CONSUMO E DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE DO FENO DE Andropogon gayanus COLHIDO EM TRÊS IDADES DIFERENTES

Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta, frações fibrosas, energia e balanço do nitrogênio do feno de Andropogon gayanus colhido em três diferentes idades (56, 84 e 112 dias). O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e seis repetições. As digestibilidades aparentes da matéria seca, das frações fibrosas e da energia bruta foram maiores para os fenos colhidos aos 56 e 84 dias (P0,05). Os valores de consumo e digestibilidade aparente apontam as idades de 56 e 84 dias como as melhores dentre as estudadas para o corte do capim A. gayanus para fenação. Palavras-chave: forragem; ovino; valor nutritivo

EVALUATION OF SORGHUM SILAGE WITH ADDITIVES – ALTERATIONS IN DRY MATTER, FIBROUS FRACTIONS AND “IN VITRO” DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY

This work evaluated the fermentation pattern of sorghum silage hybrid BR 601 with and without additives. At ensiling time, silages were enriched with the additives, adopting the following treatments: silages without additive (control), with 0.5% urea, 0.5% limestone, 0.5% urea plus limestone and bacterial inoculant. The materials were stored into PVC silos, opened after 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of ensiling. Alterations were determined in dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, cellulose, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin contents and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 5 x 7 factorial scheme, and the means were compared by the SNK test at 5% probability. The silage enriched with urea plus limestone showed highest loss of DM. No difference was observed between silage with additives and control regarding NDF, hemicellulose, cellulose and DMIVD. The additives promoted changes in the ADF and lignin contents

Respirometry and Ruminant Nutrition

The gaseous exchange between an organism and the environment is measured by respirometry or indirect calorimetry. Once the oxygen consumption (O2) and the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are known, the energy losses by gas and heat can be calculated. Energy metabolism and methane production have been studied in the Calorimetry and Metabolism Laboratory of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Animals used are mainly Zebu cattle and their crossbreeds that represent most beef and dairy cattle breed grazed on tropical pastures. System calibration and routine work are addressed in this text. The results obtained on respirometric chambers are expressed in net energy (NE), which can be net energy for maintenance (NEm), lactation (NEL), weight gain (NEg), and pregnancy (NEp). NE is, in fact, what is used by the animal for maintenance and each productive function. The values of k (conversion efficiency of ME into NE) for maintenance (km), milk (kL), weight gain or growth (kg), and pregnancy (kp) are determined. Thanks to the peculiarity of the respirometric technique, the same animal can be evaluated several times, in different physiological states and planes of nutrition

GREEN FORAGE FIBROUS FRACTIONS AND THREE PEARL MILLET GENOTYPES SILAGE [Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. BR.] IN DIFFERENT FERMENTATION PERIODS

It was determined the fibrous fraction (NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in green forage and pearl millet silages (CMS-1, BRS-1501 and BN-2). The genotypes were planted at Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, ensiled in PVC laboratory silos and evaluated after one, three, five, seven, 14, 28 and 56 days. NDF values ranged from 46.96 to 62.43% and ADF from 27.86 to 34.56%. Hemicellulose contents in green forage were significantly lower than in silages after 56 days ensiling. The NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin mean values in green forages and silages after 56 days of fermentation were 60.76 and 51.8%, 33.58 and 31.54%, 29.25 and 27.66%, 27.18 and 20.26%; 4.33 and 3.89%, respectively. The NDF and ADF average values found in this work were lower than those reported in other studies. The hemicellulose fraction contributed as an additional subtract source to the fermentation process. BRS-1501 genotype showed the lower NDF and ADF contents

Intake, apparent digestibility, and methane emission in bulls receiving a feed supplement of monensin, virginiamycin, or a combination

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the feed supplements monensin, virginiamycin, or a combination of the two, on intake, digestibility, and methane emission in the male cattle breed F 1 Holstein · Gir. We used a complete randomised design with four treatments consisting of the control, monensin, virginiamycin, and a combination of the two. The basal diets were composed of sorghum silage with Tanzania grass and the concentrate in the 1 : 1 ratio. Nutrient intake (P > 0.05) and the apparent digestibility coefficients (P > 0.05) were not affected by the supplementation with monensin, virginiamycin, or both. The combination of the supplements did affect methane emission (P < 0.05) when expressed in L/day, L/(kg DM), and L/(kg DM digestible). The lowest methane production was obtained with the combination of the supplements

Epidemiological aspects and oral implications of Paracoccidioidomycosis infection: an integrative review

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It represents a significant infection in South America, occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical countries such as Brazil. Oral mucosal lesions, which are the most important symptom in dentistry, may be the first visible physical manifestation of the disease, often preceding even pulmonary lesions. This study aims to carry out an integrative literature review to identify the main epidemiological aspects and oral implications of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PMC) infection. A search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases and, after applying the inclusion, exclusion, eligibility and thematic relevance criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis in this study. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is endemic in Brazil and mainly affects middle-aged and elderly men and occurs in rural areas. It is a systemic disease where clinical manifestations are often added to oral lesions. Dentists play a key role in identifying these lesions, in the correct diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Making PCM notification compulsory in Brazil is essential.Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It represents a significant infection in South America, occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical countries such as Brazil. Oral mucosal lesions, which are the most important symptom in dentistry, may be the first visible physical manifestation of the disease, often preceding even pulmonary lesions. This study aims to carry out an integrative literature review to identify the main epidemiological aspects and oral implications of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PMC) infection. A search was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases and, after applying the inclusion, exclusion, eligibility and thematic relevance criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis in this study. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is endemic in Brazil and mainly affects middle-aged and elderly men and occurs in rural areas. It is a systemic disease where clinical manifestations are often added to oral lesions. Dentists play a key role in identifying these lesions, in the correct diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Making PCM notification compulsory in Brazil is essential

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A reatividade negativa oriunda da poliquimioterapia imposta na Hanseníase

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, que devido às repercussões clínicas e aos dados epidemiológicos é considerada de notificação compulsória. Contudo, esse transtorno quando é precocemente identificado e adequadamente manejado, evita consideravelmente o círculo vicioso de contágio e as manifestações clínicas que tornam a doença tão alvo de estigma. Objetivo: Descrever a reação negativa oriunda da poliquimioterapia imposta na hanseníase. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, fundamentada nas plataformas do Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs e demais literaturas pertinentes ao tema, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: Reação Hansênica, Efeitos Adversos e Poliquimioterapia, no período de janeiro de 2023. Resultados e Discussão:  Atualmente, o protocolo terapêutico voltado para a Hanseníase é a poliquimioterapia e possui boa eficácia e tolerância pela maioria dos pacientes.  No advém, a minoria destes apresenta reações adversas que variam de leve a exacerbadas e que devem ser devidamente classificados e orientados para outras opções farmacológica, objetivando impedir que o paciente abandone o tratamento, junto às enormes repercussões oriundas deste, e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Estima-se que o tratamento da Hanseníase é algo importante e indispensável para evitar problemas de saúde pública, mas este se baseia em uma alta carga associada de remédios potentes, a qual alguns portadores possuem sensibilidade e se orientados, podem continuar o tratamento até o alcance da cura.&nbsp