Comparison of Microleakage of MTA and CEM Cement Apical Plugs in Three Different Media

Introduction: Microleakage is of the causes of endodontic treatment failure. The aim of this in vitro study, was to compare the microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement apical plugs in three environments. Methods and Materials: A total of 130 human extracted single rooted teeth were collected. After decoronation, preparation of the root canal space and simulation of open apices, 5 teeth were selected as positive and negative control groups and the rest of the samples were randomly divided into two groups (MTA plug and CEM cement plug) and each group was divided into 3 subgroups (dry, contaminated with saliva and contaminated with blood). In each group apical plug was placed into the canal. After full setting of the apical plug, microleakage of the samples were evaluated using fluid filtration method and the data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. Results: In dry and saliva contaminated environments, the leakage of MTA samples were 40.906±2.081 and 39.608±2.081, respectively which was significantly more than that of CEM cement samples (26.977±2.081 and 27.000±2.081, respectively). However, in blood-contaminated environments, the amount of leakage in MTA group (21.640±2.081) was significantly lower than CEM cement group (44.358±2.081). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in dry and saliva-contaminated conditions CEM cement provides significantly better seal in comparison to MTA.Keywords: Calcium-Enriched Mixture Cement; Microleakage; Mineral Trioxide Aggregat

Association between mandibular second molars calcification stages in the panoramic images and cervical vertebral maturity in the lateral cephalometric images

Determination of maturation and evaluation of growth potential is extremely important in clinical orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the mandibular second molar calcification stages for identification of growth phases. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, samples were derived from panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 125 subjects (61 males and 64 females) with age ranging from 8 to 17 years and estimates of dental maturity (Demirjian Index [DI]) and skeletal maturity (Cervical vertebral maturation indicators CVMI]) were made. Correlations between DI and CVMI were shown by Spearman?s correlation. The diagnostic performance of the DI for the identification of the growth phase were evaluated using positive likelihood ratios (LHRs), with a threshold of ?10 for satisfactory performance. Correlations between second molar calcification and growth phase were 0.819 for females and 0.805 for males (P-value< 0.0001). LHR ?10 was only observed for the identification of the post-pubertal growth phase for the H stage of the second molar. In spite of the high correlation coefficients between mandibular second molar calcification stages and skeletal maturity, these stages are reliable only for the identification of the post pubertal growth phase

Evaluating the Accuracy of Two Microleakage Assessment Methods for Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-enriched Mixture Cement

Introduction: Multiple methods for evaluating microleakage have been introduced over the years, but there has been no agreement as to which technique will give more accurate results. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and results of fluid filtration and marginal adaptation methods for mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement apical plugs. Methods and Materials: A total of 250 single-rooted human teeth were collected. The teeth were decoronated, the root canals were prepared and open apex condition was stimulated by passing #1 to 4 Peeso Reamer drills from apical foramen. Five teeth were selected as the positive and negative controls and the rest of the samples were randomly allocated to two groups of MTA and CEM cement plugs. In each group, apical plug was placed into the canal. After the apical plugs were completely set, microleakage and marginal adaptation of the samples were evaluated using fluid filtration method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The obtained results were analyzed by independent-samples t test. Results: Gap between plug and dentin walls and air bubbles displacement was higher in MTA group compared to the CEM cement group, though this difference between MTA group and CEM cement group was not statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that there is a direct relationship between the two methods of microleakage assessment. Keywords: Calcium-enriched Mixture Cement; Marginal Adaptation; Microleakage; Mineral Trioxide Aggregat

FREQUENCY AND PREDICTOR FACTORS OF IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS

Abstract. Objective: Referral pains are one of the most common challenges which dentists are faced with them during diagnosis and before treatment. Pain referral can take place in tooth and other craniofacial structures and influence the diagnostic process. The present study was accomplished to evaluate the prevalence of irreversible pulpitis in patients refferd to Endodontic department of dental school of shahid Sadoughi University in 2017 with chief complaint of pain. Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional type of study conducted on 100 patients(21 males and 79 females) refferd to Endodontic department of dental school of shahid Sadoughi University in 2017 with chief complaint of pain.Informed consent was taken from patients. Data obtained from medical history, dentistry history, clinical examinations, and radiography were recorded in questionnaire developed for this purpose. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS18 software, Chi-square and Fisher exact test. Results: In the present research, the prevalence of irreversible pulpitis was obtained to be 77%. This prevalence in female was significantly more than males (P-value = 0.021). Patients with irreversible pulpit significantly reported more severe pain (p-value=0.000) and pain at the real site (p-value=0.028).The frequency of irreversible pulpitis showed no significant correlation with age and type of pain (P-value&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Considering the findings of this research, the prevalence of irreversible pulpitis in patients refferd to Endodontic department of dental school of shahid Sadoughi University in 2017 with chief complaint of pain was three times more than that of other diseases. This frequency showed significant relationship with factors of gender, pain severity, and the pain feeling site.Keywords: Irreversible pulpitis, pain, root canal treatment

Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Parenting Style with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 6 - 15 Years

Introduction: The child's relationship with the dentist is the product of complex interactions between the patient, parents, and the dentist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence and parenting style on the child's dental anxiety and fear. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the patients aged 6 to 15 years with their parents who referred to Shahid Sadoughi Dental School in Yazd were selected through simple method. The MCDAS and CFSS-DS questionnaires were used to measure anxiety and fear, respectively, and the level of emotional intelligence and parenting style were measured by the Shering and Baumrind questionnaires, respectively. Data were analyzed via SPSS16, and T_Test, ANOVA were utilized. Results: Out of 120 participants, 39 were boys and 81 were girls. The mean age range of the children was 9.31 ± 2.46 years and parents' mean age was 37.60 ± 4.82. There was no significant relationship between parenting style and child's dental fear and anxiety (P=0.492 and P=0.769, respectively) and between parent's emotional intelligence and child's dental anxiety (P=0.053), but there was an inverse and significant relationship between parent's emotional intelligence and child's dental fear (r=0.274 and P=0.003). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the parenting style has no significant relationship with child's dental fear and anxiety and also the parent's emotional intelligence with the child's dental anxiety, but the parent's emotional intelligence has an inverse and significant relationship with the child's dental fear