Direct Extraction and Assessment of Genomic DNA of Mycetoma Fungi from Black-grains Specimen

Background: Direct isolation of genomic DNA of mycetoma fungi from black-grains achieve rapid diagnosis and may overcome culture disadvantages. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate and assess the DNA of mycetoma fungi using black-grains and to apply amplification of ITS region and nucleotide sequences. Methods: CTAB method was followed by manual homogenization alternatively to liquid nitrogen and glass beads disruption to obtain the genomic DNA. Results: Yielded DNA concentrations vary from 1.50 to 47.97 μg/ml (mean 10.09 μg/ml) while the optimum DNA purity recorded with 75.8% of specimens (n=69/91).Successful amplification of ITS region was done using pan-fungal primers (ITS4/5) with 90.1 (n=82/91)percentage. Species nucleotide sequences were detected with 67 (94.4%) amplicons from a total of 71.Conclusion: The study recommended using of black-grain specimens for DNA extraction of mycetoma fungi parallel with culture to insure rabid diagnosis and identification

Procjena anthelmintičke učinkovitosti pripravaka albendazola i ivermektina u magaraca u Darfuru u Sudanu

The therapeutic efficacies of albendazole and ivermectin drench formulation at the manufacturer’s recommended dose were evaluated in a controlled trial in Nyala town, South Darfur State, Sudan. The study involved 24 donkeys naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes; they were divided into four groups of equal size. Albendazole was administered orally once at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body mass, or twice, 14 days apart at dose rate of 10 mg/kg body mass. Ivermectin was administered orally as a single dose at 200 μg/kg body mass. Treatment efficacy was based on the mean faecal egg count reduction 14 days post treatment. A faecal egg count reduction of 100% was found after treatment with albendazole and ivermectin. In addition efficacy percentages of albendazole and ivermectin against immature and adult nematodes were as follows: Trichostrongylus axei 67.09% and 100%, Parascaris equorum 100% and 100%, Oxyuris equi 100% and 100%, Strongylus sp. 98.4% and 100%; and small strongyles 100% and 100%. Albendazole single and twice and ivermectin with the single dose showed moderate efficacy (33%, 59.08% and 62.71%, respectively) against larvae found in the cranial mesenteric artery aneurisms. No adverse reactions were observed in treated donkeys during the experiment period.Učinkovitost pripravaka albendazola i ivermektina u preporučenoj dozi istražena je u kontroliranom pokusu provedenom na magarcima u gradu Nyala u južnom Darfuru u Sudanu. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 24 magarca prirodno invadirana želučanocrijevnim oblićima. Magarci su bili ravnomjerno raspoređeni u četiri skupine te peroralno liječeni albendazolom u dozi od 10 mg/kg tjelesne mase jednokratno ili dvokratno u razmaku od dva tjedna. Ivermektinom su liječeni peroralno i to jednokratno u dozi od 200 mg/kg tjelesne mase. Ljekovit učinak bio je određen na temelju smanjenja broja jaja u izmetu dva tjedna nakon liječenja. Dokazano je bilo 100%-tno smanjenje broja jaja nakon liječenja obama pripravcima. Učinkovitost je bila dokazana i postmortalnom parazitološkom pretragom i to prebrojavanjem nezrelih i odraslih oblića. U liječenih životinja ustanovljeno je 67,9% manje nezrelih te 100% manje odraslih oblića Trichostrongylus axei. Stopostotna učinkovitost bila je dokazana za nezrele i za zrele obliće Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi te male strongilide. Nešto manja učinkovitost (98,4%) bila je dokazana za nezrele obliće Strongylus sp. Kombinacija jednokratnoga i dvokratnoga davanja albendazola s jednokratnim davanjem ivermektina pokazala je prosječno dobru učinkovitost (33%, 59,08% i 62,71%) protiv ličinki u aneurizmama na području kranijalne mezenterijske arterije. U magaraca nisu bile primijećene nikakve nuspojave nakon primjene lijekova

Procjena anthelmintičke učinkovitosti pripravaka albendazola i ivermektina u magaraca u Darfuru u Sudanu

