SISTEM PENJUALAN PADA PETANI PRAPIKA NONGKOJAJAR (STUDY KASUS : DESA TLOGOSARI KECAMATAN TUTUR KABUATEN PASURUAN)

Pada tahun 2017 terjadi peningkatan permintaan cabai dari 439.998 ton pada tahun 2018 menjadi 545.304 ton di Kawasan Jawa Timur (BPS, 2019). Kecamatan Tutur Kabupaten Pasuruan merupakan salah satu sentra produksi paprika yang perkembangan produksinya mengalami peningkatan yang pesat. Atas dasar itulah perlu diteliti dari  aspek sistem penjualan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui sistem penjualan dan untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan kelemahan pada sistem penjualan pemasaran paprika yang dilakukan di Dusun Yitnan Desa Tlogosari Kecamatan Tutur Kabupaten Pasuruan. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan penentuan sampel lokasi secara porposive dan sampel responden sebanyak 33 orang yang sampelnya diambil secara sensus. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini menunjukkan 1) Sistem penjualan yang ada di Desa Tlogosari Kecamatan Tutur Kabupaten Pasuran menggunakan sistem penjualan tunai dan kredit. Untuk jenis penjualannya menggunakan penjualan langsung karena penjualan dengan mengambil paprika dari petani atau pedagang dan langsung dikirim ke pihak pasar atau konsumen  Pada sistem tunai dilakukan pada saluran yang ketiga (petani ®  pasar). Sedangkan pada sistem penjualan kredit dilakukan pada saluran pertama (petani ®  pengepul ®  pedagang besar ®  pasar) dan saluran kedua (petani ®  pengepul ®  pasar).  2) Kekuatan dari sistem penjualan tunai yaitu uang yang diterima lebih cepat dan keuntungan yang didapat lebih banyak dan tahu harga pasar. Sedangkan untuk kelemahan pada sistem tunai adalah pasar yang tidak jelas dalam penjualan paprika tersebut. Untuk sistem penjualan kredit memiliki kekuatan yaitu pasar jelas dalam penyebaran produk paprika, hubungan terstruktur antara petani dan pengepul

Analisis Tingkat Risiko Kredit dengan Menggunakan Credit Risk Ratio, Analisis Trend dan Common Size pada PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero), Tbk. Cabang Samarinda

The research objective is to determine the level of credit risk in terms of Non Performing Loans (NPL) at PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero), Tbk Branch Samarinda by using credit risk ratio, trend analysis and common size. This research analysis tool includes Credit Risk Ratio, Trend Analysis and Common Size. The results of the Credit Risk Ratio analysis show that seen from the average percentage level of risk PT. The Samarinda State Savings Bank (Persero), Tbk Branch, which is determined by Bank Indonesia, which is 5%, is still below the percentage for high risk categories, which is 4.21%. And for Trend Analysis shows that credit collectibility experiences fluctuations every year. While Common Size also shows that credit collectability has fluctuations in total credit collectibility

Intraoperative neuromonitoring versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults undergoing thyroid surgery

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults undergoing thyroid surgery

Follicular proliferation TIR3B. The role of total thyroidectomy vs lobectomy

Background: TIR3B thyroid nodules are considered to be at risk of malignancy (15-30%) but guidelines recommend conservative surgery with lobectomy with primary diagnostic porpoise. Risk stratification mainly based on ultrasound, elastography and genetic mutations usually may influences the surgical approach. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 52 cases of TIR3B underwent between 2015 and 2017 total thyroidectomy (TT) and lobectomy (L), focusing mainly on the observed rate of malignancy. Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact probability test were used for analysis, considering a P values less than 0.05 as significant. Results: Out of 52 patients 49 underwent TT and 3 L. In TT group a multinodular goiter was associated in 67.3% of patients. Malignancy rate was 81.6 and 33.3% respectively after TT and L (P 0.003). Multicentric and contralateral tumors were detected respectively in 36.7% and in 32.6% of patients underwent TT. No main post-operative complications were registered. Conclusions: Ultrasound and elastography are useful to define within the TIR3B group those lesions at higher risk and therefore requiring a more radical approach. TT seems an appropriate approach to TIR3B lesions, especially in multinodular goiter, considering the incidence of malignancy with probably higher rate than previously reported

Male breast cancer, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment: Twenty years of experience in our Breast Unit

BACKGROUND: The male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and represents less than 1% of all malignancies in men and only 1% of all breast cancers incident. We illustrate the experience of our team about the clinico-pathological characteristics, treatment and prognostic factors of patients treated over a period of twenty years . RESULTS: Forty-seven patients were collected 1995-2014 at the Breast Unit of the Hospital of Terni, Italy. The average age was 67 years and the median time to diagnosis from the onset of symptoms was 16 months. The main clinical complaint was sub areolar swelling in 36, 76% of cases. Most patients have come to our attention with advanced disease. The histology of about ninety percent of the tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma. Management consisted mainly of radical mastectomy; followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and hormonal therapy with or without chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 38 months. The evolution has been characterized by local recurrences; in eight cases (17% of all patients). Metastasis occurred in 15 cases (32% of all patients). The site of bone metastases was in eight cases; lung in four cases; liver in three cases; liver and skin in one case and pleura and skin in one case. CONCLUSION: The male breast cancer has many similarities to breast cancer in women, but there are distinct functions that need to be appreciated. Future research for a better understanding of the disease should provide a better account of genetic and epigenetic characteristics of these forms; but, above all, epidemiological and biological cohorts numerically more consistent

Total or near-total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non-toxic goitre in adults

Background Total thyroidectomy (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomy (ST) are worldwide treatment options for multinodular non-toxic goitre in adults. Near TT, defined as a postoperative thyroid remnant less than 1 mL, is supposed to be a similarly effective but safer option than TT. ST has been shown to be marginally safer than TT, but it may leave an undetected thyroid cancer in place. Objectives The objective was to assess the effects of total or near-total thyroidectomy compared to subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non-toxic goitre. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, as well as the ICTRP Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov. The date of the last search was 18 June 2015 for all databases. No language restrictions were applied. Selection criteria Two review authors independently scanned the abstract, title or both sections of every record retrieved to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on thyroidectomy for multinodular non-toxic goitre for further assessment. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed studies for risk of bias and evaluated overall study quality utilising the GRADE instrument. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous outcomes. A random-effects model was used for pooling data. Main results We examined 1430 records, scrutinized 14 full-text publications and included four RCTs. Altogether 1305 participants entered the four trials, 543 participants were randomised to TT and 762 participants to ST. A total of 98% and 97% of participants finished the trials in the TT and ST groups, respectively. Two trials had a duration of follow-up between 12 and 39 months and two trials a follow-up of 5 and 10 years, respectively. Risk of bias across studies was mainly unknown for selection, performance and detection bias. Attrition bias was generally low and reporting bias high for some outcomes. In the short-term postoperative period no deaths were reported for both TT and ST groups. However, longer-term data on all-cause mortality were not reported (1284 participants; 4 trials; moderate quality evidence). Goiter recurrence was lower in the TT group compared to ST. Goiters recurred in 0.2% (1/425) of the TT group compared to 8.4% (53/632) of the ST group (OR 0.05 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.21); P < 0.0001; 1057 participants; 3 trials; moderate quality evidence). Re-intervention due to goitre recurrence was lower in the TT group compared to ST. Re-intervention was necessary in 0.5% (1/191) of TT patients compared to 0.8% (3/379)of ST patients (OR 0.66 (95% CI 0.07 to 6.38); P = 0.72; 570 participants; 1 trial; low quality evidence). The incidence of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was lower for ST compared with TT. Permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 0.8% (6/741) of ST patients compared to 0.7% (4/543) of TT patients (OR 1.28, (95% CI 0.38 to 4.36); P = 0.69; 1275 participants; 4 trials; low quality evidence). The incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was lower for ST compared with TT. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 0.1% (1/741) of ST patients compared to 0.6% (3/543) of TT patients (OR 3.09 (95% CI 0.45 to 21.36); P = 0.25; 1275 participants: 4 trials; low quality evidence). The incidence of thyroid cancer was lower for ST compared with TT. Thyroid cancer occurred in 6.1% (41/669) of ST patients compared to 7.3% (34/465)of TT patients (OR 1.32 (95% CI 0.81 to 2.15); P = 0.27; 1134 participants; 3 trials; low quality evidence). No data on health-related quality of life or socioeconomic effects were reported in the included studies. Authors' conclusions The body of evidence on TT compared with ST is limited. Goiter recurrence is reduced following TT. The effects on other key outcomes such as re-interventions due to goitre recurrence, adverse events and thyroid cancer incidence are uncertain. New long-term RCTs with additional data such as surgeons level of experience, treatment volume of surgical centres and details on techniques used are needed

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi Serba Usaha Sion Sejahtera Di Kabupaten Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara

The study aims to evaluate Financial Performance of Koperasi Serba Usaha Sion Sejahtera. The data collection method used in this study used primary and secondary data. The data are used financial statements of balance sheet and calculation of the remaining results of operations from 2017 to 2021. Data measured based on 7 aspects namely capital, quality of earning assets, management, efficiency, liquidity, independence and growth, and cooperative identity. Data is measured with ratio analyzed based on Peraturan Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil Menengah Republik Indonesia Nomor 06/Per/Dep.6/IV/2016. The results showed that financial performance of Koperasi Serba Usaha Sion Sejahtera in 2017 obtained a value of 81,40 and went up to 82,90 in 2018 so that it was categorized are healthy. Whereas in 2019 the value obtained was 79,65 and decreased to 77,90 in 2020 and in 2021 the value dropped to 75,90 so that it was categorized are quite healthy

Caracterización de la polarización de la respuesta inmune tipo LTCD+ TH1/Th2 en pacientes coinfectados con Helicobacter pylori helmintiasis, procedentes de áreas de bajo riesgo de desarrollar cáncer gástrico

Diferentes estudios han demostrado una alta prevalencia de infección por helmintos en la población colombiana coinfectada por Helicobacter pylori con un impacto en la respuesta inflamatoria del hospedero. La relación entre coinfección e inflamación sistémica es aún controversial. La infección por helmintos ha sido correlacionada con respuestas anti-inflamatorias aún en presencia de Helicobacter pylori (LTCD4+ Th2-IgG1). Esta investigación caracterizó el perfil de respuesta inmune a través de mediciones de interleuquinas en sangre periférica en pacientes coinfectados con helmintos y Helicobacter pylori.MaestríaMAGISTER EN CIENCIAS BIOMÉDICA