INITIAL GROWTH OF Acacia mearnsii WITH VERMICOMPOST OF DIFFERENT AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTES

A utiliza\ue7\ue3o de vermicompostos de diferentes res\uedduos agroindustriais na produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas de ac\ue1cianegra pode ser uma alternativa de reutiliza\ue7\ue3o de res\uedduos e aumentar a produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o crescimento e a concentra\ue7\ue3o de nutrientes em mudas de ac\ue1cianegra, cultivadas em substratos com diferentes vermicompostos de res\uedduos org\ue2nicos agroindustriais. Instalou-se em casa de vegeta\ue7\ue3o 11 diferentes tratamentos: T1) vermicomposto de esterco bovino (EB); T2) vermicomposto de esterco ovino (EO); T3) vermicomposto de lodo de parboliza\ue7\ue3o de arroz (LP); T4) tratamento controle (sem aduba\ue7\ue3o); T5) tratamento controle com adu\ue7\ue3o mineral (NPK); T6) mistura de EB e LP; T7) mistura de EO e LP; T8) mistura de EB e vermicomposto de res\uedduos de alimentos (RA); T9) mistura de EO e RA; T10) mistura de EB e vermicomposto de res\uedduos de frutas (RF); T11) mistura de EO e RF. Ap\uf3s 180 dias de cultivo em recipiente com capacidade de cinco litros, foram analisadas a massa seca e a concentra\ue7\ue3o de nutrientes na parte a\ue9rea da ac\ue1cia-negra, e a concentra\ue7\ue3o de nutrientes no solo, ap\uf3s o cultivo. A adi\ue7\ue3o do esterco bovino, bem como a mistura de esterco bovino e res\uedduos aliment\uedcios favoreceram o incremento de mat\ue9ria seca das plantas de ac\ue1cia-negra. Os resultados mostraram que as concentra\ue7\uf5es de nutrientes nas plantas, com exce\ue7\ue3o de Fe e Mn, variaram com adi\ue7\ue3o de vermicompostos no solo. Os tratamentos T3 e T6 elevaram as concentra\ue7\uf5es em P, N, Zn de Cu nas folhas de ac\ue1cia-negra. Al\ue9m disso, a adi\ue7\ue3o dos vermicompostos ao solo aumentou a disponibilidade de nutrientes para as plantas, mesmo ap\uf3s o cultivo, especialmente com rela\ue7\ue3o ao f\uf3sforo, pot\ue1ssio e magn\ue9sio, sendo uma alternativa vi\ue1vel e eficaz na produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas, podendo substituir a utiliza\ue7\ue3o de aduba\ue7\ue3o mineral.The use of vermicompost as organic compounds of different agro-industrial wastes in the production of Acacia mearnsii seedlings can be an alternative of reusing waste and increase of seedlings production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutrient concentration in Acacia mearnsii seedlings grown in different soils and vermicomposts of different organic wastes. Also, the effects on soil chemical properties were evaluated. So, different treatments were applied: T1) vermicompost of bovine manure (EB); T2) vermicompost of ovine manure (EO); T3) vermicompost of rice parboiled waste (LP); T4) Control (without amendment); T5) Control with mineral amendment; T6) mixture of EB and LP; T7) mixture of EO and LP; T8) mixture of EB and vermicompost of food wastes (RA); T9) mixture of EO and RA; T10) mixture of EB and vermicompost of fruits wastes (RF); T11) mixture of EO and RF. After 180 days of growth, it was analyzed the dry mass and nutrient concentration in shoots and the concentration of nutrients in the soil after cultivation. The addition of EB, as well as the mixture of EB and RA promoted the increase on dry matter. The results showed that the concentrations of nutrients in plants, with the exception of Fe, Mn varied with the addition of vermicompost in the soil. Treatments T3 and T6 increased the concentrations of P, N, Zn, Cu in leaves of Acacia mearnsii. Furthermore, the addition of vermicompost to soil increased the availability of nutrients to plants, even after cultivation, especially the phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, and it is a viable and effective in producing Acacia mearnsii seedlings and might replace the use of mineral fertilizers

