Efficiënte keten: Preventie van reststromen: Rapportage 2017/2018

Deze rapportage heeft betrekking op de eerste twee onderzoeksjaren van het publiek-private samenwerking (PPS) project ‘Efficiënte keten, preventie reststromen’ (2017/2018). De ambitie van dit PPS-project is om derving (verspilling) in de biologische agrifood-keten te voorkomen, en daar waar reststromen ontstaan de kansen voor het vermarkten van deze reststromen te vergroten. Binnen dit PPS-project is sprake van twee onderzoekslijnen. Onderzoekslijn A richt zich op de preventie van derving in biologische winkels, en van de derving bij de primaire producenten. Onderzoekslijn B richt zich op het vermarkten van reststromen uit de biologische aardappelen, groenten en fruit (agf) keten, in eerste instantie van producten die afwijkend zijn qua vorm en grootte en om die reden worden afgekeurd voor verkoop via de gebruikelijke afzetkanalen. Bedrijfspartners binnen de PPS ‘Efficiënte keten, preventie reststromen’ zijn Udea/Ekoplaza, Eosta, Odin/Estafette en Green Organics. De kennispartners zijn Wageningen Food & Biobased Research en het Louis Bolk Instituut. Het doel van het PPS project is: te komen tot handvatten voor het tegengaan van derving bij primaire producenten en het voorkomen van derving in de winkels het ontwikkelen van een vermarktingsstrategie voor afwijkende agf-producten en daarmee het verminderen van reststromen uit de agf-keten, en het onderzoeken van andere mogelijkheden van het verwaarden van deze reststromen. Voor de winkelsituatie is met een simulatiemodel geprobeerd om de gemeten derving van drie geselecteerde producten in een voorbeeldwinkel te reconstrueren. Dit leidt tot productspecifieke aanbevelingen met betrekking tot onder meer het verlengen van de houdbaarheid, de presentatievoorraad en het afremmen van het selectiegedrag van de consument. Het uitvalpercentage van ca. 15-25% in de biologische primaire productie (toeleveranciers) blijkt als volgt onderverdeeld: 10-15% uitval van planten 5-10% niet-geoogst product 2% schade/verlies tijdens verpakken e.d. Belangrijke thema’s bij het terugdringen van derving bij toeleveranciers zijn verbinding in de keten, het vertellen van het verhaal naar de klant, handelsnormen en praktische verbeteringen. In het derde jaar van het project zullen voor de winkelsituatie pilots worden opgestart met betrekking tot houdbaarheidsverlenging en het inschatten van het effect van promotieacties. Ook is er een pilot voorzien tussen Eosta en Udea / Ekoplaza (‘Elastische Keten’) ten behoeve van structurele vermindering van productuitval bij Eosta

Recoil Distributions in Particle Transfer

Classical Thomas peaks in various fast second-order particle transfer processes are quantum mechanically broadened by energy nonconservation in the intermediate states of collision. This quantum broadening is considered in observable velocity distributions of recoil particles

Genome Biol.

Background Whole genome sequencing of marine cyanobacteria has revealed an unprecedented degree of genomic variation and streamlining. With a size of 1.66 megabase-pairs, Prochlorococcus sp. MED4 has the most compact of these genomes and it is enigmatic how the few identified regulatory proteins efficiently sustain the lifestyle of an ecologically successful marine microorganism. Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) control a plethora of processes in eukaryotes as well as in bacteria; however, systematic searches for ncRNAs are still lacking for most eubacterial phyla outside the enterobacteria. Results Based on a computational prediction we show the presence of several ncRNAs (cyanobacterial functional RNA or Yfr) in several different cyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus-Synechococcus lineage. Some ncRNA genes are present only in two or three of the four strains investigated, whereas the RNAs Yfr2 through Yfr5 are structurally highly related and are encoded by a rapidly evolving gene family as their genes exist in different copy numbers and at different sites in the four investigated genomes. One ncRNA, Yfr7, is present in at least seven other cyanobacteria. In addition, control elements for several ribosomal operons were predicted as well as riboswitches for thiamine pyrophosphate and cobalamin. Conclusion This is the first genome-wide and systematic screen for ncRNAs in cyanobacteria. Several ncRNAs were both computationally predicted and their presence was biochemically verified. These RNAs may have regulatory functions and each shows a distinct phylogenetic distribution. Our approach can be applied to any group of microorganisms for which more than one total genome sequence is available for comparative analysis

