Sobre a relevancia da proporcionalidade e a representatividade nos sistemas electorais

[Resumo] Trinta e catro anos despois da primeira normativa electoral da democracia española, e vinteseis anos despois de que esta fose recollida en Lei Orgánica, dacordo ó mandato constitucional, prodúcese en España un movemento social que reclama maior representación da cidadanía nas institucións políticas a través da proporcionalidade, plasmándose na esixencia de reforma da lei electoral, xa que foi deseñada na súa orixe para favorecer o bipartidismo. Este estudo trata de destacar a importancia do sistema electoral na tarefa da representatividade da cidadanía, desbotando que a proporcionalidade sexa o principal factor para que exista unha verdadeira representación do electorado.[Abstract] A civic movement occurs in Spain, thirty-four year after the first electoral rules of the spanish democracy, and twenty-six years after those rules were compiled in an act, in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. This social movement wants a greater representation of the citizenship in political institutions through the proportionality, and requires the reform of the Electoral Law, which was originally designed in order to favor a two party-system. This work tries to emphasize the electoral system importance in the citizenship representativity, and rejects the proportionality as the main factor in order to exist a full representation of the electorate

Revisión histórico-jurídica del principio de Autonomía Universitaria y su relación con la existencia de elecciones en el seno de la universidad

Desde los orígenes de la Universidad como institución, siempre ha estado presente en ella una capacidad de autoorganización y autogobierno. Transcurridos casi 800 años desde la creación de las primeras universidades, éstas también se han visto desposeídas de su autonomía por parte de los Estados, que buscaban interferir en su vida interna. Este trabajo intenta aclarar las características del principio de Autonomía Universitaria,diferenciándolo de la categoría de derecho fundamental o de garantía institucional; y se busca cual es la relación jurídica que guarda con la existencia de elecciones para designar las personas que ocuparán los cargos de gobierno en la academia, al mismo tiempo que se pretende justificar la imprescindible separación entre Estado y universidad. Para ello se estudiarán regulaciones de elección de órganos de gobierno de las universidades desde una perspectiva histórica, para concluir justificando que las elecciones en la universidad se fundamentan en un principio corporativo y no en la democratización de la universidad

Articulación de competencias na gobernanza multinivel no seo da Unión Europea e a súa relación co principio de Subsidiariedade

A tese de doutoramento presentada pretende a descripción do modelo competencial europeo e galego e o grao no cal a integración europea incide sobre as competencias propias de Galicia, recoñecidas no seu Estatuto de Autonomía. Para este estudo, realizouse unha aproximación ós diversos modelos de organización política, así como se analizou a distribución competencial deseñada na Constitución Española, e o Estatuto de autonomía; poñéndoo en relación coas competencias que se atribúen nos Tratados Europeos á Unión Europea. Finalmente vencéllase isto co estudo da defensa da subsidiariedade que corresponde exercer á comunidade autónoma Galega, dentro do sistema español de control da subsidiariedade e o modelo deseñado no protocolo 2 anexo ó Tratado de Funcionamento da Unión Europea.2023-07-1

Image_1_Exploring candidate biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis through cardiovascular and cardiometabolic serum proteome profiling.tiff

IntroductionRA patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, influenced by therapies. Studying their cardiovascular and cardiometabolic proteome can unveil biomarkers and insights into related biological pathways.MethodsThis study included two cohorts of RA patients: newly diagnosed individuals (n=25) and those with established RA (disease duration >25 years, n=25). Both cohorts were age and sex-matched with a control group (n=25). Additionally, a longitudinal investigation was conducted on a cohort of 25 RA patients treated with methotrexate and another cohort of 25 RA patients treated with tofacitinib for 6 months. Clinical and analytical variables were recorded, and serum profiling of 184 proteins was performed using the Olink technology platform. ResultsRA patients exhibited elevated levels of 75 proteins that might be associated with cardiovascular disease. In addition, 24 proteins were increased in RA patients with established disease. Twenty proteins were commonly altered in both cohorts of RA patients. Among these, elevated levels of CTSL1, SORT1, SAA4, TNFRSF10A, ST6GAL1 and CCL18 discriminated RA patients and HDs with high specificity and sensitivity. Methotrexate treatment significantly reduced the levels of 13 proteins, while tofacitinib therapy modulated the expression of 10 proteins. These reductions were associated with a decrease in DAS28. Baseline levels of SAA4 and high levels of BNP were associated to the non-response to methotrexate. Changes in IL6 levels were specifically linked to the response to methotrexate. Regarding tofacitinib, differences in baseline levels of LOX1 and CNDP1 were noted between non-responder and responder RA patients. In addition, response to tofacitinib correlated with changes in SAA4 and TIMD4 levels. ConclusionIn summary, this study pinpoints molecular changes linked to cardiovascular disease in RA and proposes candidate protein biomarkers for distinguishing RA patients from healthy individuals. It also highlights how methotrexate and tofacitinib impact these proteins, with distinct alterations corresponding to each drug’s response, identifying potential candidates, as SAA4, for the response to these therapies.</p

Table_1_Exploring candidate biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis through cardiovascular and cardiometabolic serum proteome profiling.docx

IntroductionRA patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, influenced by therapies. Studying their cardiovascular and cardiometabolic proteome can unveil biomarkers and insights into related biological pathways.MethodsThis study included two cohorts of RA patients: newly diagnosed individuals (n=25) and those with established RA (disease duration >25 years, n=25). Both cohorts were age and sex-matched with a control group (n=25). Additionally, a longitudinal investigation was conducted on a cohort of 25 RA patients treated with methotrexate and another cohort of 25 RA patients treated with tofacitinib for 6 months. Clinical and analytical variables were recorded, and serum profiling of 184 proteins was performed using the Olink technology platform. ResultsRA patients exhibited elevated levels of 75 proteins that might be associated with cardiovascular disease. In addition, 24 proteins were increased in RA patients with established disease. Twenty proteins were commonly altered in both cohorts of RA patients. Among these, elevated levels of CTSL1, SORT1, SAA4, TNFRSF10A, ST6GAL1 and CCL18 discriminated RA patients and HDs with high specificity and sensitivity. Methotrexate treatment significantly reduced the levels of 13 proteins, while tofacitinib therapy modulated the expression of 10 proteins. These reductions were associated with a decrease in DAS28. Baseline levels of SAA4 and high levels of BNP were associated to the non-response to methotrexate. Changes in IL6 levels were specifically linked to the response to methotrexate. Regarding tofacitinib, differences in baseline levels of LOX1 and CNDP1 were noted between non-responder and responder RA patients. In addition, response to tofacitinib correlated with changes in SAA4 and TIMD4 levels. ConclusionIn summary, this study pinpoints molecular changes linked to cardiovascular disease in RA and proposes candidate protein biomarkers for distinguishing RA patients from healthy individuals. It also highlights how methotrexate and tofacitinib impact these proteins, with distinct alterations corresponding to each drug’s response, identifying potential candidates, as SAA4, for the response to these therapies.</p