A case study of a Turkish vocational high school, and the challenges for teachers

This case study reports on challenges and professional perspectives of vocational high school teachers working in a socially disadvantaged in rural Turkey. The data were gathered from 14 participants, including teachers, administrators and counsellor through individual and focus group interviews and classroom observations. The analysis found that students in Turkish vocational high schools are negatively positioned, this was evidenced in poor student engagement and the struggles of classroom management experienced by teachers. The perceived problems and needs showed some differences across teachers who provide academic and vocational courses. The findings imply that there is a need for social justice advocacy for rural vocational high school students by fostering teachers and improving the system by policy development

Üniversite Tercih Danışmanlığı Sürecinde Psikolojik Danışmanların Yaşadığı Etik Sorunlar

The purpose of this study is to investigate ethical problems experienced by counselors who serve during the university preference advising process and their coping strategies in the face of these problems. In this qualitative research study based on phenomenology design, the data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and the findings were reported by using metaphorical analysis. The sample consisted of 10 participants (80% male, 70% have a bachelor's degree and 70% have taken ethics courses in their undergraduate education) who were selected by using purposive sampling method. The participants who have been providing preference advising for at least four years and were graduated from Department of Psychology or Psychological Counseling and Guidance were included into the study. The findings were reported by using a metaphor of the ships passing through the Bosphorus. Accordingly, the preference process was associated with the passage process of ships through the Bosphorus and the ethical problems experienced during this advising process were associated with the difficulties that the ships may face with during their passage. Students who receive preference advising services were likened to the ships trying to cross the Bosphorus (on which they travel with their family and relatives), and the counselors who provide preference advising to the pilot ships guiding the other ships. In this context, it was observed that ethical problems emerged during the preference process may sometimes be caused by the pilot ship itself or sometimes by other pilot ships performing the same task. According to the findings, ethical problems raised due to pilot ships in areas such as professionalism, competence, confidentiality, respect for student autonomy, dual and multiple relationships, and professional relations with other colleagues. The results also addressed system and family-based problems that may lead to ethical problems in the preference process. It was seen that just as factors such as managerial problems, lack of crew and other resources may cause problems while ships are moving through the Bosphorus; in the preference advising process; issues related to school / institution administrators, place, wage, number of students served, the internet and social media and family may lead to ethical problems. Finally, it was seen that when counselors faced ethical problems, just as there were various methods to overcome problems faced by pilot ships, counselors used some strategies such as consulting colleagues, using available technologies, setting boundaries with the administrators, informing, self-improvement, acting for the benefit of society and being proactive. The results indicated that there is a need to develop an ethical perspective in providing career services and to reform the preference process in terms of system related factors.Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite tercih danışmanlığı sürecinde hizmet veren psikolojik danışmanların yaşadıkları etik sorunları ve bunlar karşısında izledikleri yolları araştırmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilimi desenine dayanan çalışmada, veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmış, içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş ve metaforik analiz ile raporlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi aracılığıyla belirlenmiş; en az dört yıldır tercih danışmanlığı hizmetlerini vermekte olan ve Psikoloji ve Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Bölümü mezunu 10 kişi (%80’i erkek, %70’i lisans derecesine sahip ve %70’i lisans eğitimi esnasında etik dersi almış) katılmıştır. Bulgular, gemilerin İstanbul Boğazı’ndan geçişi metaforu üzerinden aktarılmıştır. Buna göre, tercih süreci, gemilerin İstanbul Boğazı’ndan geçişi sürecine ve tercih sürecinde yaşanılan etik problemler gemilerin geçiş esnasında yaşayabilecekleri güçlüklere benzetilmiştir. Tercih danışmanlığı hizmetleri alan öğrenciler (içerisinde ailesi ve yakınları ile yolculuk ettikleri) Boğaz’dan geçmeye çalışan gemilere ve tercih danışmanlığı yapan psikolojik danışmanlar da bu gemilere rehberlik eden kılavuz gemilere benzetilmiştir. Bu bağlamda tercih sürecinde öne çıkan etik problemler bazen kılavuz geminin kendisinden, bazen de aynı görevi yapmakta olan diğer kılavuz gemilerden kaynaklı olabildiği görülmüştür. Bulgulara göre, kılavuz gemilerden kaynaklı olarak; profesyonellik, yetkinlik, gizlilik, öğrenci otonomisine saygı, ikili ve çoklu ilişkiler ve diğer meslektaşlarla profesyonel ilişki gibi alanlarda etik problemler öne çıkmıştır. Analizler ayrıca, tercih sürecinde etik problemler yaşanmasına neden olabilen sistemsel ve aile kaynaklı sorunları da ortaya koymuştur. Nasıl ki yönetsel sıkıntılar, mürettebat ve diğer kaynakların eksikliği gibi unsurlar gemilerin Boğazda ilerlemesi esnasında sorunlara neden olabilecekse, tercih danışmanlığı sürecinde de okul/kurum yönetimi, mekân, ücret, hizmet verilen öğrenci sayısı, internet ve sosyal medya ve aile ile ilgili konuların etik problemlere kaynaklık edebildiği görülmüştür. Son olarak, tıpkı sorunlarla karşılaşan kılavuz gemilerin bunların üstesinden gelmek için başvuracağı çeşitli yöntemler olması gibi, psikolojik danışmanların da etik sorunlarla karşılaştıklarında; meslektaşlara danışma, mevcut teknolojilerden yararlanma, idareye sınır koyma, bilgilendirme, kendini geliştirme, toplum yararına hareket etme ve proaktif olma gibi yollara başvurdukları görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, kariyer hizmetlerini sunmada etik bir bakış açısı geliştirilmesine ve tercih sürecinin sistemsel açıdan iyileştirilmesine yönelik ihtiyaçlara işaret etmiştir

