6,658 research outputs found

    Directional selection effects on patterns of phenotypic (co)variation in wild populations.

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    Phenotypic (co)variation is a prerequisite for evolutionary change, and understanding how (co)variation evolves is of crucial importance to the biological sciences. Theoretical models predict that under directional selection, phenotypic (co)variation should evolve in step with the underlying adaptive landscape, increasing the degree of correlation among co-selected traits as well as the amount of genetic variance in the direction of selection. Whether either of these outcomes occurs in natural populations is an open question and thus an important gap in evolutionary theory. Here, we documented changes in the phenotypic (co)variation structure in two separate natural populations in each of two chipmunk species (Tamias alpinus and T. speciosus) undergoing directional selection. In populations where selection was strongest (those of T. alpinus), we observed changes, at least for one population, in phenotypic (co)variation that matched theoretical expectations, namely an increase of both phenotypic integration and (co)variance in the direction of selection and a re-alignment of the major axis of variation with the selection gradient

    Theatrical Apartment

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    https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bcs/1336/thumbnail.jp

    Frequency versus relaxation oscillations in a semiconductor laser with coherent filtered optical feedback

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    We investigate the dynamics of a semiconductor laser subject to coherent delayed filtered optical feedback. A systematic bifurcation analysis reveals that this system supports two fundamentally different types of oscillations, namely relaxation oscillations and external roundtrip oscillations. Both occur stably in large domains under variation of the feedback conditions, where the feedback phase is identified as a key quantity for controlling this dynamical complexity. We identify two separate parameter regions of stable roundtrip oscillations, which occur throughout in the form of pure frequency oscillations

    Role of Simulations in the Thai Graduate Business English Program: Can They Engage and Elicit Learners’ Realistic Use of Specific Language?

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    This research paper aims at exploring the views of Thai adult learners enrolling in the one-year Graduate Diploma Program in English for Business and Management (EBM), Thammasat University, on the use of business simulations in terms of their realistic nature, level of engagement, and usefulness. In addition to the learners’ views, outcomes of four different simulated meeting tasks conducted by a group of four learners were analyzed to explore how realistic patterns of interaction used in those simulations were. The hypothesis of this study is that if the learners find the simulated tasks engaging and representative of the real-world contexts, they are likely to focus on using specific and work-related language to fulfill the task purposes. In-depth interviews with a total of eight EBM students and audio-recordings of simulated meetings were the main data collection methods of this qualitative study. Discussion of the findings led to the conclusion that simulations strived to elicit the use of language which was similar to the authentic generic patterns found in the real world’ business meetings. It further pointed out that the participants believed simulations were likely to assist them in improving their use of specific language to achieve their real-world business operations

    Efficiency of Two Black-tailed Prairie Dog Rodenticides and Their Impacts on Non-target Bird Species

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    In 1983 zinc phosphide, strychnine with prebait, and strychnine without prebait were applied to black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in west-central South Dakota. Short-term (4 days later) and long-term (1 year later) poison efficiency and impact (short-term and long-term) on horned larks (Eromophila alpestrus) and other seed-eating birds of the prairie dog colonies were evaluated. Prairie dog burrow densities ranged from 54-187 burrows/ha with an average burrow density of 114 Âą8 (Âą SE) burrows/ha. Rodenticide short-term control reduced active burrows by 95% with zinc phosphide, 42% with only strychnine, and 78% with prebaited strychnine. More zinc phosphide was consumed after poisoning than strychnine. Long-term control was maintained with prebaited strychnine and zinc phosphide but not with strychnine only. Fifty species of birds were observed. Immediate impacts with poisons reduced horned lark relative densities 66% with strychnine only and 45% with prebaited strychnine. No measurable reduction was found with zinc phosphide. No direct long-term impacts on horned larks were found. Indirect impacts occurred on horned larks through habitat changes from prairie dog control. No short-term or long-term poison impacts were found on the seed-eating avian group

    Thai Learners’ Construction of Disability Identity in their Website Project: Transitivity Analysis of Process Types

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    A critical approach to discourse analysis can provide valuable insight into language as a social semiotic system, the discursive construction of identity and the operations of ideology and power. The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it aims to explore process types constituting the transitivity system of language Thai undergraduates employed to enact the identities of the Baan Nontapum Foundation (BNF) or Home for Children with Disabilities, and disability in their website project. Secondly, the study attempts to further examine how and why those discursive strategies were utilized. Relying on Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, a critical analysis of the discourse revealed the participants’ utilization of material processes to be far more frequent than other process types. Additionally, the Actor was found to be the participant function associated with the BNF, whereas the Goal and the Beneficiary were most frequently linked with disabled children. This transitivity analysis of process types and participant roles discloses that the BNF plays the role of an active agent that initiates and offers different forms of assistance to disabled children who do not seem to have any strong agency to voice their needs. In spite of being expected to be able to live independently, children with disabilities are represented as those who solely receive assistance which is assumed to be useful for them by others in the society.Keywords: critical discourse analysis, disability discourse, identity, process types, systemic functional linguistics, transitivity analysis.  āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļąāļ•āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ§āđ‡āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ„āļ—āļĒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļīāļāļāļēāļ•āļĢāļĩ : āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢ (Process Types)āļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­āļ§āļēāļ—āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ§āļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļ­āļąāļ™āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļĨāļķāļāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļąāļ•āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ”āļģāļĢāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļļāļ”āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒÂ  āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ (āđ‘) āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ process types āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ āļēāļ„āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ„āļ—āļĒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļīāļāļāļēāļ•āļĢāļĩāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļąāļ•āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļ™āļ—āļ āļđāļĄāļīāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļąāļ•āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ§āđ‡āļšāđ„āļ‹āļ•āđŒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļāđˆāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ (āđ’) āļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāđƒāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ process types āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ†āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļąāļ•āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§Â  āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļ§āļēāļ—āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ§āļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĄāļ™ āđāļŸāļĢāđŒāļ„āļĨāļąāļŸ (Norman Fairclough) āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāđ„āļ§āļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđ€āļ„āļīāļĨ āļŪāļ­āļĨāļĨāļīāđ€āļ”āļĒāđŒ (M.A.K. Halliday) āļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļē āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰ material processes āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļē process types āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē Actor āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢ āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆ Goal āđāļĨāļ° Beneficiary āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢ  āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ process types āđāļĨāļ° āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļ„āļŠāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļ·āļ­āļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļīāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāđāļāđˆāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢ āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđƒāļ™āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĢāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļ–āļķāļ‡āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļēāļ”āļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļšāļ§āļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢ āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļˆāļ°āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ”āļģāļĢāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ° āļ āļēāļžāļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ—āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļŠāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ™āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļēāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļĄāļļāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒ āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđƒāļ”āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļÂ  āļ§āļēāļ—āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ§āļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāđŒÂ  āļ§āļēāļ—āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļīāļāļēāļĢ  āļ­āļąāļ•āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒÂ  āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢ  āđ„āļ§āļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆÂ  āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ transitivity 

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