Earthquake early warning system

As the climate undergoes changes, the number of natural disasters increase and the severity of these occurrences increases over time. As the population of human race increases, natural protective terrains and barriers were destroyed for urbanization due to the exploitation of vulnerable areas on the earth. Earthquakes are unpredictable and as an initiative to adapt to climate changes and as a strategy to reduce earthquake disaster risk, early warning systems (EWS) has been internationally recognized to play a role in providing alerts to the public so that safety precaution procedures and protocols can be implemented in response to earthquake occurrences..

IR sensor for line following robot

Generally, in a line following robot as shown in Figure 1.1, IR sensor is used for the robot to detect the line either white or black. The line can either be black on a white surface and white on a black surface. The sensors are installed at the bottom of a front part of the robot. Multiple IR sensors are needed in order to get a more accurate output. The IR sensors come with pair that is a receiver and also a transmitter, we called it Tx and Rexford this application, the transmitter and the receiver is placed near to each other to make it easier to detect the line. When the IR sensor is supplied with certain voltage, the transmitter will transmit the infrared ray. Receiver will receive it. It is usually use to detect an object and also to detect a line on a surface

Magnetic suspension turbine flow meter

Measurement of liquid flow in certain area such as industrial plant is in critical. Inaccurate measurement can cause serious result. Most of the liquid flow are using Bernoulli principle‘s but in turbine flow meter the flow rate is determine differently by using kinetic energy. Turbine flow meter is one of flow rate transducer that widely used in metallurgical, petroleum, chemical and other industrial and agricultural areas, as shown in Figure 1.1. It is present as high precision of flow meter and when fluid flow troughs it the impeller that faces the fluid will rotate due to flow force exist. The rotation speed is directly proportional to the speed of fluid. During the process, the working states of impeller and bearing are very complicated due the interactive effects from the fluid axial thrust, impeller rotating, and static and dynamic components. In current turbine flow meter design, the common material use for meter bulk body is 1Cr18Ni9Ti, while for the blade 2Gr13 are used. Axis and bearing are made from stainless steel or carbide alloy. The space between the axis and bearing determines it minimum flow rate and life span, and also determines its measurement range (1:10~1:15 - maximum flow rate to minimum flow rate). Since the turbine has movable parts it can produce friction between the axis and ring during the operation. This will cause accuracy of the measurement decrease and can damage the impeller blade. In this research, the friction can be reduced by adopting the principle of magnetic suspension. Rotating shaft will levitate in the magnetic field due to the forces. Friction coefficient reduced because of rotating shaft rotates without abrasion and mechanical contact in space

Infrared temperature sensing

In the field of temperature sensing, there are any ways to measure a temperature on both living and non-living things. Nowadays, temperature was able to be measured by using the infrared radiation. Infrared (IR) is invisible radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz) to 1 mm (300 GHz)[1]. Infrared thermography (IRT), thermal imaging, and thermal video are examples of infrared imaging science. Thermo graphic cameras usually detect radiation in the long infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 9,000–14,000 nanometers or 9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation, called thermograms. The principle of the infrared thermal imaging was by receiving the invisible infrared radiation energy which emitted by the object into the air. Based on the relationship between the infrared radiation energy and temperature could know the relevant object surface temperature (Stefan-Boltzmann Law)[2][3]

Gravitational search algorithm: R is better than R2?

ravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is a metaheuristic population-based optimization algorithm inspired by the Newtonian law of gravity and law of motion. Ever since it was introduced in 2009, GSA has been employed to solve various optimization problems. Despite its superior performance, GSA has a fundamental problem. It has been revealed that the force calculation in GSA is not genuinely based on the Newtonian law of gravity. Based on the Newtonian law of gravity, force between two masses in the universe is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. However, in the original GSA, R is used instead of R2. In this paper, the performance of GSA is re-evaluated considering the square of the distance between masses, R2. The CEC2014 benchmark functions for real-parameter single objective optimization problems are employed in the evaluation. An important finding is that by considering the square of the distance between masses, R2, significant improvement over the original GSA is observed provided a large gravitational constant should be used at the beginning of the optimization process. © 2006-2016 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN)

