Relação entre status social subjetivo e saúde percebida entre mulheres imigrantes latino-americanas

OBJECTIVE: to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and subjective social status and explain how subjective social status predicts health in immigrant women. METHODS: cross-sectional study based on data from 371 Latin American women (16-65 years old) from a total of 7,056 registered immigrants accesse through community parthers between 2009-2010. Socioeconomic status was measured through education, income and occupation; subjective social status was measured using the MacArthur Scale, and perceived health, using a Likert scale. RESULTS: a weak correlation between socioeconomic and subjective social status was found. In the bivariate analysis, a significantly higher prevalence of negative perceived health in women with no education, low income, undocumented employment was observed. In the multivariate analysis, higher odds of prevalence of negative perceptions of health in the lower levels of the MacArthur scale were observed. No significant differences with the rest of the variables were found. CONCLUSIONS: the study suggests that subjective social status was a better predictor of health status than the socioeconomic status measurements. Therefore, the use of this measurement may be relevant to the study of health inequalities, particularly in socially disadvantaged groups such as immigrants.OBJETIVO: explorar la relación entre el estatus socioeconómico y el estatus social subjetivo y explicar en qué medida el estatus social subjetivo predice la salud en mujeres inmigrantes. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal. Observaciones basadas en 371 latinoamericanas (16-65 años) de un total de 7.056 empadronadas, captadas a través de asociaciones entre 2009-2010. El estatus socioeconómico se midió a través de educación, ingresos y ocupación; el estatus social subjetivo usando la Escala MacArthur; y la salud percibida mediante una escala de likert. RESULTADOS: se encontró una correlación débil entre el estatus socioeconómico y el social subjetivo. En el análisis bivariante se observó significativamente una prevalencia mayor de salud percibida negativa en las mujeres sin estudios, con ingresos bajos, desempleadas e indocumentadas. En el análisis multivariante, se observaron Odds de prevalencia de salud percibida negativa más elevadas en los niveles de la escala MacArthur más bajos. No se observaron diferencias significativas con el resto de las variables. CONCLUSIONES: el estudio sugiere que el estatus social subjetivo es un predictor mejor del estado de salud que las medidas del estatus socioeconómico. Por tanto, el uso de esta medida puede ser relevante para el estudio de las desigualdades en salud, particularmente en los grupos en desventaja social como los inmigrantes.OBJETIVO: explorar a relação entre nível socieconômico e status social subjetivo e explicar como o status social subjetivo prediz a saúde em mulheres imigrantes. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal com observações baseadas em 371 mulheres latino-americanas (16-65 anos) de um total de 7.056 registradas, recrutadas por meio de parcerias entre os anos 2009 e 2010. O nível socioeconômico foi mensurado por meio de escolaridade, renda e profissão; o status social subjetivo foi mensurado utilizando-se a Escala MacArthur, e a saúde percebida, usando-se uma escala tipo Likert. RESULTADOS: encontrou-se fraca correlação entre o nível socioeconômico e o status social subjetivo. Na análise bivariada, observou-se prevalência significativamente mais alta de saúde percebida negativamente em mulheres sem escolaridade, baixa renda, desempregadas e com emprego informal. Na análise multivariada, observaram-se maiores chances de prevalência de saúde percebida negativamente, nos níveis mais baixos da escala MacArthur. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas demais variáveis. CONCLUSÕES: o estudo sugere que o status social subjetivo foi um melhor preditor de status de saúde do que as mensurações de status econômico. Portanto, o uso dessa medida pode ser relevante para o estudo das desigualdades em saúde, particularmente nos grupos em desvantagem social, como os imigrantes

Waste Management : the Disconnection between Normative and SMEs Reality

Waste generation is a critical factor in global environmental degradation, where SMEs have been historically relevant yet underestimated. This study covers the issue of the disconnection between the normative and SMEs reality. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the relationship between waste management norms and their application in Chilean SMEs. For context, Chile is the nation that generates the most amount of waste per capita in the region. Nevertheless, the country also has one of the most rigorous waste frameworks in the region, by means of the Extended Responsibility Producer (ERP) law, which has been gradually implemented since 2016. Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews with 25 SMEs. The results show the practical limitations of SMEs in complying with the waste law, the lack of traceability in the waste management system, and the need for economic support and technical assistance to improve the use and management of sustainable raw materials. Therefore, this study contributes to the limited knowledge of how SMEs implement waste management norms and their importance in diminishing waste generation and promoting waste hierarchy

Gamificación y ELE: ¿moda pasajera o ha venido para quedarse?