Unilateral primary adrenal B-cell lymphoma clinically mimicking chronic gastritis

Background: Primary adrenal lymphomas are a very rare type of extranodal lymphoma, and they usually are found bilaterally. Symptoms of the disease are variable and depend on the type of lymphoma and/or presence of adrenal insufficiency. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best radiologic modality for differentiating lymphomas from other adrenal malignancies; however, histopathology is considered as the gold standard method for diagnosing extranodal lymphomas. Case Report: We present a case of unilateral adrenal lymphoma that was initially diagnosed as an infectious disease and chronic gastritis, based on clinical and laboratory findings. Ultrasonography detected an adrenal mass, and magnetic resonance imaging excluded common lesions of the adrenal gland and showed lymphadenopathy around the major vessels of the abdomen. A percutaneous biopsy of the mass and bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of primary adrenal lymphoma withoutbone marrow metastasis. Conclusions: Extranodal lymphomas can occur in almost every organ, and if nonspecific clinical findings are combined with the presence of a solid organ mass, lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosi

Özerklik desteği ve çocukların okula bağlılığı: motivasyonun aracılık rolü

The present study examined the mediating role of motivation in the association between autonomy support and children's school attachment. The study participants consisted of 437 primary school students (232 girls and 205 boys) selected from six schools in a province located in Turkey's southeast region. A hypothesized model was developed and tested by structural equation modeling on cross-sectional data. The data were collected via The School Attachment Scale for Children and Adolescents, The Scale for Motivation in Education, and The Short Form of the Learning Climate Scale. The results indicated that autonomy support had an indirect effect on school attachment through internal motivation. Contrary to these findings, it has been determined that neither identified external motivation nor introjected external motivation affected attachment to the school's directly and indirectlyBu çalışmada, özerklik desteği ile çocukların okula bağlanması arasındaki ilişkide motivasyonun aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan bir ildeki altı okuldan seçilen 437 ilkokul öğrencisi (232 kız ve 205 erkek) oluşturmuştur. Kesitsel veriler üzerinde yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile varsayımsal bir model geliştirilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Veriler Çocuklar ve Ergenler için Okula Bağlanma Ölçeği, Eğitimde Motivasyon Ölçeği ve Öğrenme İklimi Ölçeği Kısa Formu ile toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, özerklik desteğinin içsel motivasyon yoluyla okula bağlanma üzerinde dolaylı bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulguların aksine, ne özdeşleşmiş dışsal motivasyonun ne de içselleştirilmiş dışsal motivasyonun okula bağlanmayı doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkilemediği belirlenmiştir

Autonomy Support and Children's School Attachment: Motivation as a Mediator [Özerklik Desteǧi ve Çocuklarin Okula Baǧliliǧi: Motivasyonun Aracilik Rolü]

The present study examined the mediating role of motivation in the association between autonomy support and children's school attachment. The study participants consisted of 437 primary school students (232 girls and 205 boys) selected from six schools in a province located in Turkey's southeast region. A hypothesized model was developed and tested by structural equation modeling on cross-sectional data. The data were collected via The School Attachment Scale for Children and Adolescents, The Scale for Motivation in Education, and The Short Form of the Learning Climate Scale. The results indicated that autonomy support had an indirect effect on school attachment through internal motivation. Contrary to these findings, it has been determined that neither identified external motivation nor introjected external motivation affected attachment to the school's directly and indirectly. © 2021 The authors. All right reserved

School Counseling and Guidance Programs: Examination of Career Adaptabilities

The role of school counseling has become prominent in supporting the youth for their future career and the business world, according to the requirements of 21st century and its emerging challenges such as Industry 4.0. Along with this, it will be a proactive attempt if school counseling curriculums aim to support some crucial competencies like career adaptability in responding the requirements of our era. This study examined annual school counseling programs to assess whether they include interventions enhancing career adaptability of students. By using maximum variation sampling, eight high schools that represented different school types and districts of Gaziantep were selected. Using a coding schema based on Career Construction Theory, the programs were analyzed via a computer-assisted program of Maxqda 12. The results revealed that the programs mostly included the interventions regarding Curiosity (n=265, %58), especially for self and occupational exploration. Next, Concern (n=161, %35) including preparing for future and orientation to future, Confidence (n=29, %6) including problem solving were observed, consecutively. However, Control (n=3, %1) and its descriptors were almost absent in the programs. The findings implied that school counseling programs should be enriched to promote the 21st skills, especially for decidedness, the sense of control over career future, persistence, autonomy and confidence, in order to support the youth in constructing their careers

