FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT : A CONTRIBUTING AGENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH - STUDY OF SELECTED ASIAN COUNTRIES

It has been a self-proclaimed fact that financial development boosts economic growth in the short as well as in the long run. This particular study has taken financial development indicators from banking and secondary market perspectives into consideration. We find the banking sector more prominent and more influential in contrast to secondary markets as by revealed their coefficients. The study adopts financial deepening, foreign direct investment, banking credit to private sector, stock market size, stock market efficiency and stock market liquidity as independent variables along with economic growth as dependent variables. All the variables except banking credit to private sector have a significant and positive relationship with economic growth. Results show that financial development affects economic growth positively. Financial deepening, stock market liquidity and foreign direct investment have only one way causality while stock market size has two-way causality

ECONOMIC VALUE ADDITION IMPLICATIONS: A STUDY OF THE PAKISTANI BANKING INDUSTRY

Human beings are mostly concerned about value additionin almost every aspect of life. Does this reality prove accurate insecondary markets investment? This empirical study deals with theEconomic Value Addition of major seventeen banks of Pakistanincluding national and public limited banks. In this research, ROE,ROCE, and OCF are taken as parameters of profitability whilemarketability parameters are PE and MB ratio. Two sample t-testsshow that a new banks value creation is more in comparison withold banks in the context of EVA. Private and Government bank arenot significantly different in EVA. Fixed effect modeling and Clusterestimation infer that Profitability parameters positively impact EVA.Marketability parameter MB positively impacts EVA while PE ratiois statistically insignificant. Correlation analysis shows thatinvestors of the banking sector in Pakistan do not pay specialattention to EVA in their investment decisions

Effectiveness of NA External Fixator with T-clamp in treating Open proximal and Distal Fractures of Tibia

Objective: To compare the outcomes of the open proximal and distal fractures of tibia treated by Nasser Awais External Fixator with T-clamp. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of orthopaedics Nishtar hospital, Multan in one year duration from July 2016 to July 2017. Study was started after ethical approval from hospital ethical board. Collected data of all patients was entered in SPSS software version 23 and analyzed. Mean and SD was calculated for quantitative data like age, frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative data gender. Chi square was applied to see association of outcome variables with other variables and confounder. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Overall, there were 100% (n=180) patients; 50% (n=90) in each of the two groups. Clinical results were excellent in 88.9% (n=80) patients, good in 7.8% (n=7) patients and fair in 3.3% (n=3) patients in group A. While, in group B, the clinical results were excellent in 83.3% (n=75) patients, good in 10% (n=9) patients and fair in 6.7% (n=6) patients. No association was found between clinical results and the groups (χ2= 1.411 DF = 2, P value=0.494). Conclusion: Nasser Awais External Fixator with T-Clamp is a safe and effective technique that enhances the union rate with a low complication rate with less union time in distal tibial fracture compared to proximal fracture. Keywords: NAEF, Tibia, Open proximal, T Clamp, External Fixator.

The Relationship among Directors' Pay, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Financial Sector of Pakistan

This research empirically examines the effect of firms' performance and corporate governance attributes on directors' pay. To attain the objective, the data for the period from 2007 to 2014 are retrieved from annual reports of 52 listed financial firms. Return on assets and return on equity are utilized to measure performance. Board size, board independence, board ownership and CEO duality are employed as corporate governance practices. Using the random effect model, the performance has positively related to directors’ pay, but level of significance is sensitive across performance proxies. The board independence has negatively significantly influenced the directors' pay. However, board ownership significantly positively influenced the directors’ pay. Furthermore, board size and CEO duality both have not significantly associated with directors’ pay

The Relationship between Knowledge Management Practices and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Banking Sector of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

The main objective of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between knowledge management practices and organizational performance in the banking sector of districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Target population of the study was all the employees providing customer services of all banks located in the districts of Punjab province of Pakistan. Simple random sampling was used to select an appropriate and truly representative sample. Sample size of this research was 306 and out of 306 questionnaires, 291 were useful for the purpose of this research and hence making our response rate 95%. The reliability of data was tested by Cronbach’s alpha and regression analysis was used for testing of hypotheses. All the hypotheses of the study were accepted which stated that information technology, organizational elements and knowledge have positive relationship with organizational performance and further this relationship was statistically significant. This study has been conducted in the banking industry which bars to generalize the results of this research to other business settings. The findings of this kind of study are possibly useful to decision making bodies within the Banking services and it is also helpful for the government policy makers to develop policies for the better operations of banking sector with the aim of growing banking industry. This study makes a contribution in knowledge management literature by empirically investigating the impact of knowledge management practices on organizational performance