The therapeutic efficacies of albendazole and ivermectin drench formulation at the manufacturer’s recommended dose were evaluated in a controlled trial in Nyala town, South Darfur State, Sudan. The study involved 24 donkeys naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes; they were divided into four groups of equal size. Albendazole was administered orally once at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body mass, or twice, 14 days apart at dose rate of 10 mg/kg body mass. Ivermectin was administered orally as a single dose at 200 μg/kg body mass. Treatment efficacy was based on the mean faecal egg count reduction 14 days post treatment. A faecal egg count reduction of 100% was found after treatment with albendazole and ivermectin. In addition efficacy percentages of albendazole and ivermectin against immature and adult nematodes were as follows: Trichostrongylus axei 67.09% and 100%, Parascaris equorum 100% and 100%, Oxyuris equi 100% and 100%, Strongylus sp. 98.4% and 100%; and small strongyles 100% and 100%. Albendazole single and twice and ivermectin with the single dose showed moderate efficacy (33%, 59.08% and 62.71%, respectively) against larvae found in the cranial mesenteric artery aneurisms. No adverse reactions were observed in treated donkeys during the experiment period.Učinkovitost pripravaka albendazola i ivermektina u preporučenoj dozi istražena je u kontroliranom pokusu provedenom na magarcima u gradu Nyala u južnom Darfuru u Sudanu. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 24 magarca prirodno invadirana želučanocrijevnim oblićima. Magarci su bili ravnomjerno raspoređeni u četiri skupine te peroralno liječeni albendazolom u dozi od 10 mg/kg tjelesne mase jednokratno ili dvokratno u razmaku od dva tjedna. Ivermektinom su liječeni peroralno i to jednokratno u dozi od 200 mg/kg tjelesne mase. Ljekovit učinak bio je određen na temelju smanjenja broja jaja u izmetu dva tjedna nakon liječenja. Dokazano je bilo 100%-tno smanjenje broja jaja nakon liječenja obama pripravcima. Učinkovitost je bila dokazana i postmortalnom parazitološkom pretragom i to prebrojavanjem nezrelih i odraslih oblića. U liječenih životinja ustanovljeno je 67,9% manje nezrelih te 100% manje odraslih oblića Trichostrongylus axei. Stopostotna učinkovitost bila je dokazana za nezrele i za zrele obliće Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi te male strongilide. Nešto manja učinkovitost (98,4%) bila je dokazana za nezrele obliće Strongylus sp. Kombinacija jednokratnoga i dvokratnoga davanja albendazola s jednokratnim davanjem ivermektina pokazala je prosječno dobru učinkovitost (33%, 59,08% i 62,71%) protiv ličinki u aneurizmama na području kranijalne mezenterijske arterije. U magaraca nisu bile primijećene nikakve nuspojave nakon primjene lijekova

Evaluation of the Efficiency of N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: Cardiac diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide with increasing incidence rate per year, particularly in developing countries such as Sudan owing to urbanization and changing lifestyle. Myocardial infarction is a consequence of the imbalance between the heart blood supply and the required heart cell; this disorder leads to necrosis of myocardium and may cause death. It could be diagnosed by at least two of the following criteria: chest pain, electrocardiography (ECG) elevation, and levels on cardiac biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).  Methods: This analytical case–control hospital-based study was conducted on a total of 70 individuals, of which 40 participants were suspected of or diagnosed with AMI, while 30 healthy subjects  were included as a control group. Three ml of venous blood were collected in lithium heparin containers. Troponin I (TnI) as a cardiac biomarker was measured by TOSOH AIA-360, while the NTproBNP level was detected using I-Chroma II. Personal and clinical data were collected directly from each participant using a predesigned questionnaire. Results: A significant increase in the TnI level (mean: 13.13 ± 18.9 ng/ml) and NTproBNP (mean: 5756.5 ± 8378.2 pg/mL) in AMI patients were detected when compared with control mean (0.02 ± 0.00 ng/ml and 57.8 ± 42.32 pg/mL, respectively). Conclusions: NTproBNP gave a high sensitivity (87.5%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), and negative predictive value (85.7%) in the diagnosis of AMI when compared with another cardiac biomarker such as TnI. Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, NTproBNP, troponin I, Medani Heart Center, Suda

The genusMadurella: Molecular identification and epidemiology in Sudan

Contains fulltext : 221591.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Frequency and Distribution of Fok1rs 2228570 of Vitamin D Receptor Gene among Healthy Sudanese Population

