Feature-Based Molecular Networking Analysis of the Metabolites Produced by in vitro Solid-State Fermentation Reveals Pathways for the Bioconversion of Epigallocatechin Gallate

Dark teas are prepared by a microbial fermentation process. Flavan-3-ol B-ring fission analogues (FBRFAs) are some of the key bioactive constituents that characterise dark teas. The precursors and the synthetic mechanism involved in the formation of FBRFAs are not known. Using a unique solid-state fermentation system with β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexation, as well as targeted chromatographic isolation, spectroscopic identification, and Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN) on the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web-platform, we reveal that dihydromyricetin and the FBRFAs, including teadenol A and fuzhuanin A, are derived from epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) upon exposure to fungal strains isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea. In particular the strains from subphylum Pezizomycotina were key drivers for these B-/C-ring oxidation transformations. These are the same transformations seen during the fermentation process of dark teas. These discoveries set the stage to enrich dark teas and other food products for these health promoting constituents

Locally Adaptive DCT Filtering for Signal-Dependent Noise Removal

This work addresses the problem of signal-dependent noise removal in images. An adaptive nonlinear filtering approach in the orthogonal transform domain is proposed and analyzed for several typical noise environments in the DCT domain. Being applied locally, that is, within a window of small support, DCT is expected to approximate the Karhunen-Loeve decorrelating transform, which enables effective suppression of noise components. The detail preservation ability of the filter allowing not to destroy any useful content in images is especially emphasized and considered. A local adaptive DCT filtering for the two cases, when signal-dependent noise can be and cannot be mapped into additive uncorrelated noise with homomorphic transform, is formulated. Although the main issue is signal-dependent and pure multiplicative noise, the proposed filtering approach is also found to be competing with the state-of-the-art methods on pure additive noise corrupted images

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties of a Novel Complex of Hydantoin-5-acetic acid with Co(II)

Yolcu, Zuhal/0000-0001-7761-122X; TAS, MURAT/0000-0002-2879-6501WOS: 000317691200018The complex, tetraaqua bis(hydantoin-5-acetato) cobalt(II) was synthesized by the reaction of hydantoin-5-acetic acid and CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O presence of NaHCO3. The structure of the complex was determined by X-Ray single crystal data the thermal analyses, FT-IR and magnetic susceptibility data are also presented. The monoclinic crystal of the title compound, [Co(C5H5N2O4)(2)(H2O)(4)], lie across centers of inversion in space group P21/c. The complex features a distorted octahedral [CoO6] coordination with hydantoin-5-acetato and water ligands. The hydantoin-5-acetato anion is bonded to the cobalt(II) ion via its deprotonated carboxylic acid O atom. The complex molecules show three dimensional supramolecular networks by O-H center dot center dot center dot O and N-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions

Pricing of Loan Commitments for Facilitating Stochastic Liquidity Needs

Pricing of bank loan commitments, Liquidity needs, Bank liquidity reserve holding, G12, G21,