The effects of water temperature on weight and length growth in Bester

Hybrid Bester sturgeon (female Beluga x male Sterlet) was produced for the first time in Iran using sperm from a male Acipenser ruthenus and eggs of a female Huso huso in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon Porpagation Center (Agh Ghala, Golestan province). Bester fries and those of Beluga as control treatment weighed 490mg and 377mg respectively after about one month and were transported to International Sturgeon Research Institute (Rasht). All fishes were fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 1547% fat) after a period of feeding on Artemia and Daphnia. Sorting was carried out according to weight increase for both fishes. Results showed that the weight increase in warmer months (water temperature 18-28°C) was higher than the colder months and ceased at 6-12°C. The trend in weight increase was of the same pattern for both fishes. There were no significant differences between fish length up to 5 months of rearing but afterwards, Bester showed a higher rate of length increase compared to that of the Beluga. The length increase rate for both fishes was sharper during the first year than the second year. Fish length increase was ceased at 6.841.4°C which coincided with the increase in fish weight

The effect of Young's modulus on the neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells

There is substantial evidence that cells produce a diverse response to changes in ECM stiffness depending on their identity. Our aim was to understand how stiffness impacts neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC's), and how this varies at three specific stages of the differentiation process. In this investigation, three effects of stiffness on cells were considered; attachment, expansion and phenotypic changes during differentiation. Stiffness was varied from 2 kPa to 18 kPa to finally 35 kPa. Attachment was found to decrease with increasing stiffness for both ESC's (with a 95% decrease on 35 kPa compared to 2 kPa) and neural precursors (with a 83% decrease on 35 kPa). The attachment of immature neurons was unaffected by stiffness. Expansion was independent of stiffness for all cell types, implying that the proliferation of cells during this differentiation process was independent of Young's modulus. Stiffness had no effect upon phenotypic changes during differentiation for mESC's and neural precursors. 2 kPa increased the proportion of cells that differentiated from immature into mature neurons. Taken together our findings imply that the impact of Young's modulus on attachment diminishes as neuronal cells become more mature. Conversely, the impact of Young's modulus on changes in phenotype increased as cells became more mature

Scientific, sustainability and regulatory challenges of cultured meat

Producing meat without the drawbacks of conventional animal agriculture would greatly contribute to future food and nutrition security. This Review Article covers biological, technological, regulatory and consumer acceptance challenges in this developing field of biotechnology. Cellular agriculture is an emerging branch of biotechnology that aims to address issues associated with the environmental impact, animal welfare and sustainability challenges of conventional animal farming for meat production. Cultured meat can be produced by applying current cell culture practices and biomanufacturing methods and utilizing mammalian cell lines and cell and gene therapy products to generate tissue or nutritional proteins for human consumption. However, significant improvements and modifications are needed for the process to be cost efficient and robust enough to be brought to production at scale for food supply. Here, we review the scientific and social challenges in transforming cultured meat into a viable commercial option, covering aspects from cell selection and medium optimization to biomaterials, tissue engineering, regulation and consumer acceptance

Survey on health status in aquaculture sturgeons centers (Mazandaran, Guilan And Golestan Provinces)

Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus, Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×10^5, 4.8±0.5×10^5 per mm^3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p>0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm^3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05)

