Soil: the great connector of our lives now and beyond COVID-19

Open Access Journal; Published online: 05 Nov 2020Humanity depends on the existence of healthy soils, both for the production of food and for ensuring a healthy, biodiverse environment, among other functions. COVID-19 is threatening food availability in many places of the world due to the disruption of food chains, lack of workforce, closed borders and national lockdowns. As a consequence, more emphasis is being placed on local food production, which may lead to more intensive cultivation of vulnerable areas and to soil degradation. In order to increase the resilience of populations facing this pandemic and future global crises, transitioning to a paradigm that relies more heavily on local food production on soils that are carefully tended and protected through sustainable management is necessary. To reach this goal, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommends five active strategies: improved access to land, sound land use planning, sustainable soil management, enhanced research, and investments in education and extension. The soil is the great connector of lives, the source and destination of all. It is the healer and restorer and resurrector, by which disease passes into health, age into youth, death into life. Without proper care for it we can have no community, because without proper care for it we can have no life

Evidence confirms an anthropic origin of Amazonian Dark Earths

Archaeology of the America

Sistemas de colheita da cana-de-açúcar e alterações nas propriedades físicas de um solo podzólico amarelo no Estado do Espírito Santo Sugar cane harvesting systems and changes on physical properties of a yellow podzolic soil in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Foi instalado um experimento de longa duração (1989-1994) com cana-de-açúcar (variedade RB 739735) no município de Linhares, ES, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos seguintes sistemas de colheita da cana-de-açúcar: a) Sistema Cana Crua - corte da cana sem queima, com posterior espalhamento do palhiço sobre o solo; e b) Sistema Cana Queimada - corte da cana com queima prévia do palhiço, sobre algumas propriedades físicas de solo Podzólico Amarelo em área de tabuleiro. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. Após seis anos de cultivo, constatou-se alteração do solo no sistema Cana Queimada, evidenciada pela diminuição do diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados estáveis em água e pelo aumento da densidade do solo na profundidade de 0-5 cm. Foram também detectadas alterações significativas na porosidade total e distribuição de poros, na profundidade de 0-5 cm, devido às práticas de manejo do sistema de colheita. Verificou-se, ainda, que a velocidade de infiltração instantânea foi maior nas áreas sob tratamento sem queima. Os mesmos resultados não foram encontrados quando se avaliou o fluxo de água saturado através do método do permeâmetro.<br>A long term (1989-1994) experiment with sugar cane (RB 739735) was carried out, in Linhares, ES, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effect of two systems of sugar cane harvesting: the first with previous burning (burned cane), and the second with crop residue remaining on the soil surface (green cane), on some physical properties of a tableland Yellow Podzolic soil. The statistical design was in randomized blocks, replicated six times. After six years of cultivation, a process of soil degradation was observed in the burned cane system, with decreasing of aggregate mean diameter and increasing of soil bulk density at the 0-5 cm soil depth. There were also differences in total porosity and porous distribution at the 0-5 cm soil depth as a consequence of the harvesting system. The soil water infiltration, measured in the field, was greatest in the area under the green cane treatments. The same result was not observed when measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity with the steady state permeameter