Effects of competitive standard, team formation and playing position on match running performance of Brazilian professional soccer players

This study examined the effects of competitive standard, team formation and playing position on match running performance in a Brazilian professional soccer team. Performance was investigated in 36 players in 48 matches at three competitive standards: 1st São Paulo State Championship; 3rd and 4th Brazilian leagues. Global Positioning System technology was used to determine total distance covered (TD), maximal running speed (MRS), mean speed (SMEAN) and frequency of high-intensity activities (HIA). Data were compared across competitive standards, team formations and playing positions. Magnitude-based inferences showed greater values for TD, SMEAN and HIA (likely to almost certain) in the lower national (3rd, 4th Brazilian) versus the top state division (1st São Paulo). Higher values for all variables were reported for the 1–4–3–3 versus the 1–4–4–2 formation (likely to almost certain). External defenders/midfielders and forwards reported greater values (likely to almost certain) versus central defenders/midfielders, especially in HIA. Linear regression analyses showed that playing position demonstrated a higher relative contribution to the variance in MRS (24%) and HIA (29%) compared to team formation (16% and 25%, respectively). In a Brazilian professional soccer team, match running performance was dependent upon competitive standard, playing formation and playing position

Influencers on the Russian Twitter: Institutions vs. people in the discussion on migrants

With the emergence of discussion platforms like Twitter, the hopes rose that computer-mediated public sphere would become more even in access to discussion than mass-mediatized public sphere of the late 20th century. Scholars have argued that it will eventually form an ‘opinion crossroads’ where conflicts would be discussed by all the parties involved. But today, existing research provides mixed evidence on whether ordinary users, rather than mainstream media and institutional actors, can become influencers in discussions on current issues, e.g. relations between host and migrant communities. We focus on the Twitter discussion about an inter-ethnic conflict in Moscow’s Biryuliovo district in 2013 and aim at defining who were its real influencers by reconstructing the discussion’s web graph, as well as analyzing and juxtaposing its metrics to figures indicating user activity. Our results show that, despite hyperactivity of media accounts, they were largely absent as deliberative influencers, but the place of influencers was occupied by politicized (nationalist and liberal) accounts, rather by eyewitness reporters or public figures.This research has been supported in full by Russian Science Foundation (research grant 16-18-10125)

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Adsorption Of Human Immunoglobuling Onto Ethacrylate And Histidine-linked Methacrylate

The adsorption of human IgG onto GMA (a semirigid methacrylate-based chromatography matrix) and His-GMA adsorbents was studied by chromatography and batch equilibrium binding analysis. IgG molecules adsorbed onto GMA gel by nonspecific hydrophobic interactions and the specificities were similar for both adsorbents. Adsorption data were analyzed using three isotherm models, namely the Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich models, and the adsorption parameters were computed. The experimental isotherms were best described by a combined Langmuir-Freundlich model, which indicated the presence of unequal binding sites on both adsorbents and/or positive cooperativity in the binding of the IgG molecules.203251262Adamson, A.W., (1990) Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Fifth Edition, , John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New YorkAndrade, J.D., (1985) Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers, 2, pp. 1-80. , in J.D. Andrade (Editor)Plenum Press, New YorkBradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding (1976) Analytical Biochemistry, 72, pp. 248-254Bueno, S.M.A., Haupt, K., Vijayalakshmi, M.A., Separation of immunoglobulin G from human serum by pseudobioaffinity chromatography using immobilized L-histidine in hollow fibre membranes (1995) Journal of Chromatography B, 667, pp. 57-67Burnouf, T., Chromatography in plasma fractionation: Benefits and future trends (1995) Journal of Chromatography B, 664, pp. 3-15Burnouf, T., Goubran, H., Radosevich, M., Application of bioaffinity technology in therapeutic extracorporeal plasmapheresis and large-scale fractionation of human plasma (1998) Journal of Chromatography B, 715, pp. 65-80El-Kak, A., Vjayalakshmi, M.A., Study of the separation of mouse monoclonal antibodies by pseudobioaffinity chromatography using matrix-linked histidine and histamine (1991) Journal of Chromatography, 570, pp. 29-41El-Kak, A., Vijayalakshmi, M.A., Separation and purification of IgG1 and IgG2 from IgG-Cohn-II fraction of human plasma by pseudobioaffinity chromatography on histidyl-AH-sepharose (1992) Bioseparation, 3, pp. 47-53El-Kak, A., Manjini, S., Vijayalakshmi, M.A., Interaction of immunoglobulin G with immobilized histidine: Mechanistic and kinetic aspects (1992) Journal of Chromatography, 604, pp. 29-37Füglistaller, P., Comparison of immunoglobulin binding capacities and ligand leakage using eight different protein a affinity chromatography matrices (1989) Journal of Immunological Methods, 124, pp. 171-177Haupt, K., Bueno, S.M.A., Vijayalakshmi, M.A., Interaction of human immunoglobulin G with L-histidine immobilized onto poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) hollow-fiber membranes (1995) Journal of Chromatography B, 674, pp. 13-21Hermanson, G.T., Mallia, A.K., Smith, P.K., Immobilized affinity ligand techniques (1992), Academic Press, Inc., San DiegoHermanson, G.T., Mattson, G.R., Krohn, R.I., Preparation and use of immunoglobulin-binding affinity supports on emphaze beads (1995) Journal of Chromatography A, 691, pp. 113-122James, E.A., Do, D.D., Equilibria of biomolecules on ion-exchange adsorbents (1991) Journal of Chromatography, 542, pp. 19-28Janson, J.C., Rydén, L., Protein purification. Principles, high resolution methods and applications (1989), VCH Publishers, New YorkJiang, W., Hearn, M.T.W., Protein interaction with immobilized metal ion affinity ligands under high ionic strength conditions (1996) Analytical Biochemistry, 242, pp. 45-54Ladisch, M.R., (2001) Bioseparations Engineering, p. 673. , Wiley-Interscience, New YorkLuo, Q., Andrade, J.D., Cooperative adsorption of proteins onto hydroxyapatite (1998) Journal of Colloid Interface Science, 200, pp. 104-113Mandjiny, S., Vijayalakshmi, M.A., Biotechnology of blood proteins, colloque INSERM (1993) John Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, 227, pp. 189-195. , in C. Rivat and J.-F. Stoltz (Editors)Müller-Schulte, D., Manjini, S., Vijayalakshmi, M.A., Comparative affinity chromatographic studies using novel grafted polyamide and poly(vinyl alcohol) media (1991) Journal of Chromatography, 539, pp. 307-314Özkara, S., Yavuz, H., Patir, S., Arica, M.Y., Denizli, A., Separation of human immunoglobulin G from human plasma with L-histidine immobilized pseudo-specific bioaffinity adsorbents (2002) Separation Science and Technology, 37, pp. 717-731Quiñones, I., Guiochon, G., Extension of a Jovanovic-Freundlich isotherm model to multicomponent adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces (1998) Journal of Chromatography A, 796, pp. 15-40Sharma, S., Agarwal, G.P., Interactions of proteins with immobilized metal ions: A comparative analysis using various isotherm models (2001) Analytical Biochemistry, 288, pp. 126-140Sundberg, L., Porath, J., Preparation of adsorbents for biospecific affinity chromatography. I. Attachment of group-containing ligands to insoluble polymers by means of bifunctional oxiranes (1974) Journal of Chromatography, 90, pp. 87-98Vijayalakshmi, M.A., Pseudobiospecific ligand affinity chromatography (1989) Trends in Biotechnology, 7, pp. 71-76Vola, R., Lombardi, A., Tarditi, L., Björck, L., Mariani, M., Recombinant proteins L and LG: Efficient tools for purification of murine immunoglobulin G fragments (1995) Journal of Chromatography B, 668, pp. 209-21

