La seguridad democrática : punta del iceberg del régimen político y económico colombiano

Para sustentar nuestras tesis, acudimos al recurso metodológico de responder las preguntas de investigación, que a su vez le dan la estructura narrativa al presente texto. Los interrogantes planteados son: ¿Por qué se afirma que la inseguridad es el problema prioritario en Colombia y cómo logró imponerse esta idea? ¿Es la seguridad un derecho humano fundamental, como lo afirma el gobierno colombiano? ¿Cuál ha sido el impacto de la seguridad democrática para los Derechos Humanos? ¿La seguridad democrática, implicó una ruptura con las estrategias de control, empleadas históricamente por las élites dominantes en Colombia o existen antecedentes de ésta? ¿Qué le ha permitido a la seguridad democrática encontrar respaldo en amplios sectores de la población, incluso entre sectores más oprimidos? ¿Por qué fue posible la implantación de un régimen autoritario de tipo bonapartista en Colombia? ¿Qué intereses económicos defienden la seguridad democrática y el régimen que la soporta? ¿Es cierta la afirmación del presidente que su política de seguridad es opuesta a la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional, y hasta qué punto es una política autónoma del Estado colombiano o responde a las estrategias internacionales de seguridad? Un corolario de carácter propositivo pretende responder: ¿Es posible, en el marco de la actual formación socioeconómica y política colombiana aplicar una política de seguridad, protectora de los Derechos Humanos y que haga efectiva la democracia radical? A continuación exponemos sintéticamente las respuestas encontradas a cada uno de los interrogantes formulados

Fertility Preservation: A Key Survivorship Issue for Young Women with Cancer

Fertility preservation in the young cancer survivor is recognized as a key survivorship issue by the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. Thus, health care providers should inform women about the effects of cancer therapy on fertility and should discuss the different fertility preservation options available. It is also recommended to refer women expeditiously to a fertility specialist in order to improve counseling. Women’s age, diagnosis, presence of male partner, time available and preferences regarding use of donor sperm influence the selection of the appropriate fertility preservation option. Embryo and oocyte cryopreservation are the standard techniques used while ovarian tissue cryopreservation is new, yet promising. Despite the importance of fertility preservation for cancer survivors’ quality of life, there are still communication and financial barriers faced by women who wish to pursue fertility preservation

Asertividad y autoestima en estudiantes de primer semestre de la facultad de ciencias de la salud de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia

Esta investigación estudió las habilidades sociales en cuanto Asertividad y Autoestima en estudiantes de primer semestre de todos los programas adscritos a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una Universidad Pública, en la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia y se enmarcó en el paradigma positivista, de tipo cuantitativo, el diseño utilizado fue de tipo correlacional. La conducta socialmente habilidosa es ese conjunto de comportamientos emitidos por un individuo en un contexto interpersonal, que expresa sentimientos, actitudes, deseos, opiniones o derechos de ese individuo de un modo adecuado a la situación, respetando esas conductas en los demás y que generalmente resuelve los problemas inmediatos de la situación mientras minimiza la probabilidad de futuros problemas. Muchas veces se combinan Asertividad con autoestima, como elementos psicológicos necesarios para que un individuo pueda manejarse en la vida de una manera asertiva, aunque no sean los únicos a considerar. La muestra estuvo conformada por el 100% de la población, es decir por los 200 estudiantes que ingresaron al Primer Semestre de los Programas Académicos de Medicina, Psicología, Enfermería y Odontología, de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, de la Universidad del Magdalena, durante el periodo 2008-2. No obstante, 47 estudiantes no desearon participar en la investigación por motivos diferentes, quedando entonces la muestra real en 153 estudiantes. Se encontró que existe relación entre las variables Asertividad y Autoestima, la cual es positiva directamente proporcional, es decir a mayor autoestima mayor Asertividad, indicando un nivel de correlación de .250, determinando una correlación de carácter lineal. Corroborado por las dimensiones de la Asertividad (Indirecta y no Asertividad) las cuales presentan una relación negativa inversamente proporcional con la autoestima