Fault monitoring system for traffic light

Traffic light breakdown is very common. These create hassle as well as unsafe condition for road users. This project provides a new paradigm in traffic light monitoring system. The system has the capability to send multiple Short Message Service (SMS) to the contractor, traffic police and local council in the event of a malfunction traffic light. Normally, road users have to call the contractor based on the information displayed at the traffic light pole. With the current system, time taken to respond to the traffic light breakdown depends on how soon road users call the contractor. Monitoring system for fault traffic light will address this matter. In this project, the system can detect two types of failure, power failure and bulb/ Light Emitting Diode (LED) failure (a particular light not working i.e. red light only). Upon receiving the power failure signal, SMS will be sent to the above-mentioned parties for further action. For LED types of traffic light, the system has the capability to detect deterioration in function. If >50% of the LED for any light is not working the system will notify the contractor and other related parties to perform restorative action. The malfunction of LED can be detected by measuring real current vs the nominal current for that particular light. The seriousness of traffic light failure is divided into three parts, which are the total power failure, total LED failure and partial failure. The microcontroller analyzes the seriousness of the failure and sends the signal to a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) module. Then the GSM module will send the details of failure including location and types of failure. For this project, LED was used as prototype of the traffic ligh

RFID-based sensor for corrosion monitoring in concrete

All mechanical structures are subjected to deformation and cracks, due to fatigue, stress or environmental factors. Therefore it is importance to monitor the mechanical condition of critical structures in order to prevent catastrophic failures and also to minimize maintenance costs, i.e., avoid unnecessary inspections. A radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor for corrosion monitoring in concrete is presented. Corrosion of concrete reinforcement is one of the main factors leading to premature degrading of concrete structures. According to the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the cost of corrosion in the United States is estimated to be around $276 billion per year [1]. Besides that, reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world due to its versatility and economy. Although reinforced concrete typically performs its intended use well over its service life, corrosion of steel reinforcement is a major and costly problem [2]. An analysis of the inductive coupling between the reader’s and the sensor’s antennas is carried out to guide the optimization of the RFID communication link. Linear polarization resistance measurements obtained from the developed sensor show the initiation and progression of corrosion. This paper present the RFID corrosion sensor that can read the open circuit voltage, perform linear polarization measurements, measure temperature and its own supply voltage

MLGSA: Multi-Leader Gravitational Search Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization Problem

Recently, we have introduced Multi-Leader Particle Swarm Optimization (MLPSO) algorithm for multiobjective optimization problem. Better convergence and diversity have been observed over the conventional MultiObjective Particle Swarm Optimization. In this paper, the same concept is extended to Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The performance was investigated by solving a set of ZDT test problem. An analysis was also performed by varying the value of initial gravitational constant

The Perception of Islamic Studies Learners Towards a New Approach in Knowledge Transfer for Islamic Studies Programmes at OUM

Knowledge transfer is the sharing or dissemination of knowledge and the provision of input for problem solving. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed lives in various ways, including the way of learning and transferring knowledge. The process of knowledge transfer has also changed due to technologyassisted learning and the needs of the process. According to Islamic scholars, the authenticity of knowledge is confirmed through a specific medium, i.e., face-to-face meeting or discussion with a teacher (talaqqi). Thus, some may not be open to a new approach in knowledge transfer in the field of Islamic studies, which is online learning. This study is aimed at identifying the perception of Islamic Studies students at OUM towards the medium of knowledge transfer in Islamic Studies programmes. The quantitative method of questionnaires was used to obtain data. The findings of the data, which was analysed using descriptive statistics on SPSS, revealed that the perception of a sample of Islamic Studies students at OUM towards the concept of online learning was aligned with the proposed transfer of knowledge based on the Islamic view. They presented a high level of understanding, acceptance, and recognition of the benefits and usefulness of the medium of knowledge transfer in Islamic Studies