On the flow of MHD generalized maxwell fluid via porous rectangular duct

Abstract The purpose of this proposed investigation is to study unsteady magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) mixed initial-boundary value problem for incompressible fractional Maxwell fluid model via oscillatory porous rectangular duct. Considering the modified Darcy's law, the problem is simplified by using the method of the double finite Fourier sine and Laplace transforms. As a limiting case of the general solutions, the same results can be obtained for the classical Maxwell fluid. Also, the impact of magnetic parameter, porosity of medium, and the impact of various material parameters on the velocity profile and the corresponding tangential tensions are illuminated graphically. At the end, we will give the conclusion of the whole paper

A Socioeconomic Characteristics and Health Problems of Trash Picking Children in Karachi

Trash picking is one of the humiliating and hazardous works which is also done by the children and now it has become a susceptible form of child labour. Present study identifies the main factors responsible for the trash picking and which kind of health issues these trash picking children are facing while picking trash from the dump of heap in the context of socio economic activities. Present study was conducted in seven towns each from two district of Karachi, district south and district central Karachi. A sample of 200 TPC aged 6-17 years was selects to investigate the objective of the study. Data was collected through well structure interview schedule questionnaire because respondents were illiterate. Non probability sampling technique was adopted for these trash picking children. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the selected sample of the study. The present study investigated that 64% trash picking children were illiterate while 43% of these children belong to the afghan ethnic group who have migrated from the neighbouring country Afghanistan. About 63% and 51.5% of TPC responded that they belong from nuclear family structure and secondly getting meal twice a day is main factor responsible for trash picking respectively. Getting meal twice a day, forefather occupation, nuclear family structure and unemployment of father were 51.5%, 24.0%, 63.5% and 12% respectively main factors responsible for trash picking.. In present study about 32%, 20%, 4%, & 20% TPC were facing the diseases of skin problem, digestion problem, cough and respiratory problem respectively.Rest of the other Diseases which these TPC were facing they are back & joint pain, fever/headache and tuberculosis as well. Due to poor economic condition these TPC even cannot afford the medical treatment of their diseases so almost 36% of the respondents said that they get self medication, when they face any disease and 33% respondents explored that they get treatment from the government hospitals. It is suggested that education should be free and hunger should be addressed properly to meet their food needs

Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Heat Stress for Sustainability of Soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> L. Merr.) Production under the Changing Climate

Increasing ambient temperature is a major climatic factor that negatively affects plant growth and development, and causes significant losses in soybean crop yield worldwide. Thus, high temperatures (HT) result in less seed germination, which leads to pathogenic infection, and decreases the economic yield of soybean. In addition, the efficiency of photosynthesis and transpiration of plants are affected by high temperatures, which have negative impact on the physio-biochemical process in the plant system, finally deteriorate the yield and quality of the affected crop. However, plants have several mechanisms of specific cellular detection of HT stress that help in the transduction of signals, producing the activation of transcription factors and genes to counteract the harmful effects caused by the stressful condition. Among the contributors to help the plant in re-establishing cellular homeostasis are the applications of organic stimulants (antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and hormones), which enhance the productivity and quality of soybean against HT stress. In this chapter, we summarized the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of soybean plants at various growth stages under HT. Furthermore, it also depicts the mitigation strategies to overcome the adverse effects of HT on soybean using exogenous applications of bioregulators. These studies intend to increase the understanding of exogenous biochemical compounds that could reduce the adverse effects of HT on the growth, yield, and quality of soybean

Maize Adaptability to Heat Stress under Changing Climate

The rapidly increasing human population is an alarming issue and would need more food production under changing climate. Abiotic stresses like heat stress and temperature fluctuation are becoming key issues to be addressed for boosting crop production. Maize growth and productivity are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Grain yield losses in maize from heat stress are expected to increase owing to higher temperatures during the growing season. This situation demands the development of maize hybrids tolerant to heat and drought stresses without compromising grain yield under stress conditions. The chapter aimed to assess the updates on the influence of high-temperature stress (HTS) on the physio-biochemical processes in plants and to draw an association between yield components and heat stress on maize. Moreover, exogenous applications of protectants, antioxidants, and signaling molecules induce HTS tolerance in maize plants and could help the plants cope with HTS by scavenging reactive oxygen species, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and protection of cellular membranes by the accrual of compatible osmolytes. It is expected that a better thought of the physiological basis of HTS tolerance in maize plants will help to develop HTS maize cultivars. Developing HTS-tolerant maize varieties may ensure crops production sustainability along with promoting food and feed security under changing climate