Effect of final irrigation with sodium hypochlorite at different temperatures on postoperative pain level and antibacterial activity: a randomized controlled clinical study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of final irrigation of root canals with NaOCl solution at different temperatures on postoperative pain level and antimicrobial activity. Methodology: 45 patients were randomly divided into three groups using a web program according to the irrigation selected: NaOCl 2ºC, NaOCl 25ºC and NaOCl 45ºC. First root canal samples were collected before treatment (S1). After chemo-mechanical preparation, final irrigation was performed with the selected irrigant (NaOCl 2ºC, NaOCl 25ºC and NaOCl 45ºC) and second samples were collected (S2). Samples were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the levels of total bacteria. The root canal treatments were completed and the participants were given instructions to record postoperative pain levels at 24, 48 and 72 hours, 5 days and 1 week after treatment using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: The reduction in the number of total bacterial cell equivalents from S1 to S2 was statistically significant in all groups (p<0.001). The NaOCl 2˚C group reported significantly less postoperative pain than the NaOCl 45˚C group (p<0.05). Postoperative analgesic intake was significantly higher in the NaOCl 45˚C group than in the NaOCl 2˚C group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that final irrigation with NaOCl at different temperatures results in similar antibacterial effectiveness. Final irrigation with cold NaOCl (2˚C) is better than NaOCl 45˚C when comparing postoperative pain levels

The utility of ADC measurement techniques for differentiation of low- and high-grade clear cell RCC

Purpose: To evaluate the diffusion properties of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) concerning their Fuhrman nuclear grades and sizes, and to compare the diagnostic performance of two ROI placement techniques for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement (entire mass vs. only the darkest region of the mass). Material and methods: Fifty-one ccRCC were enrolled in the study and grouped into low-grade ccRCC (Fuhrman grade 1 and 2, n = 37) and high-grade ccRCC (Fuhrman grade 3 and 4, n = 14). Selective ADC (Sel-ADC) measurement was performed by placing a circular ROI that included the darkest region of the tumour on ADC map images. Extensive ADC (Ext-ADC) measurement was performed by drawing an ROI that covered the entire tumour. Results: The Sel-ADC value was lower in high-grade ccRCC (p = 0.019), whereas the Ext-ADC value did not show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.42). Sel-ADC value of a ≤ 1.405 mm2/s has a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy value of 78.6, 72.2, 73.87, 77.13, and 75.4, respectively, to differentiate high-grade from low-grade ccRCC. The size and Fuhrman grade of the ccRCC were inversely correlated with the Sel-ADC value; however, the correlations were weak (r = -0.322, p = 0.021 and r = -0.376, p = 0.006, respectively). There was no difference between ADC values of small (≤ 4 cm) and large (> 4 cm) ccRCCs. Conclusions: The ADC value of the darkest region in solid part of the ccRCC may play a role in predicting the nuclear grade of ccRCC

The Phenolics and Antioxidant Properties of Black and Purple versus White Eggplant Cultivars

The total phenolic content, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of black (Aydin Siyahi), purple (Kadife Kemer) and white (Trabzon Kadife) eggplants grown in Turkey were subjected to a comparative investigation. The black cultivar exhibited the highest total phenolic (17,193 and 6552 mg gallic acid equivalent/kg fw), flavonoid (3019 and 1160 quercetin equivalent/kg fw) and anthocyanin (1686 and 6167 g delphinidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent/kg fw) contents in crude extracts of the peel and pulp. The majority of the caffeic acid was identified in the ester (2830 mg/kg fw) and ester-bound (2594 mg/kg fw) forms in the peel of ‘Kadife Kemer’ and in the glycoside form (611.9 mg/kg fw) in ‘Aydin Siyahi’, as well as in the pulp of these two eggplants. ‘Kadife Kemer’ (purple eggplant) contained the majority of the chlorogenic acid in free form (27.55 mg/kg fw), compared to ‘Aydin Siyahi’ in the ester (7.82 mg/kg fw), glycoside (294.1 mg/kg dw) and ester-bound (2.41 mg/kg fw) forms. The eggplant cultivars (peel and pulp, mg/kg fw) exhibited a relatively high delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside concentration in the peel of ‘Aydin Siyahi’ (avg. 1162), followed by ‘Kadife Kemer’ (avg. 336.6), and ‘Trabzon Kadife’ (avg. 215.1). The crude phenolic extracts of the eggplants exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity values (peel and pulp, µmoL Trolox equivalent/kg fw) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 8156 and 2335) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, 37,887 and 17,648). The overall results indicate that black and purple eggplants are the cultivars with greater potential benefits in terms of their phenolics and antioxidant values than the white eggplant