Idea de naturaleza y dialéctica: una comprensión pedagógica

Nature as a tangible dimension can be treated with dialectics to facilitate its understanding; the same dialectical interpretation has sometimes been shown in it. To discover how the idea of ​​Nature has operated from the dialectical sense in Western philosophy, it should be said that it has had four different stages of development where various currents and thinkers staked their position, some even gave it importance in social aspects during the last four centuries. These range from physical naturalism to the understanding of social reality based on contextual needs and these in turn have forged the way of seeing sensitive Nature. Giving importance to man / nature integration in mental and concrete complementarity is an urgency especially for the global emergence of fatal consequences for planetary life. It is about displacing the dichotomy by the search for dialectical integrity that is comprehensible for today's society.La Naturaleza como dimensión tangible puede ser tratada con la dialéctica para facilitar su comprensión; en ocasiones se ha mostrado la misma interpretación dialéctica en ella. Para descubrir cómo ha operado la idea de Naturaleza desde el sentido dialéctico en la filosofía de corte occidental, cabe decir que ha tenido cuatro distintas etapas de desarrollo, donde varias corrientes y pensadores estacaron su postura, algunos incluso le dieron la importancia en aspectos sociales durante los últimos cuatro siglos. Estas van desde el naturalismo físico hasta la comprensión de la realidad social; parten de unas necesidades contextuales y estas a su vez han forjado la forma de ver a la Naturaleza sensible. Dar importancia a la integración hombre/Naturaleza en complementariedad mental y concreta, es una urgencia sobre todo para la emergencia global de consecuencias fatales para la vida planetaria. Se trata de desplazar la dicotomía por la búsqueda de la integridad dialéctica que sea aprehensible para la sociedad actual

Restoring Ureagenesis in Hepatocytes by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Genomic Addition to Arginase-deficient Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Urea cycle disorders are incurable enzymopathies that affect nitrogen metabolism and typically lead to hyperammonemia. Arginase deficiency results from a mutation in Arg1, the enzyme regulating the final step of ureagenesis and typically results in developmental disabilities, seizures, spastic diplegia, and sometimes death. Current medical treatments for urea cycle disorders are only marginally effective, and for proximal disorders, liver transplantation is effective but limited by graft availability. Advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell research has allowed for the genetic modification of stem cells for potential cellular replacement therapies. In this study, we demonstrate a universally-applicable CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy utilizing exon 1 of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus to genetically modify and restore arginase activity, and thus ureagenesis, in genetically distinct patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells and hepatocyte-like derivatives. Successful strategies restoring gene function in patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells may advance applications of genetically modified cell therapy to treat urea cycle and other inborn errors of metabolism

Infrared video tracking of Anopheles gambiae at insecticide-treated bed nets reveals rapid decisive impact after brief localised net contact

Long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) protect humans from malaria transmission and are fundamental to malaria control worldwide, but little is known of how mosquitoes interact with nets. Elucidating LLIN mode of action is essential to maintain or improve efficacy, an urgent need as emerging insecticide resistance threatens their future. Tracking multiple free-flying Anopheles gambiae responding to human-occupied bed nets in a novel large-scale system, we characterised key behaviours and events. Four behavioural modes with different levels of net contact were defined: swooping, visiting, bouncing and resting. Approximately 75% of all activity occurred at the bed net roof where multiple brief contacts were focussed above the occupant’s torso. Total flight and net contact times were lower at LLINs than untreated nets but the essential character of the response was unaltered. LLINs did not repel mosquitoes but impacted rapidly: LLIN contact of less than 1 minute per mosquito during the first ten minutes reduced subsequent activity; after thirty minutes, activity at LLINs was negligible. Velocity measurements showed that mosquitoes detected nets, including unbaited untreated nets, prior to contact. This is the most complete characterisation of mosquito-LLIN interactions to date, and reveals many aspects of LLIN mode of action, important for developing the next generation of LLINs

Detection of Cocaine Use with Wireless Electrocardiogram Sensors

In recent years, the ability to continuously monitor activities, health, and lifestyles of individuals using sensor technologies has reached unprecedented levels. Such ubiquitous physiological sensing has the potential to profoundly improve our understanding of human behavior, leading to more targeted treatments for a variety of disorders. The long terms goal of this work is development of novel computational tools to support the study of addiction in the context of cocaine use. The current paper takes the first step in this important direction by posing a simple, but crucial question: Can cocaine use be reliably detected using wearable on-body sensors and current machine learning algorithms? We select wireless ECG as the most promising sensing modality for cocaine use detection. The main contributions in this paper include the presentation of a novel clinical study of cocaine use in which a unique set of wireless ECG data were collected, the description of a computational pipeline for inferring morphological features from noisy wireless ECG waveforms, and the evaluation of cocaine use detection algorithms based on data-driven and knowledge-based feature representations. Our results show that cocaine use can be detected with AUC levels above 0.9 in both the within-subjects and between-subjects cases at the 32mg/70kg dosage level

