Invisible Bilingual and Bicultural Groups in Japan

Japanese returnees and Coda (Hearing Children of Deaf adults) are bilingual and bicultural groups, yet invisible in Japanese society. Both groups have experienced marginalization from their peers in Japan due to their language use and bicultural identity. Coda and returnees alike are shown to be seeking an identity that they can reconcile with their cultural context in Japan. This joint paper aims to develop the concepts of bilingualism and biculturalism by sharing the experiences of these unique minority groups in Japan. 要旨本論文は、日本人帰国生とコーダ（聞こえない親を持つ聞こえる子ども）のバイリンガリズムとバイカルチュラリズムについて考察する。２つのグループは、一見関係性のないように見える。しかし、両グループは、彼らのバイリンガリズムとバイカルチュラリズムに日本社会において注目されてこなかったという点において共通している。また、両グループとも、日本において疎外感を感じ、日本の文化的コンテクストにおいて安心できるアイデンティティを求めているという点も類似している。本論文は、日本におけるユニークな少数グループの経験を共有することによりバイリンガリズムとバイカルチュラリズムの概念を広げることを目的とする

CLDジ ノ ワクグミ カラ カンガエル コーダ ノ バイリンガリズム バイカルチュラリズム アイデンティティ

「コーダ（Coda: Children of Deaf Adult/s）」とは、聞こえない親を持つ聞こえる子どもを意味する呼称である。聞こえない親との生活を通して、手話とろう文化に触れることから、手話と音声言語のバイリンガル、ろう文化と聴文化のバイカルチュラルに育つコーダもいる。移民の子どもや国際児と同様な背景を持つコーダがいるにもかかわらず、現在までCLD 児の枠組みでコーダについて言及されることは少なかった。本論文では、２名の成人コーダへのインタビューから、「コーダ」という言葉に思春期までに出会い他のコーダやろう者と交流を持つことが、コーダの肯定的なアイデンティティ形成に重要であると仮説を立てた。今後、手話と音声言語の二言語、ろう文化と聴文化の二文化の環境で過ごすコーダについての研究が発展することで、国籍や滞在国だけでは判断できないCLD 児の存在にも目を向けることに繋がると期待する。“Coda” is the term used to describe hearing Children of Deaf Adult/s. Some Coda become bilingual of sign and spoken language, and bicultural of Deaf and hearing cultures. Although these Coda have similar background to children of immigrants or international children (kokusaiji), Coda have been invisible in the discussions of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) children. In this paper, one hypothesis was built from interview data of two Coda adult participants: acknowledging the term “Coda” by the age of adolescence and meeting other Coda and Deaf adults/children are important to affirmatively develop identity of Coda. Further research on Coda who are bilingual and bicultural will lead to studies on other invisible CLD children who cannot be judged by their nationalities and living countries.研究ノートResearch Not

Unusual surface states associated with the PT-symmetry breaking and antiferromagnetic band folding in NdSb

We have performed micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on NdSb which exhibits the type-I antiferromagnetism below TN = 16 K. We succeeded in selectively observing the band structure for all the three types of single-q antiferromagnetic (AF) domains at the surface. We found that the two of three surfaces whose AF-ordering vector lies within the surface plane commonly show two-fold-symmetric surface states (SSs) around the bulk-band edges, whereas the other surface with an out-of-plane AF-ordering vector displays four-fold-symmetric shallow electronlike SS at the Brillouin-zone center. We suggest that these SSs commonly originate from the combination of the PT (space-inversion and time-reversal) symmetry breaking at the surface and the band folding due to the AF order. The present results pave a pathway toward understanding the relationship between the symmetry and the surface electronic states in antiferromagnets.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

Strukturierung des Unterrichts anhand der Lehrer:innenfragen. Perspektiven der Jugyo Kenkyu

Analog zum Leipziger Ansatz der qualitativen Unterrichtsforschung stellt das Team der Hiroshima Universität sein spezifisches Vorgehen der Lesson Study vor. Auf der Basis der normativen Lesson Study mit Fokus auf die Gruppenbildung im Klassenzimmer zeigt die Analyse ihre Praxisnähe und moniert ein gewisses Defizit der Untersuchungsmaterialien, die aus dem Kontext der qualitativen Unterrichtsforschung bereitgestellt wurden. Die forschungsmethodologische Differenz zeigt sich darin, dass der Fokus auf die Lehrer:innenfrage im qualitativen Zugang Prozesse der Offenheit und Lenkung und in der Jugyo Kenkyu Strukturen der Gruppenbildung in den Blick rückt. (DIPF/Orig.

Psychosocial factors at work and inflammatory markers: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Chronic inflammation may be a mediator for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic diseases and psychotic and neurodegenerative disorders. Meta-analytic associations between work-related psychosocial factors and inflammatory markers have shown that work-related psychosocial factors could affect the flexibility and balance of the immune system. However, few systematic reviews or meta-analyses have investigated the association between work-related psychosocial factors and inflammatory markers. Based on prospective studies, the present investigation will conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between work-related psychosocial factors and inflammatory markers.Methods and analysis The systematic review and meta-analysis will include published studies identified from electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science and Japan Medical Abstracts Society) according to recommendations of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. Inclusion criteria are studies that: examined associations between work-related psychosocial factors and increased inflammatory markers; used longitudinal or prospective cohort designs; were conducted among workers; provided sufficient data for calculating ORs or relative risk with 95% CIs; were published as original articles in English or Japanese; and were published up to the end of 2017. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment and statistical syntheses will be conducted by 14 investigators. Any inconsistencies or disagreements will be resolved through discussion. The quality of studies will be evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies.Ethics and dissemination The investigation study will be based on published studies, so ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be submitted for publication in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. The findings may be useful for assessing risk factors for increased inflammatory markers in the workplace and determining future approaches for preventing CVD, metabolic diseases and psychotic and neurodegenerative disorders

Potassium Currents Activated by Depolarization in Odontoblasts

Increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations elicit plasma membrane depolarization, which leads to the activation of K+ currents. However, the precise properties of K+ currents activated by depolarization in odontoblasts remain to be elucidated. The present study identified biophysical and pharmacological characteristics of time-dependent and voltage-activated K+ currents in freshly dissociated rat odontoblasts using patch-clamp recordings in a whole-cell configuration. Using a holding potential of −70 mV, outwardly rectifying time- and voltage-dependent currents were activated by depolarizing voltage. To record pure K+ conductance, we substituted Cl− in both the extracellular and intracellular solutions with gluconate−. Under these conditions, observation of K+ concentration changes in the extracellular solution showed that reversal potentials of tail currents shifted according to the K+ equilibrium potential. The activation kinetics of outward K+ currents were relatively slow and depended on the membrane potential. Kinetics of steady-state inactivation were fitted by a Boltzmann function. The half-maximal inactivation potential was −38 mV. Tetraethylammonium chloride, 4-aminopyridine, and α-dendrotoxin inhibited outward currents in odontoblasts in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that rat odontoblasts express the α-subunit of the time- and voltage-dependent K+ channel (Kv) subtypes Kv1.1, 1.2, and/or 1.6. We further examined the effects of Kv activity on mineralization by alizarin red and von Kossa staining. Continuous application of tetraethylammonium chloride to human odontoblasts grown in a mineralization medium over a 21-day period exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in mineralization efficiency compared to cells without tetraethylammonium chloride. This suggests that odontoblasts functionally express voltage-dependent K+ channels that play important roles in dentin formation