Food Loss and Waste country profile for Vietnam - Estimates of Food Loss and Waste, associated GHG emissions and nutritional losses

The UN and the Champions 12.3 Coalition launched the ‘Target-Measure-Act approach’ calling on all governments and companies to set FLW reduction targets, measure FLW, identify hotspots, and to take action to reduce FLW accordingly (Lipinski, 2020). Lack of data makes it particularly difficult for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to specify the hotspot food products and chain stages, to define smart targets and to identify adequate interventions. In order to contribute to this essential information we developed and used a mass flow model based on secondary data (see next section for details). This approach allows to present an indicative country profile showing per food product category and chain stage not only the amount of FLW but also the GHGEs related to producing the FLW and induced nutrient losses. This integrated approach towards FLW reduction can support policy makers and other food system actors taking informed decisions contributing to several sustainability objectives in parallel

Food Loss and Waste country profile for Kenya - Estimates of Food Loss and Waste, associated GHG emissions and nutritional losses

The UN and the Champions 12.3 Coalition launched the ‘Target-Measure-Act approach’ calling on all governments and companies to set FLW reduction targets, measure FLW, identify hotspots, and to take action to reduce FLW accordingly (Lipinski, 2020). Lack of data makes it particularly difficult for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to specify the hotspot food products and chain stages, to define smart targets and to identify adequate interventions. In order to contribute to this essential information we developed and used a mass flow model based on secondary data (see next section for details). This approach allows to present an indicative country profile showing per food product category and chain stage not only the amount of FLW but also the GHGEs related to producing the FLW and induced nutrient losses. This integrated approach towards FLW reduction can support policy makers and other food system actors taking informed decisions contributing to several sustainability objectives in parallel

Food Loss and Waste country profile for Colombia - Estimates of Food Loss and Waste, associated GHG emissions and nutritional losses

The UN and the Champions 12.3 Coalition launched the ‘Target-Measure-Act approach’ calling on all governments and companies to set FLW reduction targets, measure FLW, identify hotspots, and to take action to reduce FLW accordingly (Lipinski, 2020). Lack of data makes it particularly difficult for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to specify the hotspot food products and chain stages, to define smart targets and to identify adequate interventions. In order to contribute to this essential information we developed and used a mass flow model based on secondary data (see next section for details). This approach allows to present an indicative country profile showing per food product category and chain stage not only the amount of FLW but also the GHGEs related to producing the FLW and induced nutrient losses. This integrated approach towards FLW reduction can support policy makers and other food system actors taking informed decisions contributing to several sustainability objectives in parallel

Food Loss and Waste country profile for China - Estimates of Food Loss and Waste, associated GHG emissions and nutritional losses

The UN and the Champions 12.3 Coalition launched the ‘Target-Measure-Act approach’ calling on all governments and companies to set FLW reduction targets, measure FLW, identify hotspots, and to take action to reduce FLW accordingly (Lipinski, 2020). Lack of data makes it particularly difficult for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to specify the hotspot food products and chain stages, to define smart targets and to identify adequate interventions. In order to contribute to this essential information we developed and used a mass flow model based on secondary data (see next section for details). This approach allows to present an indicative country profile showing per food product category and chain stage not only the amount of FLW but also the GHGEs related to producing the FLW and induced nutrient losses. This integrated approach towards FLW reduction can support policy makers and other food system actors taking informed decisions contributing to several sustainability objectives in parallel

Structure and relaxations in liquid and amorphous Selenium

We report a molecular dynamics simulation of selenium, described by a three-body interaction. The temperatures T_g and T_c and the structural properties are in agreement with experiment. The mean nearest neighbor coordination number is 2.1. A small pre-peak at about 1 AA^-1 can be explained in terms of void correlations. In the intermediate self-scattering function, i.e. the density fluctuation correlation, classical behavior, alpha- and beta-regimes, is found. We also observe the plateau in the beta-regime below T_g. In a second step, we investigated the heterogeneous and/or homogeneous behavior of the relaxations. At both short and long times the relaxations are homogeneous (or weakly heterogeneous). In the intermediate time scale, lowering the temperature increases the heterogeneity. We connect these different domains to the vibrational (ballistic), beta- and alpha-regimes. We have also shown that the increase in heterogeneity can be understood in terms of relaxations