Assessing and mapping cultural ecosystem services at community level in the Colombian Amazon

Understanding the significance that cultural ecosystem services (CES) have for traditional communities will provide useful input to the design of more appropriate regional or territorial plans for the area in which they are located. We conducted semi-structured surveys in 11 indigenous communities within the corregimiento La Pedrera, of the Colombian Amazon. We analysed the CES established in the region through a study of their preferences in relation to the service providing units (SPUs) identified, using the Shannon diversity index method as an indicator of ‘diversity of use’. More CES were identified in communities with a larger population; education and recreation were the two most prevalent CES categories in the study area. Our findings also highlight the cultural importance of bodies of water, which were strongly linked with Spiritual and Sense of Place CES. Furthermore, the integration of qualitative and quantitative assessments enables a better understanding of the importance CES which have for the local communities involved in the study and may assist in the management of the indigenous territory.EDITED BY Matthias Schröte

Fifteen years controlling unwanted thoughts: A systematic review of the thought control ability questionnaire (TCAQ)

Thought control ability is a vulnerability factor implicated in the etiology and maintenance of emotional disorders. This manuscript aims to systematically review the use and psychometric performance of the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ), designed to assess people's ability to control unwanted thoughts. Three electronic databases were searched for papers administering the TCAQ published in indexed peer-reviewed journals. Data (participants characteristics, country, study design, etc.) were extracted from the results for qualitative synthesis. The TCAQ's content validity, dimensionality, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent/divergent validity, floor/ceiling effects, and interpretability were summarized. Two reviewers independently screened articles and assessed quality taking COSMIN criteria into account. Finally, the review included 17 papers. The TCAQ has been administered to healthy individuals, students, and adult patients, in six languages from nine countries. We found that the TCAQ, and its shorter versions, demonstrate robust reliability and adequate content validity. Of interest is the TCAQ's capacity to predict performance in diverse experimental tasks focused on thought control. The TCAQ unidimensionality has been supported in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Regarding construct validity, the TCAQ is significantly related to a wide range of psychopathological measures of anxiety, worry, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, etc. However, as only a few of the included studies had a longitudinal design, we are unable to draw firm conclusions about the measure's temporal stability. Moreover, psychometric aspects such as factorial invariance across different samples have not been analyzed. Despite these limitations, based on available psychometric evidence we can recommend using the TCAQ for measuring perceived control of unwanted thoughts

Interstellar Polarization Survey II: General Interstellar Medium

Magnetic fields permeate the entire Galaxy and are essential to, for example, the regulation of several stages of the star formation process and cosmic ray transportation. Unraveling its properties, such as intensity and topology, is an observational challenge that requires combining different and complementary techniques. The polarization of starlight due to the absorption by field-aligned non-spherical dust grains provides a unique source of information about the interstellar magnetic field in the optical band. This work introduces a first analysis of a new catalog of optical observations of linearly polarized starlight in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM), the Interstellar Polarization Survey, General ISM (IPS-GI). We used data from the IPS-GI, focusing on 38 fields sampling lines of sight in the diffuse medium. The fields are about 0.3$^{\circ}$ by 0.3$^{\circ}$ in size and each of them contains $\sim1000$ stars on average. The IPS-GI catalog has polarimetric measurements of over 40000 stars, over 18000 of which have ${P}/\sigma_{P} > 5$. We added distances and other parameters from auxiliary catalogs to over 36000 of these stars. We analyzed parameter distributions and correlations between parameters of a high-quality subsample of 10516 stars (i.e. $\sim275$ stars per field). As expected, the degree of polarization tends to increase with the extinction, producing higher values of polarization at greater distances or at lower absolute Galactic latitudes. Furthermore, we find evidence for a large-scale ordered Galactic magnetic field.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A