Seroprevalence and Risk factor of Brucella Abortus in Cattle (Indigenous and crossbred) in District Layyah

Background: Brucellosis is very important infectious, zoonotic disease all over the world affecting variety species, causing severe economic losses in animals and severe illness in human beings. This study was planned to find the seroprevalence and associated risk factors with Brucella Abortus in indigenous and crossbreed cattle of District Layyah.Methods: The blood sample were collected from 350 blood animals and screened by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) using anti-Brucella antibodies. The seropositive samples were confirmed through indirect ELISA tests. The information on risk factors associated with brucellosis were collected on pre-designed questionnaires.Results: The result of the present study showed the overall prevalence of 6.97% in cattle in district Layyah. It was more prevalent in the age group of 2-5 years (14.6%) as compared to that of the age group 5-10 years (6.25%). The prevalence was significantly higher in the cattle with history of abortion (52.38%) as compared to the non-aborted cattle (3%). The crossbreed animals were found to be more affected than indigenous animals.Conclusion: There is a dire need to eliminate the seropositive animals by application of proper control programme and eradicate this zoonotic disease in developing countries especially in Pakistan.Keywords: Brucellosis; Cattle; Seroprevalence; Layyah

Manufacturing Sector Employment and Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan: A Case Study of Punjab Province

Economic growth coupled with equitable distribution of income and low poverty levels are the prime objective of economists and policy makers Industrial sector has been the engine of growth in the process of growth and development of the developed economies of today Pakistan economy is the sixth largest economy of the world About 48 percent of population in Pakistan is living under multidimensional poverty The industrial sector of the Pakistan economy contributes about one-fifth of shares in the GDP It employs a large share of labor force So these facts provided the aspirations to explore the impact of manufacturing sector employment on multidimensional poverty in Pakistan Crosssectional data of 34 districts of Punjab province is used for the analysis Multidimensional poverty head count index is regressed on manufacturing sector employment healthcare and education service The standard OLS method is used to estimate the poverty equation The study confirms the poverty alleviating impact of manufacturing sector employment and human capital healthcare and education The estimated model qualifies the diagnostic specification error and stability tests The study also suggests some policy recommendations for the improvement of the human capital and manufacturing secto

Effect of Temperature on Demographic Parameters of the Hawthorn Red Midget Moth, Phyllonorycter corylifoliella, on Apple

The hawthorn red midget moth, Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is one of the most serious pests of apple and pear orchards in Iran, however little is known about its biology and relationship with environmental factors. The reproduction and population growth parameters of P. corylifoliella were examined at six constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 33 and 35° C) on apple var. golden delicious. At 35° C, P. corylifoliella failed to develop beyond the first instar. The lowest (13%) and highest (64%) mortality rates of immature stages occurred at 25 and 33° C, respectively. The life expectancies (ex) decreased with increasing of age and the life expectancies of one-day-old larvae were estimated to be 38.68, 33.34, 35.11, 26.28 and 16.11 days at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 33° C, respectively. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), net reproductive rate (Ro) and finite rate of increase (λ) at 25° C were 0.100 ± 0.003, 47.66 ± 5.47 and 1.11 ± 0.00, respectively. The mean generation time (T) decreased with increasing temperatures from 86.86 ± 0.53 days at 15° C to 33.48 ± 0.16 days at 30° C. Doubling time (DT) varied significantly with temperature and the shortest doubling time was obtained at 25° C. The results of this study provide direction for future research on evaluating the performance of P. corylifoliella and the efficiency of its natural enemies in apple orchards under variable environmental conditions

Strategic Change in Operating Trends of Public Listed Companies and Its Impact on StockMarket Growth

The primary concern of the present study is to examine the impact of cross-listing on the stock market growth. The theoretical framework for the research was developed by taking the members of the World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) as statistical frame. For analysis and statistical calculations in the study a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique is used. The results suggest a significant and positive impact of cross-listing on stock market growth indicators except on the value of share trading. The study concludes that cross-listing is fruitful for stock market growth of host stock exchanges. It recommends that host countries should create conducive environment for offshore listing. Keywords: Cross-listing, Domestic Listing, Market Capitalisation, Equity Shares and Stock Inde

Simulation of draft force of winged share tillage tool using artificial neural network model

An artificial neural network (ANN) model, with a back propagation learning algorithm, was developed to predict draft requirements of two winged share tillage tools in a loam soil. The input parameters to the 3–7–1 ANN model were; share width, working depth and operating speed. The output from the network was the draft requirement of each tillage tool. The developed model predicted the draft requirements of the winged share tillage tools with a mean relative error of less than 7% and mean square errors of less than 0.05, when compared to measured draft values. This result indicates that the ANN model had successfully learnt from the training data set to enable correct interpolation and could be used as an alternative tool for modeling soil-tool interaction under specific experimental conditions and soil types

