OneMap: software for genetic mapping in outcrossing species

OneMap is an environment for constructing linkage maps of outcrossing plant species, using full-sib families derived from two outbred parents. The analyses are performed using a novel methodology based on the maximum likelihood approach for simultaneous estimation of linkage and linkage phases (WU et al. 2002), which has been successfully applied to sugarcane (GARCIA et al. 2006). It is implemented as a set of functions for the freely distributed software R, and handles pairwise marker analysis, marker ordering and map refinement.1443787

Genetic diversity of Bursaphelenchus cocophilus in South America

Molecular characterisation of Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, the causal agent of ‘red ring disease’, is imperative for efficient identification procedures in Brazil and Colombia, because quarantine species such as B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus are already listed in both countries. ITS-1/2 region and D2-D3 segment of LSU rDNA were used to characterise isolates of B. cocophilus obtained from coconut plantations in Brazil and Colombia. Results from ITS-1/2 and LSU rDNA regions showed that all isolates of B. cocophilus from Brazil and Colombia formed a monophyletic group. The LSU rDNA region indicated that all isolates formed a single monophyletic group with high Bayesian posterior probability (100%). This is the first study on ITS-1/2 for the characterisation of B. cocophilus populations. A species-specific primer was designed for identification of B. cocophilus

Bone Mineral Density in Severely Obese Women: Health Risk and Health Protective Risk Factors in Three Different Bone Sites

Factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) are poorly known in severely obese individuals i.e., a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m^{2}. The objectives of this study were to describe the bone health profile of severely obese Brazilian women, to identify the health risk and health protective factors for BMD in this group and to assess whether these factors vary according to three different bone sites. BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study analyzed baseline data from 104 women who had an average BMI of 43.7 ± 4.5 kg/m^{2} and presented the following BMD status: 1.283 ± 0.094 g/cm2 for total body, 1.062 ± 0.159 g/cm^{2} for vertebral column and 1.195 ± 0.134 g/cm2 for hip. They took part in the “Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity” randomized clinical trial (DieTBra Trial). The risk factors negatively associated with lower BMD were age ≥50 years for the three bone sites i.e., total body, vertebral column and hip. Smoking for total body BMD (p = 0.045); BMI ≥ 50kg/m^{2} for vertebral column and hip; menopause for hip; high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p = 0.049), insufficient zinc (p = 0.010) and previous fracture for vertebral column (p = 0.007). The protective factors positively associated with BMD were physical activity (≥150 min/week (p = 0.001)) for hip; type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) (p < 0.0001) total body and adequate vitamin D levels from food consumption (p = 0.039) for vertebral column. A BMI ≥ 50 kg/m^{2} was a risk factor for lower BMD. The findings showed that protective and risk factors varied by bone site. The original study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. (protocol number: NCT02463435)

Immunophenotypic characterization of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis prior to and after treatment in Pernambuco, Brazil

Leishmania infections induce a specific activation of host immunological response, particularly characterized by T cell expansion. Studies indicate the importance of the balance between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in which the first ones would have their number reduced during the healing process. Meanwhile, CD25+ T cells have been associated with the suppression of the immune response. Since the immune response has an essential role in both healing and progression of diseases, this study aimed to identify the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ and CD25+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients afflicted with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) - before and after treatment - and healthy controls. Peripheral blood was collected and transferred to cytometry tubes containing monoclonal antibodies specific for cell surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16 e CD25. The immunophenotypic and morphometric parameters of cells were determined by flow cytometry and the results demonstrated a significant increase in the number of T CD8+ cells after treatment, suggesting a cytotoxic T cell response. An increase in CD25+ T cells in patients with active ACL and after treatment was also observed, suggesting the participation of these cells in the modulation of the exacerbated effector response

Nuevo registro de planta hospedera para Stator aegrotus (Sharp, 1885) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) y notas sobre daños en semillas en Brasil

Se recolectaron frutos directamente del suelo de Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton Rose (Fabaceae) en la región de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Los insectos emergidos fueron identificados como Stator aegrotus (Sharp, 1885) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), y dado que esta planta no se había registrado como hospedero para esta especie de brúquido, constituye el primer registro de asociación para ambas especies. El daño causado a las semillas alcanzó un 35.4%, siendo el consumo de tejidos seminales de 0.04530 g, que representa un 55.63% del peso de una semilla. En la evaluación fisiológica de las semillas se constató que el 100% de las semillas dañadas no germinaron.Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton Rose (Fabaceae) fruits were collected directly from the soil in the Sinop region, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The emerged insects were identified as Stator aegrotus (Sharp, 1885) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), and since this plant had not been registered as a host for this species of bruchid, this constitutes the first association record for both species. The damage caused to the seeds reached 35.4%, with the consumption of seminal tissues of 0.04530 g, which represents 55.63% of the weight of a seed. In the physiological evaluation of the seeds, it was found that 100% of the damaged seeds did not germinate

INTERFACE ENTRE A EJA E EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL: O PROFESSOR E A INCLUSÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA INTELECTUAL

This study aimed to understand the scope of teaching practices and working conditions of an adult education teacher of students with intellectual disabilities enrolled in evening special education programs at the elementary schools.  The study was qualitative in nature, with characteristics of case study methodology. Data for the study were derived from semi-structured interviews, which respond adequately to our research goals. Results of the analysis point to the precarious work conditions of teachers of adult education and how this instability involves the organization and planning of curricula for students, including those with intellectual disabilities.Este estudio tuvo como propósito comprender las prácticas de enseñanza y las condiciones de trabajo del profesor de la EJA, junto a los estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual, matriculados en esta modalidad de enseñanza, en el periodo nocturno y en enseñanza fundamental. Se trata de una investigación de naturaleza cualitativa, con características de estudio de caso. Como procedimiento de recolecta de datos para la realización del estudio, se optó por utilizar la entrevista semiestructurada, la cual respondió adecuadamente a nuestros objetivos de investigación. Los resultados de los análisis, evidencian la precariedad de las condiciones de trabajo del profesor de la EJA, y como esta precariedad implica en la organización y planeamiento de los contenidos curriculares destinados a los estudiantes, inclusive aquellos que presentan discapacidad intelectual. Este estudo teve como escopo compreender as práticas de ensino e as condições de trabalho do professor da EJA junto aos estudantes com deficiência intelectual matriculados nesta modalidade de ensino, no período noturno, e ensino fundamental.  Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com características de estudo de caso. Como procedimento de coleta de dados para a realização da pesquisa, optou-se por utilizar a entrevista semiestruturada, a qual respondeu adequadamente aos nossos objetivos de investigação. Os resultados das análises evidenciam a precariedade das condições de trabalho do professor da EJA e como esta precariedade implica na organização e planejamento dos conteúdos curriculares destinados aos alunos, inclusive aqueles que apresentam deficiência intelectual

Reflexiones sobre el papel de la contextualización en la enseñanza de ciencias

La importancia de la contextualización y de la discusión del papel de la ciencia en el desarrollo social y económico es innegable para la enseñanza de las ciencias. Sin embargo, esto no debe significar una negligencia ni del conocimiento teórico ni de las estrategias que forman parte de su construcción y aplicación. Así, se dibuja un peligroso cuadro cuando se asume la contextualización como el único y primordial objetivo de la educación científica. Este artículo presenta un estudio realizado con 15 alumnos del último año de la carrera en Docencia de Química, cuyos resultados evidencian una preocupante «supervaloración» de lo cotidiano en detrimento de otros aspectos igualmente importantes del conocimiento químico