Efeitos do extrato da parede de levedura na digestibilidade, no escore fecal e na palatabilidade de dietas para gatos Effects of spray-dried yeast cell wall on digestibility, score of feces, and palatability of diets for cats

Para avaliar o efeito do extrato seco da parede de levedura (EPL) sobre a digestibilidade, o escore fecal e a palatabilidade de dietas para gatos, foram realizados três ensaios experimentais. No primeiro, 20 animais adultos foram distribuídos ao acaso em quatro tratamentos: dieta comercial úmida (controle) e dieta-controle + 0,2, ou dieta-controle + 0,4 ou dieta-controle + 0,6% de EPL na matéria seca. No segundo, utilizaram-se alimento seco e as mesmas proporções com o mesmo delineamento do primeiro experimento. No ensaio 3, de palatabilidade, 20 gatos adultos receberam simultaneamente dieta comercial úmida sem e com a inclusão de 0,4% de EPL. No experimento 1, não foram observadas diferenças quanto à digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, matéria orgânica e energia bruta, assim como no escore fecal; no segundo, houve aumento linear (P<0,46) no coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca, e, no terceiro, observou-se efeito negativo da inclusão de 0,4% sobre a palatabilidade da dieta (P<0,004). Conclui-se que a inclusão de EPL em dietas úmidas não influi na digestibilidade, mas pode comprometer a palatabilidade, e que em dietas secas há melhora da digestibilidade da matéria seca.<br>The effects of spray-dried yeast cell wall (YCW) were evaluated on digestibility, score of feces, and palatability of diets for cats were evaluated. Three trials were carried out. In the first, 20 adult cats were randomly allotted in four treatments: wet commercial diet (control) and control plus 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6% of YCW in dry matter. In the second, a commercial dry diet was tested in an equal arrangement concerning concentration of YCW and number of animals of the first trial. In the third, 20 adult cats were fed at the same time a wet diet with or without 0.4% YCW. In the first trial, no differences among treatments for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, organic matter, gross energy digestibility, and faecal score were observed. In second trial, positive linear effect on dry matter digestibility (P=0.046) was observed. In the third, negative effect of 0.4% YCW inclusion (P=0.004) on palatability of diet was observed. It was concluded that YCW inclusion in wet diet did not effectively alter the nutrients digestibilities but it decrease the palatability. However, the YCW inclusion in dry diets can be important to improve dry matter digestibility