Background: Vitamin D plays a role in critical cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell development, and division. The Fok1 polymorphism in the VRD gene is T/C resulting in larger vitamin D receptor protein with lesser expression activity. Fok1 polymorphism is thought to be linked to many diseases including diabetes mellitus, cancers, and rheumatoid arthritis. The snipe also provides effective and sensitive diagnostic and predictive tools and affected by differences in ethnicity and individuals' life style. This study reports on the frequency and distribution of Fok1 SNP among healthy Sudanese transplantation donors. Method: This cross sectional study was conduct in National Cancer Institute University of Gezira, Sudan. One hundred and forty six healthy Sudanese transplantation donors were enrolled in this study. Two ml of venous blood was collected from each participant and stored at -20 till DNA extraction. Qaigen kit was used for DNA extraction. VDR Fok1 was genotyped by CTPP-PCR with proper primers designing and PCR condition. Data was collected by structured questionnaire and analyzed by SNP Stats online tool and medical calculator. Results: According to study results theFok1 polymorphism distributed among Sudanese with percentage of 49.9% (TT + CT), frequency of SNP variants was 69.8% regarding C allele and 30.2% for T allele, while the three genotypes was 10.2% for TT, 39.7% for TC and 50.1% for CC genotype. Conclusion: The frequency of Fok1 VDR SNP was high among healthy Sudanese transplantation donors, this necessitate the conduction of wide area survey among other healthy Sudanese population. This intern will help in investigating the nature of the relation of this SNP with other different diseases. Keywords: Vitamin D, Fok1rs. 2225870, VDR SNP, Sudanes

Association of Body Mass Index with Serum Vitamin D and PSA Levels among Sudanese Prostate Cancer Patients

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. Obesity has been consistently associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the serum vitamin D and PSA levels in Sudanese Obese and Non-Obese prostate cancer (PCa) attending the National Cancer Institute. Patients and Methods: Eighty six prostate cancer patients were included in this study, they were identified by clinical examination, histopathology and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The mean age of them was 71.78 ± 8.04 years. Serum Vitamin D and PSA were measured by Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay reactions using (Cobase411, serial No: 0868-16, manufactured by Hitachi high technologies corporation, Tokyo-Japan) the Elecsys reagents kit (Roche – Germany) Results: The means of serum vitamin D levels of among  obese was 35.5 ± 15.4 ng/dL and 38.4 ± 16.2 ng/dL  among non-obese group with non-significant differences(P=0.505). No significant association was observed between PSA levels and obese and non-obese (P=0.351). Vitamin D levels non-significantly negative correlated with BMI (r = -0.031, P = 0.778) and PSA (r = -0.062, P = 0.569), but there was insignificantly Positive correlated between PSA and vitamin D level (r = 0.151, P = 0.164). Conclusion: insignificant differences between vitamin D and serum PSA with BMI, Oral supplementation is recommended for individuals with low level of vitamin D. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Body mass index, Vitamin D, PSA, Sudanese

Evaluation of the Efficiency of N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: Cardiac diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide with increasing incidence rate per year, particularly in developing countries such as Sudan owing to urbanization and changing lifestyle. Myocardial infarction is a consequence of the imbalance between the heart blood supply and the required heart cell; this disorder leads to necrosis of myocardium and may cause death. It could be diagnosed by at least two of the following criteria: chest pain, electrocardiography (ECG) elevation, and levels on cardiac biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).  Methods: This analytical case–control hospital-based study was conducted on a total of 70 individuals, of which 40 participants were suspected of or diagnosed with AMI, while 30 healthy subjects  were included as a control group. Three ml of venous blood were collected in lithium heparin containers. Troponin I (TnI) as a cardiac biomarker was measured by TOSOH AIA-360, while the NTproBNP level was detected using I-Chroma II. Personal and clinical data were collected directly from each participant using a predesigned questionnaire. Results: A significant increase in the TnI level (mean: 13.13 ± 18.9 ng/ml) and NTproBNP (mean: 5756.5 ± 8378.2 pg/mL) in AMI patients were detected when compared with control mean (0.02 ± 0.00 ng/ml and 57.8 ± 42.32 pg/mL, respectively). Conclusions: NTproBNP gave a high sensitivity (87.5%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), and negative predictive value (85.7%) in the diagnosis of AMI when compared with another cardiac biomarker such as TnI. Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, NTproBNP, troponin I, Medani Heart Center, Suda

MERS-CoV in Camels but Not Camel Handlers, Sudan, 2015 and 2017

We tested samples collected from camels, camel workers, and other animals in Sudan and Qatar in 2015 and 2017 for evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. MERS-CoV antibodies were abundant in Sudan camels, but we found no evidence of MERS-CoV infection in camel workers, other livestock, or bats