Use of Mulberry Pomace As Substrate For Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus Niger Mt-4

DergiPark: 670859trkjnatDut posası (DP), geleneksel bir Türk yiyeceği olan pekmez'in üretiminden sonra ortaya çıkan bir atık maddedir. Bu çalışma, Aspergillus niger MT-4 ile sitrik asit (SA) üretimi için DP’nin substrat olarak kullanılabilirliğini test etmek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, SA üretimini artırmak için bazı kültür koşulları da optimize edilmiştir. MP’nin nem, toplam karbonhidrat, suda-çözünür karbonhidrat, protein, lipid ve kül içerikleri sırasıyla %31,1; 47,1; 1,3; 13,4; 1,8 ve 1,4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneyler, üretim besiyerinin 100 ml’sini içeren 250 ml'lik erlenler içerisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hem fungal biyokütle (FB) hem de SA üretimi için optimum DP konsantrasyonu, 120 gr/lt olarak belirlenmiştir. DP bazlı ortama eklenen tüm KH2PO4 konsantrasyonlarının SA üretimini azalttığı fakat FB üretimini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. SA üretimi için MgSO4 ve (NH4)2SO4’ün optimal konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 1 ve 2 gr/lt olarak bulunmuştur. Diğer optimal parametreler, başlangıç pH'sı 7,0 ve inkübasyon süresi 5 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimize edilmiş kültür koşulları altında, üretilen SA miktarı 24,6 gr/lt olarak belirlenmiştir. Beşinci günde, Yp/s; Yp/x ve Yx/s sırasıyla 0,2 gr SA/gr DP; 1,43 gr SA/gr FB ve 0,14 gr FB/gr DP olarak hesaplanmıştır. DP'nin SA dahil mikrobiyal metabolitlerin üretimi için fermentasyon substratı olarak kullanılabilirliği ilk kez bu çalışmada test edilmiştir.Mulberry pomace (MP) is a waste material obtained after the production of pekmez, a traditional Turkish food. This study was performed to test the usability of MP as substrate for citric acid (CA) production by Aspergillus niger MT-4 for the first time. In the study, some culture conditions were also optimized to increase CA production in MP-based medium. Moisture, total carbohydrate, water-soluble carbohydrate, protein, lipid and ash contents of MP were determined as 31.1, 47.1, 1.3, 13.4, 1.8 and 1.4%, respectively. Experiments were carried out in 250 mL flasks containing 100 mL of production medium. Optimal MP concentration for both fungal biomass (FB) and CA production was determined as 120 g/L. All concentrations of KH2PO4 added to MP-based medium were found to decrease CA production but increase FB production. Optimal concentrations of MgSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 for CA production were found as 1 and 2 g/L, respectively. The other optimal parameters were determined as an initial pH of 7.0 and an incubation period of 5 days. Under the optimized culture conditions, the amount of CA produced was determined as 24.6 g/L. On day 5, Yp/s, Yp/x and Yx/s were calculated as 0.2 g CA/g MP, 1.43 g CA/g FB and 0.14 g FB/g MP, respectively.

A Comparison of high viscosity and low viscosity bone cement vertebroplasty for severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Introduction: Our aim in this clinical trial was to compare the safety and efficacy of highviscosity cement (HVC) with low-viscosity cement (LVC) for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebrae fractures in terms of pain, functional capacity and cement leakage in the percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure (PVP). Methods: From March 2013 to February 2015, 76 patients with vertebrae compression fracture who were admitted into hospital and treated with PVP were reviewed. Pre- and postoperative clinical characteristics of each patient were obtained by using The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score to evaluate back pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) as a functional assessment. Cement leakage,injected cement volume and the complications assessed due to medical records. Results: VAS and ODI scores improved (P0.05).Paravertebral cement leakage was significantly higher in the LVC group (P<0.05). Pulmonary cement embolism was also significantly higher in LVC group (P<0.05). Conclusion: HVC had lower complication rates with similar clinical results in the comparison with LVC.Publisher's Versio

Surgical treatment of preschool childhood spinal thoracic tuberculosis: Two case reports and technical note