The lancet weight determines wheal diameter in response to skin prick testing with histamine

BACKGROUND:Skin prick test (SPT) is a common test for diagnosing immunoglobulin E-mediated allergies. In clinical routine, technicalities, human errors or patient-related biases, occasionally results in suboptimal diagnosis of sensitization. OBJECTIVE:Although not previously assessed qualitatively, lancet weight is hypothesized to be important when performing SPT to minimize the frequency of false positives, false negatives, and unwanted discomfort. METHODS:Accurate weight-controlled SPT was performed on the volar forearms and backs of 20 healthy subjects. Four predetermined lancet weights were applied (25 g, 85 g, 135 g and 265 g) using two positive control histamine solutions (1 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL) and one negative control (saline). A total of 400 SPTs were conducted. The outcome parameters were: wheal size, neurogenic inflammation (measured by superficial blood perfusion), frequency of bleeding, and the lancet provoked pain response. RESULTS:The mean wheal diameter increased significantly as higher weights were applied to the SPT lancet, e.g. from 3.2 ± 0.28 mm at 25 g to 5.4 ± 1.7 mm at 265 g (p<0.01). Similarly, the frequency of bleeding, the provoked pain, and the neurogenic inflammatory response increased significantly. At 265 g saline evoked two wheal responses (/160 pricks) below 3 mm. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:The applied weight of the lancet during the SPT-procedure is an important factor. Higher lancet weights precipitate significantly larger wheal reactions with potential diagnostic implications. This warrants additional research of the optimal lancet weight in relation to SPT-guidelines to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the procedure

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Telas de sombreamento na produção de morangueiro em ambiente protegido Shading screens in the production of strawberry in greenhouse

Analisou-se a produção de duas cultivares de morangueiro, conduzido sob diferentes telas de sombreamento (coberturas) em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi realizado em estufa agrícola de aço galvanizado, com teto semicircular, coberta com filme de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) de 150 &#956;m de espessura, no Setor de Horticultura da Universidade de Passo Fundo, RS. Os tratamentos constaram de um fatorial duplo com duas cultivares (Camarosa e Oso Grande) e 4 coberturas (testemunha sem tela e telas termo-refletora metálica, azul e vermelha com 40% de sombreamento) que foram distribuídas em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 3 repetições com 20 plantas por parcela em área útil de 3 m². Foram determinados o número total e comercial de frutos e a massa fresca total e comercial e de frutos deformados por planta. Monitorou-se a temperatura do ar e a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA), sendo essa verificada em dois dias típicos (dia ensolarado e dia nublado). Considerando as médias obtidas sob a ausência e presença de telas e o total das colheitas, as produções das cultivares Oso Grande e Camarosa foram semelhantes. Na tela azul essas cultivares apresentaram a menor massa fresca.<br>The production of two strawberry cultivars achieved under different shading screens (covers) in protected environment was evaluated. The experiment was set up in galvanized steel closed greenhouse with semicircular ceiling covered with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films 150 &#956;m thickness, in the University of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a double factorial with two cultivars (Camarosa and Oso Grande) and four covers (control without screen and metalic, blue and red thermo-reflective screens with 40% shading) which were distributed in randomized blocks lining with three repetitions with 20 plants per plot in an useful area of 3m². The total and commercial number of fruits and the total and commercial fresh mass of deformed fruits per plant were determined. Also, the air temperature and the photossintetically active radiation (PAR) were monitored, being verified in two typical days (sunny and cloudy day). Considering the averages obtained under the absence and presence of screens and the total of the crops the production of the cvs. Oso Grande and Camarosa were similar. Under the blue screen these cultivars showed the lowest fresh mass