Providing Excellence Management Model Based on Human Capital Approach

The present study is conducted to provide excellence management model based on human capital approach. It is practical regarding goals, qualitative regarding data and survey (Delphi) regarding the study type.  The statistical population of present study is thirty experts and elites in the field of management based on management and human resources approach through the census sampling method who comment regarding 4 aspects, 12 factors and 216 indicators taken from the national and international studies. The results indicated the aspects, factors and indicators of excellence management model gained though Delphi model (with three forwarding) and brainstorming among thirty elites of this scope (focus rings) are confirmed. The results showed model composed of 4 aspects of importance, data, process, output and feedback and also 12 factors of management structure, human resources, optimal change, education, improvement, productivity, professional development of stakeholders, performance evaluation, benefit of staffs, political and stakeholder have been saturated. Also the factor of excellence management model with human capital approach has been confirmed in manufacturing organizations

Role of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus cholinergic system in the modulation of acute corneal nociception in rats

The present study investigated the effects of microinjections of acetylcholine (a cholinergic agonist), physostigmine (a cholinesterase inhibitor), atropine (an antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors) and hexamethonium (an antagonist of nicotinic cholinergic receptors) into the parafascicular nucleus of thalamus on the acute corneal nociception in rats. Acute corneal nociception was induced by putting a drop of 5 M NaCl solution onto the corneal surface of the eye and the number of eye wipes was counted during the first 30s. Both acetylcholine and physostigmine at the same doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 μg significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of eye wipes. The intensity of corneal nociception was not changed when atropine and hexamethonium were used alone. Atropine (4 μg), but not hexamethonium (4 μg) significantly (P < 0.05) prevented acetylcholine (2 μg)- and physostigmine (2 μg)-induced antinociceptive effects. The results indicated that at the level of the parafascicular nucleus of thalamus, the muscarinic cholinergic receptors might be involved in the antinociceptive effects of acetylcholine and physostigmine

In-vitro anticoccidial potential of Saccharum officinarum extract against Eimeria oocysts

Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous methanolic extract from Saccharum officinarum on the sporulation and morphology of oocysts of four Eimeria species (Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. mitis, E. brunetti) of poultry. Sporulation inhibition bioassay was used to evaluate the activity of Saccharum officinarum extract (SOE) on the sporulation of coccidian oocysts. In this assay, unsporulated oocysts were exposed to six concentrations of S. officinarum in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide solution (w/v; 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.31%) while DMSO and potassium dichromate solution (K2Cr2O7) served as control groups. The Petri dishes were partially covered to allow the passage of oxygen and incubated at 25-29° C for 48 h, providing 60-80% humidity. The sporulation of the oocyst was confirmed by examining sporocysts under inverted microscope at 40x. Results showed anticoccidial activity of SOE against all Eimeria species as proved by its ability to inhibit the sporulation of the oocysts under laboratory conditions. Inhibition of sporulation was observed in dose dependent manner. S. officinarum extract at higher dose also damaged the normal morphology and shape of oocysts of Eimeria species

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii from Native Cattle in Southwest of Iran

Abstract: Infections by protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are prevalent worldwide in animals and human. T. gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections to humans and domestic animals. If first be during pregnancy, T. gondii may be transferred vertically by tachyzoites that are passed to the embryo via the placenta. T. gondii may be transmitted horizontally in three phases of the life cycle, ingesting infectious oocysts from the environment or tissue cysts or tachyzoites which are contained in gastrointestinal of many different animals. Transmission may also occur via tachyzoites contained in blood products, texture transplants or non-pasteurized milk. Like rest of the world toxoplasmosis is prevalent in Iran. The present study aimed to determine T. gondii isolates from native cattle in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province located in south west of Iran by molecular methods. In this study, 155 blood samples were collected from native cattle. Genomic DNA was extracted using DNA extraction Kit (Cinna Gen, Iran) according to the manufacturer protocol and PCR was performed using specific primers (ITS-F and ITS-R). Sixteen (6.95%) cattle were positive to T. gondii infection. The positive control samples showed the excepted amplification product specific for T. gondii (171 bp). Although the present results showed relatively low prevalence of T.gondii infection in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari native cattle, control and eradication programs seem to be still necessary to prevent the prevalence of this infection factor and economic losses