El interés por llevar al aula propuestas didácticas que aumenten la motivación, no solo ex- trínseca sino también intrínseca, en los alumnos se está manifestando con la implementación de propuestas gamificadas en la enseñanza (Mena, 2015; Batlle, 2016; Tudela, 2017). En el ámbito de la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera se ofrecen cursos centrados en esta estrategia didáctica, contamos con tesis (Lombardi, 2013; González, 2014) y TFM (Riquel, 2014; Carreras, 2016; Scapolan, 2016) que giran alrededor de su uso en la enseñanza de ELE, y ya se empieza a contar con propuestas didácticas tanto para el aprendizaje de ELE como para la formación de profesores. Parece llegado el momento de poder ver en qué grado de implantación se encuentra la gamificación en la formación continua del profesorado de ELE, qué propuestas didácticas se están realizando y qué investigaciones se están llevando a cabo en torno a ella. En esta propuesta se pretende hacer una revisión del estado de la cuestión de la gamificación, para ello hemos seleccionado tres ejes: formación continua del profesorado de ELE (revisión de los cursos que se ofrecen en red), investigación centradas en la gamificación (revisión de TFM y tesis cuyos objetivos aborden el ámbito de la gamificación en el contexto de ELE), análisis de propuestas didácticas gamificadas (a partir de la información que los profesores libremente comparten a través de la red en grupos cerrados de facebook o en sus blogs).Todo ello, por un lado, con el objetivo de mejorar la implementación de las actividades gami- ficadas en el aula de ELE, haciendo más hincapié en la activación o incremento de la motiva- ción intrínseca, así como, perfeccionar la calidad de la retroalimentación que se ofrece en las mismas teniendo en cuenta las directrices de un tipo de evaluación formativa. Asimismo, por otro lado, poder insertar estas actividades en los currículums de la enseñanza reglada y centros de lenguas de este ámbito en sus diferentes niveles académicos. En resumen, los primeros resultados de la investigación en curso nos llevan a afirmar que de momento abundan propuestas centradas en gamificación superficial y acotada a pocas sesiones de clase. Quizás el reto para el futuro sea considerar esta técnica ya no como algo esporádico y poco planificado, sino estructurado e institucionalizado con todas las ventajas que esto conlleva

Quality indicators: developing 'MOOCs' in the European Higher Education Area

The objective of this research is to design an integrated system of evaluation of the quality of the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) taking into account the features of this type of courses. The criteria included in the evaluation of the quality of e-learning training in a broad sense are considered, and specifically those developed for the MOOCs. Using a quantitative, descriptive and sectional design, a team of experts have valued those indicators proposed by the scientific literature. To do this, eight courses, focusing on the field of entrepreneurship and innovation, were selected. Most of the analysed courses meet designated quality criteria by having a clear and organized academic structure. In addition, each course states clearly the timing and hours of dedication by the learner. However, only a few courses do that on the open Internet and on their own academic institutions' websites. None of the MOOCs establishes the admission requirements. The main contribution of the current research is that it gives MOOC developers some quality indicators, related to course design and platform, to better plan their applied design and implementation, which has a decisive positive impact on the educational quality of such e-learning platforms

Del entorno universitario al entorno profesional: conocimiento del riesgo biológico antes de iniciar las prácticas en los estudiantes de grado de enfermería

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de conocimientos frente al riesgo biológico de los estudiantes de Grado de Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB) antes de iniciar sus prácticas asistenciales. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en la Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería de la UB en estudiantes matriculados en las asignaturas de Estancias Clínicas I y Estancias Clínicas II durante el curso académico 2013-2014 (N=78). Variables: sociodemográficas, laborales, formativas, estado vacunal del estudiante y referente a los conocimientos sobre las normas de bioseguridad. Se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia. En el análisis descriptivo se obtuvieron frecuencias y porcentajes y se realizó tabulación y tablas de contingencia para las variables cualitativas. Resultados: El 65,3% (n=51) de los estudiantes tenían un nivel de conocimientos medio- bajo respecto a la prevención del riesgo biológico antes de realizar las asignaturas prácticas. El 76,9% (n = 60) y el 88,5% (n=69) desconocían cuál era el porcentaje de seroconversión después de pincharse con una aguja contaminada con VIH..

Models for the Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview

Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated to different physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological impairments collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The underlying mechanisms of ethanol toxicity are not completely understood. Experimental studies during human pregnancy to identify new diagnostic biomarkers are difficult to carry out beyond genetic or epigenetic analyses in biological matrices. Therefore, animal models are a useful tool to study the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the central nervous system and analyze the benefits of promising therapies. Animal models of alcohol spectrum disorder allow the analysis of key variables such as amount, timing and frequency of ethanol consumption to describe the harmful effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In this review, we aim to synthetize neurodevelopmental disabilities in rodent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes, considering facial dysmorphology and fetal growth restriction. We examine the different neurodevelopmental stages based on the most consistently implicated epigenetic mechanisms, cell types and molecular pathways, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of murine models in the study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the different routes of alcohol administration, and alcohol consumption patterns applied to rodents. Finally, we analyze a wide range of phenotypic features to identify fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes in murine models, exploring facial dysmorphology, neurodevelopmental deficits, and growth restriction, as well as the methodologies used to evaluate behavioral and anatomical alterations produced by prenatal alcohol exposure in rodents

Murine Models for the Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Overview.

Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated to different physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological impairments collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The underlying mechanisms of ethanol toxicity are not completely understood. Experimental studies during human pregnancy to identify new diagnostic biomarkers are difficult to carry out beyond genetic or epigenetic analyses in biological matrices. Therefore, animal models are a useful tool to study the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the central nervous system and analyze the benefits of promising therapies. Animal models of alcohol spectrum disorder allow the analysis of key variables such as amount, timing and frequency of ethanol consumption to describe the harmful effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In this review, we aim to synthetize neurodevelopmental disabilities in rodent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes, considering facial dysmorphology and fetal growth restriction. We examine the different neurodevelopmental stages based on the most consistently implicated epigenetic mechanisms, cell types and molecular pathways, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of murine models in the study of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the different routes of alcohol administration, and alcohol consumption patterns applied to rodents. Finally, we analyze a wide range of phenotypic features to identify fetal alcohol spectrum disorder phenotypes in murine models, exploring facial dysmorphology, neurodevelopmental deficits, and growth restriction, as well as the methodologies used to evaluate behavioral and anatomical alterations produced by prenatal alcohol exposure in rodents

Systematic analysis of the polyphenol metabolome using the Phenol-Explorer database

SCOPE: The Phenol-Explorer web database details 383 polyphenol metabolites identified in human and animal biofluids from 221 publications. Here we exploit these data to characterize and visualize the polyphenol metabolome, the set of all metabolites derived from phenolic food components. METHODS AND RESULTS: Qualitative and quantitative data on 383 polyphenol metabolites as described in 424 human and animal intervention studies were systematically analyzed. Of these metabolites, 301 were identified without prior enzymatic hydrolysis of biofluids, and included glucuronide and sulfate esters, glycosides, aglycones, and O-methyl ethers. Around one third of these compounds are also known as food constituents and corresponded to polyphenols absorbed without further metabolism. Many ring-cleavage metabolites formed by gut microbiota were noted, mostly derived from hydroxycinnamates, flavanols and flavonols. Median maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax ) of all human metabolites were 0.09 μM and 0.32 μM when consumed from foods or dietary supplements respectively. Median time to reach maximum plasma concentration in humans (Tmax ) was 2.18 h. CONCLUSION: These data show the complexity of the polyphenol metabolome and the need to take into account biotransformations to understand in vivo bioactivities and the role of dietary polyphenols in health and disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Evaluando los Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): Un sistema integrado de calidad en el EEES

Comunicació presentada al Congrés Internacional de Docència Universitària i Innovació (CIDUI) 2016. Publicat a la Revista del CIDUIEl objetivo de esta investigación es el diseño de un sistema integrado de evaluación de la calidad de los MOOCs. Para ello se han considerado los criterios de evaluación empleados por diversas instituciones y autores (vg. REACU, ENQUA...). Metodológicamente, se ha aplicado un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y seccional para evaluar diversos cursos sobre emprendeduría e innovación. La principal contribución es establecer indicadores de calidad en el desarrollo e implementación de los MOOCs.Vicerrectorat de Política Docent i Lingüística. Programa de Millora i Innovació Docent de la Universitat de Barcelon

Brand clarity of local and global brands in fast-moving consumer goods : an empirical study in a Middle East country

Purpose - This paper aims to analyze different brand clarity levels (BCLs) of local, global and glocal types of brands in fast-moving consumer goods from the consumer's perspective. The study also intends to identify whether the consumer's previous experience with such brands may impact BCL. Design/methodology/approach - Twenty-eight global and local brands were used to test the hypotheses by conducting a survey with 400 consumers in the emerging economy of Iran. The authors applied a quantitative technique of brand classification, previously proposed in the literature. After categorizing the brands as local, global or glocal, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc and t-test analyses were performed to identify whether the different types of brands had different BCLs. Findings - The results showed that brand clarity was significantly higher for local bands than for global or glocal brands and that it was higher for glocal bands than for global brands. Furthermore, the consumer's prior experience with a brand had no impact on BCL for different types of brands. Social implications - For global brand managers, it is essential to know that local brands in Middle Eastern emerging markets may have more brand clarity than global brands. Therefore, if global brands intend to enter these markets, adopting a glocal positioning appears to be a helpful strategy. Besides, the results suggest that managers should analyze brand categorization from the consumer's perspective, i.e. from a subjective instead of an objective perspective. Originality/value - This was the first study analyzing the BCL of local, global and glocal brands and identifying significant differences in their BCL