The relation of maternal hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The clinical consequences of hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy such as preterm birth are not still clear. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the relation of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy and preterm birth. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis were utilized. Searching the cohort studies were done by two researchers independently without any restrictions on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCO and Google Scholar databases up to 2017. The heterogeneity of the studies was checked by the Cochran's Q test and I-2 index. Both random and fixed-effects models were used for combining the relative risk and 95 confidence intervals. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2. Results: Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risks of the clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth was estimated 1.30 (95 CI: 1.05-1.61, p=0.013, involving 20079 cases and 2452817 controls), 1.36 (95 CI: 1.09-1.68, p=0.005, involving 3580 cases and 64885 controls) and 1.31 (95 CI: 1.04-1.66, p=0.020, involving 1078 cases and 44377 controls), respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of preterm birth was higher among mothers with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy compared to euthyroid mothers, and these relations were significant. Therefore, gynecologists and endocrinologists should manage these patients to control the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B infection in pregnant women of Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Perinatal transmission is one of the most common routes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in the worldwide. In Iran, more than 50 of HBV carriers have received the infection in this route. Therefore, this review study was performed with aim to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection in pregnant women of Iran. Methods: Current study was conducted based on PRISMA checklist for systematic review and meta-analysis studies. To access to the English and Persian documents, two independent authors searched Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Web of Science (ISI), Springer, Online Library Wiley, Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib, IranDoc and Google Scholar search engine up to January 2016 by using Mesh keywords including: Prevalence, Hepatitis B, Pregnant women, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, HBsAg and Iran. Data was analyzed using the random-effects model for HBV prevalence and fixed-effects model for risk factors of HBV via Stata software (Version 11.2). Results: A total of 36 eligible studies with sample size of 64,195 pregnant women in Iran, HBV prevalence was estimated 0.5. Minimum and maximum of this range were related to the North (0.4) and East (1.6) of the Iran. HBV prevalence in urban and rural pregnant women was estimated 1.1 and 1.2, respectively. HBV prevalence among housewife pregnant women was 1.7 and employee pregnant women was 0.1. The frequency of HBsAb>10 mIU/ml in Iranian pregnant women were calculated 40. Among the risk factors, illiteracy, occupation, blood transfusion, abortion and husband addiction were significant related with prevalence of HBV (P0.05). Conclusion: The lowest prevalence of HBV in Iran was related to pregnant women and less than the general population. History of blood transfusions, husband addiction, illiteracy, occupation and abortion are associated with HBV in Iranian pregnant women. © 2016, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

The effects of abdominal binder onwound healing and consumed pain medications after cesarean section: A randomized control trial

Background: Wound complications and pain are major causes of morbidity after cesarean section (CS). Although medications are safe for use by mothers after CS, many females prefer non-pharmaceutical methods. An abdominal binder is a complementary therapy, commonly used post-major abdominal surgery. Objectives: There is limited evidence about the effect of abdominal binders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an abdominal binder on wound healing and consumed pain medication. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 178 females, who had undergone non-emergency CS at 1 of the 3 hospitals in Gonbad-e Kavus, and Golestan, northeast of Iran. In the intervention group, patients were administered abdominal binders, in addition to routine care. The binder was used for 2 days after the patient was admitted to the surgery ward. The control group received routine care. We used the demographic data questionnaire, questionnaire for cataloguing analgesic medications taken by participants (each 6 hours after CS), and Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation of wound edges (REEDA) scale for assessment of wound healing. The participants provided their written consent for participation in this study. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.3 (5) years. Mean (SD) REEDA score was 0.4 (0.5) in the intervention group and 0.5 (0.8) in the control group. The median (quartile 25-75) REEDA score was 0 (0-1) in both groups. Mean REEDA scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P = 0.724). Significant differences were observed in the approximation of wound edges in the intervention group 5 days post-CS (P = 0.007). Administered analgesic medications did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (at 6 hours in suppository, and 6 and 24 hours post-intervention in intramuscular of injection narcotics). Significantly fewer analgesic medications were administered in the intervention group when compared with the control group (P = 0.001). Satisfaction did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P= 0.443). Conclusions: In this study, the abdominal binder was effective in pain medication consumption at some intervals. However, it had no healing effect on CS scars. © 2017, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Randomized controlled trial of abdominal binders for postoperative pain, distress, and blood loss after cesarean delivery

Objective: To assess the effect of using abdominal binders on pain, distress, and postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery. Methods: The present prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled patients undergoing non-emergency cesarean deliveries in Gonbad-e Kavus, Golestan Province, Iran, between January 22 and October 23, 2015. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio by blocks of four or six to a control group or to use an abdominal binder after delivery; all patients received routine care. The primary outcomes were visual analog scale-assessed pain, symptom distress scale (SDS)-assessed distress, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Participants and researchers were masked to treatment assignments until after cesarean delivery, and data analysis was unmasked; intention-to-treat analyses were performed. Results: There were 89 patients enrolled in each group, with no differences in baseline pain scores, SDS scores, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels between the groups (all P>0.05). Pain and SDS scores were lower in the binder group at all post-baseline time points compared with the control group (all P<0.001). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher among patients who received binders 36 hours after baseline (both P<0.001). There was one patient who experienced hemorrhage in the binders group and one patient requested removal of their binder. Conclusion: Patients who received abdominal binders reported less pain, lower SDS scores, and higher hemoglobin and hematocrit levels following cesarean delivery. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT2015042521917N2. © 2017 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetric