Postlarval development of Nicolea uspiana (Polychaeta: Terebellidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The postlarval development of Nicolea aspiono (Nogueira, 2003), a small intertidal terebellid polychaete from rocky habitats on the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, was studied based on postlarval, juvenile and adult specimens. The specimens, ranging from 8 to 43 segments, were collected between May 2006 and May 2007. The youngest postlarval specimen was found crawling outside of the tube. In specimens at different stages of growth, the number of ocelli and tentacles increased; the first pair of nephridial papillae appeared early (before 8-segmented specimen), and the second and third pairs appeared later (31-segmented specimen); the circulatory system only developed when the first pair of branchial bulbs arose (32-segmented specimen), and the second branchial pair appeared later (40-segmented specimen); and the inversion of the uncini positions in some rows occurred in the transition from larva to juvenile (17-segmented specimen). In the course of development, segments 2-3 lost the notochaetae, and segments 3-4 lost the neurochaetae. The changes involved in the development from postlarval to adult animals are illustrated by SEM micrographs and photographs.2616166Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAEPEX/UNICAMPConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [05/59809-7]CNPq [308072/2006-5

Correlação interobservador das alterações morfológicas das vias biliares em pacientes com esquistossomose mansoni pela colangiorressonância magnética Evaluation of morphological changes of the biliary tree by magnetic resonance cholangiography in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni: interobserver agreement

OBJETIVO: Descrever as alterações das vias biliares pela colangiografia por ressonância magnética (CPRM) na esquistossomose hepatoesplênica e avaliar a concordância interobservador da CPRM na detecção de colangiopatia esquistossomótica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e transversal em 24 pacientes com a forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose mansoni e em 6 pacientes sadios, como grupo controle, com avaliação da via biliar pela CPRM. As alterações da via biliar consideradas foram: distorção, afilamento, estenose, dilatação e irregularidade. Foi calculada a concordância interobsevador para alteração da via biliar com o teste de McNemar e o índice kappa (&#954;). RESULTADOS: A concordância interobservador na caracterização de distorção e afilamento da via biliar foi quase perfeita (&#954; = 0,867; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% [0,512-1,0] e &#954; = 0,865; IC 95% [0,51-1,0], respectivamente). A concordância foi substancial para a estenose (&#954; = 0,78; IC 95% [0,424-1,0]), moderada para dilatação (&#954; = 0,595; IC 95% [0,247-0,942]) e regular para afilamento (&#954; = 0,229; IC 95% [0,095-0,552]). CONCLUSÃO: As alterações observadas nas vias biliares foram, em ordem decrescente de ocorrência: distorção, afilamento, estenose, dilatação e irregularidade. A concordância interobservador para sinais de colangiopatia esquistossomótica foi quase perfeita para distorção e afilamento e substancial para estenose.<br>OBJECTIVE: To describe changes of the biliary tree demonstrated by magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in patients with the hepatosplenic presentation of schistosomiasis mansoni, and evaluating the interobserver agreement in the detection of schistosomal cholangiopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional study involving 24 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and 6 healthy patients (control group) submitted to biliary tree evaluation by MRC. The following changes of the biliary tree were considered: distortion, thinning, stenosis, dilation and irregularity. The interobserver agreement in the detection of biliary tree changes was calculated with the McNemar's test and the kappa index of agreement (&#954;). RESULTS: The interobserver agreement in the detection of distortion and thinning of the biliary tree was almost perfect (&#954; = 0.867; confidence interval [CI] 95% [0.512-1.0] and &#954; = 0.865; CI 95% [0.51-1.0], respectively). There was a substantial agreement for stenosis (&#954; = 0.78; CI 95% [0.424-1.0]), moderate agreement for dilation (&#954; = 0.595; CI 95% [0.247-0.942]) and mild agreement for thinning (&#954; = 0.229; CI 95% [0.095-0.552]). CONCLUSION: In a decreasing order of frequency, the changes of the biliary tree were observed: distortion, thinning, stenosis, dilation and irregularity. The interobserver agreement for signs of schistosomal cholangiopathy was almost perfect for distortion and thinning, and substantial for stenosis