Produtividade e teor de sólidos solúveis de frutos de cultivares de morangueiro em ambiente protegido Yield and soluble solids contents of fruits of strawberry cultivars in protected cultivation

O cultivo protegido é uma alternativa para controlar variações climáticas em diferentes locais e épocas de plantio, entretanto, seus efeitos e interações com a cultura do morangueiro ainda são pouco conhecidos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de três sistemas de cultivo (túnel alto, túnel baixo e a campo) na produtividade, massa média de frutos e no teor de sólidos solúveis dos frutos das cultivares de morango Dover, Camarosa, Sweet Charlie e Oso Grande em Guarapuava-PR. Quanto à produtividade e massa média de frutos, a cultivar Camarosa foi a melhor nos cultivos em túnel, tanto alto quanto baixo, pelo seu excelente desempenho. Os frutos da cultivar Sweet Charlie apresentaram o maior teor de sólidos solúveis nos três ambientes de cultivo. A produtividade e a massa média dos frutos foram significativamente superiores nos cultivos em túneis, alto e baixo, quando comparados ao cultivo a campo. O ambiente que propiciou maior acúmulo de sólidos solúveis nos frutos foi o túnel alto, diferindo significativamente dos demais ambientes de cultivo.<br>Protected cultivation is an alternative to control the climatic effects in different places and times of planting, however, its effects and interactions with the strawberry crop are little known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of three cropping systems (high tunnel, low tunnel and field) on yield, mean fruit mass and the soluble solids contents of strawberry cultivars Dover, Camarosa, Sweet Charlie and Oso Grande in Guarapuava. Camarosa cultivar presents an excellent performance regarding yield and mean fruit mass in high and low tunnel cultivation; hence, these cropping system can be indicated. Fruits of Sweet Charlie cultivar had the highest content of soluble solids in all the cultivation environments. Yield and mean fruit mass obtained from high and low tunnels were significantly higher than in the field. The environment high tunnel allowed greater accumulation of soluble solids, differing significantly from other evaluated environments

Cephalic anatomy and three-dimensional reconstruction of the head of Catops ventricosus (Weise, 1877) (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae)

Adult head structures are well known in the coleopteran suborders Archostemata and Adephaga, whereas the available information is very fragmentary in the megadiverse Polyphaga, including the successful superfamily Staphylinoidea. In the present study, the cephalic morphology of the cholevine species Catops ventricosus is described in detail and documented. The results were compared to conditions occurring in other polyphagan lineages, especially staphylinoid and scarabaeoid representatives. Specific external features documented in Catops and potential autapomorphies of Leiodidae include a five-segmented antennal club with a reduced eighth antennomere and the presence of periarticular grooves filled with sensilla on antennomeres 7, 9, and 10. The firm connection of the head and pronotum is possibly an apomorphy of Cholevinae. The monophyly of Cholevinae excluding Eucatopini and Oritocatopini is supported by the apical maxillary palpomere as long as or shorter than the subapical one, and the presence of cryptic pore plates on the surface of these palpomeres—a feature described and documented here for the first time. The internal cephalic structures of Catops are mostly plesiomorphic, as for instance the complete tentorium. The pattern of the muscles is similar to what is found in other staphylinoid taxa. The unusual maxillary muscle “Mx” is likely a groundplan apomorphy of the clade Staphyliniformia + Scarabaeoidea. M. hypopharyngomandibularis (M13) was identified in Catops and is ancestral for Coleoptera, even though it is often missing. The same applies to M. tentoriohypopharyngalis (M42).The PhD study of CAC as well as his research internship at the Friedrich-Schiller-Universität was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (2012/19002-0 and 2014/22088-0). PG was also supported by FAPESP (2013/06314-7) and MY by the DAAD, which is also gratefully acknowledged. The stay of IR in the Phyletisches Museum in Jena was funded by a Salvador de Madariaga grant (PRX14/00583).Peer reviewe