Background: The development of paraplegia and kyphosis are two important problems related to spinal tuberculosis (Pott’s disease) in children. The current study aims to present two pediatric Pott’s disease, point out the progression of this disease in children, surgical options and surgical outcomes.Materials and methods: Two cases of childhood Pott’s disease were referred to our department with progressive neurological deficits (both of children were experienced bilateral weakness in lower extremities; grade C according to Frankel scale) during short periods (less than one month per each). Both cases’ MRIs are demonstrated abscesses in thoracic spine. Both patients are treated surgically. We discussed in this study the technical notes in both cases, especially in 2-year-old child.Results: Both cases were treated surgically after decompressing nerve roots and thecal sac posterior instrumentation was applied. Microbiological examination of both samples revealed on M.Tuberculosis. Orthoses are applied three months after operations. Antituberculosis medication protocol was applied. Preoperative paraparesis had recovered completely and muscle strengths all returned to normal in both children. There is no loss of correction during the follow-up periods.Conclusion: Spinal tuberculosis is a dynamic disease that may lead to severe deformities in childhood. Especially in cases where two or more vertebrae are affected, early surgical treatment is essential to prevent severe kyphosis. Surgical intervention accompanied with antituberculosis medications protocol is essential to cure treatment in pediatric population. In children aged ?6 years and more than one vertebrae were affected, f?bula can be used to allow growth of the child vertebral column

Surgical treatment of preschool childhood spinal thoracic tuberculosis: two case reports and technical note

Background: The development of paraplegia and kyphosis are two important problems related to spinal tuberculosis (Pott’s disease) in children. The current study aims to present two pediatric Pott’s disease, point out the progression of this disease in children, surgical options and surgical outcomes

The results of the lumbar microscopic discectomy

Lomber diskektomi en sık yapılan spinal cerrahi ameliyatıdır, uzun dönem sonuçları iyidir ve yüksek hasta memnuniyeti ile birliktedir. Bu çalışmada, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji kliniğimizde mikrodiskektomi yöntemiyle opere edilen hastaların sonuçlarını tartışmayı amaçladık. 2010-2012 yılları arasında diskektomi yöntemi ile tedavi edilen 38 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm hastalar standart mikroskopik diskektomi tekniğine uygun olarak tek bir cerrah tarafından ameliyat edildi. Sonuçlarımız kabul edilen cerrahi endikasyonlar dahilinde standart lomber mikrodiskektominin konservatif tedaviye dirençli radiküler bacak ağrısı tedavisinde efektif bir metod olduğunu desteklemektedir. Bel ve bacak ağrısı olan ve radyolojik olarak lomber disk hernisi bulguları tespit edilen hastalar konservatif ve cerrahi tedavinin tüm yöntemleri ile ortopedi kliniklerinde spinal cerrahlar tarafından tedavi edilmektedir.Lumbar discectomy is the most common spinal surgical procedure and long-term outcomes of the procedure are favorable, with high patient satisfaction. This article presents the outcome of patients treated by lumbar microdiscectomy in our orthopaedic and traumatology department. Clinical records were obtained for 38 patients who underwent discectomy for LDH between 2010 and 2012. Surgery was performed by one surgeon using standardized techniques of standard microdiscectomy. Our findings reinforce the accepted surgical indications for lumbar microdiscectomy as effective treatment for radicular leg pain recalcitrant to nonoperative management. Patients who have back and low back pain with the significant radiological signs of lumbar disc herniation can be treated with all treatment modalities of conservative and surgical treratment by spinal surgeons in orthopaedic departments

Treatment of thoracic disc herniations with posterior transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion

