated method, does not make teeth vulnerable to develop carious lesions

The Rate of Demineralization in the Teeth Prepared by Bur and Er:YAG Laser

Introduction: The present in vitro study evaluated the recurrence rate of caries following cavity preparations with bur (conventional technique) and irradiation by Erbium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet (Er:YAG) laser through micro hardness test.Methods: A total of 72 human extracted molars were randomly divided into 3 groups and class 5 cavities were prepared on them with 3 different methods: G1) conventional bur, G2) Er:YAG laser irradiation alone and G3) laser irradiation + laser treatment. The specimens were immersed in the artificial caries solution with pH of 2.0 and 5.0 (12 days) and then immersed in re-mineralizing solution with pH of 7.0 (25 days). The specimens were longitudinally sectioned and their Vickers micro hardness was determined. Data were statistically analyzed by means of three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparisons tests.Results: The micro hardness of the samples was affected by substrate type (enamel and dentin) and low values were achieved in dentin (P < 0.001). Moreover, no significant difference was observed between preparation methods by bar and laser irradiation alone (P ≤ 0.499). Although laser irradiation + laser treatment decreased micro hardness of enamel compared to other methods. In dentin samples, different methods of preparation showed no significant effect on micro hardness (P ≤ 0.874).Conclusion: Due to the similar values of micro hardness following G1 and G2, it seems that Er:YAG laser alone is as much effective as the conventional bur to prevent recurrence caries. However, because of the high prices of laser instruments, bur preparations can be done commonly