Giriş: Torakal disk hernileri (TDH)'nin tedavisi servikal ve lomber disk hernilerine oranla daha az görülmelerine bağlı olarak hala tartışmalıdır. Bu retrospektif çalışmanın amacı TDH nedeni ile posterior transforaminal torasik interbody füzyon (TTIF) ve diskektomi ile birlikte posterior enstrümantasyon ve füzyon yapılan hastaların sonuçlarını açıklamaktır.Metot: TDH'ne bağlı kronik ağrı şikayeti nedeni ile TTIF yöntemiyle tedavisi yapılan ve en az 1 yıllık takibi olan 10 hasta çalışmaya dâhil edildi. 10 hastadan bir tanesinde iki seviyeli TDH mevcuttu. Diskler santral ve parasantral olarak sınıflandırıldı. Cerrahi sırasındaki ortalama yaş 53.5 yıl, ortalama takip süresi 32.6 ay olarak kaydedildi. Pre- ve postoperatif ağrı durumu Visual Analog Score (VAS) sistemine göre değerlendirildi. Serimizdeki tüm hastalarda sonuçlar ve komplikasyonlar retrospektif olarak kaydedildi. Füzyon durumu düz grafi ve bilgisayarlı tomografi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar: Tüm hastalarda takip süresinin sonunda radyolojik olarak füzyon elde edildi. Hiçbir hastada enstrüman yetmezliği saptanmadı. Ortalama VAS skoru preoperatif 7.4, postoperatif 1.9 olarak saptandı. Bir hastada postoperatif yara yeri enfeksiyonu gelişti ve cerrahi debridman ile tamamen iyileşti. Çıkarım: Transforaminal torasik interbody füzyon ve segmental enstrümantasyon eşzamanlı dekompresyon ve stabilizasyonu temin eden ve tüm TDH tiplerinde uygulanabilen efektif bir metottur.Introduction: Treatment of thoracic disc herniations (TDH) remains controversial due to its lower incidence than herniations in the cervical or lumbar spine. The objectives of this retrospective study are to demonstrate the surgical outcomes of the patients with TDH undergoing posterior transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion (TTIF) and discectomy with posterior instrumentation and fusion.Materials and methods: We enrolled 10 patients who underwent TTIF for chronic pain due to TDH and were followed for at least 1 year. Of the 10 patients, one had TDHs at two levels. Discs were classified as central or paracentral. The mean age at surgery was 53.5 years and the average period of follow up was 32.6 months. The pre- and postoperative pain status was evaluated according to the Visual Analog Score (VAS). Outcomes and complications were retrospectively assessed in this patient series. Status of fusion was evaluated using plain radiographs and computed tomography.Results: None of the patients with follow-up showed any signs of instrument migration or failure, and each went on to radiographic fusion. Average pre- and postoperative VAS scores were 7.4 and 1.9 points. One patient developed postoperative wound infection requiring additional operative debridement. Conclusions: A transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion combined with segmental fusion offers a means of achieving concurrent decompression and segmental stabilization and is an option for certain subtypes of TDH

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF A CHILLEA NOBILIS SUBSP SIPYLEA AND ALCEA APTEROCARPA (FENZL) BOISS, ENDEMIC PLANTS IN TURKEY

The present study was designed for the comparison of the antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of different extracts obtained from Achillea nobilis subsp. sipylea and Alcea apterocarpa (FENZL) BOISS, which are two endemic species for the flora of Turkey. Plants were extracted using various solvents with different polarities by four extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction, maceration, infusion, decoction). Antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-iphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and Folin Ciocalteu reagent was used to estimate total phenolic compounds in plant extracts. The results indicated that, infusion and decoction of A. nobilis subsp. sipylea exhibited relatively strong antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 61.0 mu g/m1 and 83.1 mu g/ml, respectively among all plant extracts. Similarly, total phenolic contents of infusion (139 +/- 2.78 mg GAE/g) and decoction (137 +/- 6.09 mg GAE/g) extracts of A. nobilis subsp. sipylea were found to be highest among all extracts. Although all extracts of A. apterocarpa showed varying degrees of antioxidant activity, these activities were found to be rather weak compared to A. nobilis subsp. sipylea extracts. The present results have demonstrated that, the extracts of A. nobilis subsp. sipylea and A. apterocarpa can be regarded as promising candidates for natural plant sources of antioxidants

Comprehensive LC‐MS/MS phenolic profiling of Arum elongatum plant and bioaccessibility of phenolics in their infusions

Abstract Arum elongatum has various bioactive compounds including phenolic acids and flavonoids that may have beneficial effects on human health. The main objectives of this study were to determine the phenolic profile of the A. elongatum plant together with the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total antioxidant capacities of A. elongatum infusions throughout gastrointestinal digestion. The samples used in the present study were obtained from two cities (C1 and C2) in Türkiye. According to the results, while the primary compounds found in sample C1 were vanillic acid (51.29 ± 2.61 ng/mg), p‐coumaric acid (48.36 ± 2.84 ng/mg) and O‐coumaric acid (156.02 ± 0.67 ng/mg); chlorogenic acid (50.63 ± 0.65 ng/mg), scutellarin (144.34 ± 0.74 ng/mg), and O‐coumaric acid (53.34 ± 0.97 ng/mg) were the major compounds in C2 sample showing the differences between different locations. In addition to these, although both TPC and TFC values for C2 infusion (2960 ± 104 mg GAE/100 g and 397 ± 50 mg CE/100 g, respectively) were found to be higher than the infusion of sample C1, there were no significant differences between the TPC and TFC results after intestinal digestion (p > 0.05). Besides, TPC of the bioaccessible fractions of these two samples didn't show a significant difference (p > 0.05), whereas C1 infusion (202 ± 21%) presented a higher value than the C2 infusion (143 ± 12%) for their bioaccessible TFC value. Our results indicated that A. elongatum infusion may be a potential herbal tea due to its rich phenolic content, making it a suitable substitute for widely used herbal teas