Algoritmo de tomografía local basado en la transformada discreta Wavelet

La tomografía es la reconstrucción de la imagen de una sección transversal de un objeto, a partir de sus proyecciones. El objetivo de todas las modalidades de la imagen médica es visualizar los órganos internos del cuerpo de una manera no invasiva, para obtener información estructural y anatómica como en la TC (Tomografía Computarizada). La reconstrucción de la imagen a partir de un conjunto infinito de proyecciones se conocía desde 1917 cuando Johann Radon publico un artículo donde apareció la transformada que hoy lleva su nombre. Esta transformada nos indica que la imagen de un objeto esta precisa e inequívocamente determinada por el conjunto infinito de todas sus proyecciones. Sin embargo, en la práctica no existe un numero infinito de proyecciones, las proyecciones no son infinitamente delgadas y ademas poseen errores experimentales. Por lo tanto lo que se precisa no es una formula idealizada, sino un algoritmo eficiente para calcularla.viii, 96 p.Contenido parcial: Terminología y preliminares – Las transformadas de Radon y Wavelet -- El problema de la tomografía local

Predictive Model using Risk Factors for Cesarean Section

Purpose: to investigate antepartum factors related to cesarean section and develop a cesarean section predictive model. Methods: the study design was a retrospective cohort which included all the cared 843 deliveries in a third level unit from June 1993 through November 1994. Children with 1,000 g birthweight and above were included. The dependent variable was cesarean section (c-section). Independent variables were antepartum factors related to c-section. Logistic regression was used to develop a predictive model. Results: our model showed risk of c-section according to the following variables: maternal age under 20 years (OR = 0.396) and over 28 years (OR = 2.133); previous vaginal deliveries (OR = 0.626); previous c-section (OR = 4.576); prenatal care (OR = 2.346); breech presentation (OR = 4.174); twin pregnancies (OR = 14.065); late obstetrical hemorrhage (OR = 28.189); mild preeclampsia (OR = 2.180); severe preeclampsia OR=16.738; chronic hypertension OR=4.927 and other clinical problems (OR = 2.012). The predictive model had a concordance of 82.3% between probabilities and responses. Conclusions: our study identified 12 antepartum factors related to c-section. It was possible to develop a cesarean section predictive model taking into account all previously identified antepartum risk factors.Objetivos: Identificar fatores anteparto relacionados à ocorrência de cesariana. Construir modelo preditivo de cesariana. Pacientes e Métodos: Foram estudados todos os 843 partos assistidos em unidade obstétrica de nível III, no período de junho de 1993 a novembro de 1994.O delineamento do estudo foi de coorte do tipo retrospectivo. O critério de inclusão foi de recém-nascido vivo pesando 1.000 g ou mais. A variável dependente foi cesariana, dicotomizada como presente ou ausente. As variáveis independentes foram os fatores anteparto relacionados à cesariana. Para a construção do modelo foi utilizada a regressão logística. Resultados: O modelo multivariado mostrou risco de cesariana de acordo com as seguintes variáveis independentes: adolescência (idade inferior a 20 anos), odds ratio (OR) = 0,396; idade materna igual ou superior a 28 anos, OR = 2,133; antecedente de parto normal, OR = 0,626; antecedente de cesariana OR = 4,576; assistência pré-natal, OR=2,346; apresentação pélvica, OR = 4,174; gemelaridade OR = 14,065; hemorragia da segunda metade da prenhez, OR = 28,189; pré-eclampsia leve, OR = 2,180; pré-eclampsia grave, OR = 16,738; hipertensão arterial crônica, OR = 4,927, e outras intercorrências maternas, OR = 2,012. O modelo matemático mostrou concordância entre a probabilidade prevista e a resposta observada em 82,3%, o que indica sua eficiência. Conclusões: Foram identificados 12 fatores anteparto relacionados à ocorrência de cesariana. Foi possível construir modelo preditivo de cesariana utilizando os fatores de risco anteparto identificados no presente estudo.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de ObstetríciaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de ObstetríciaSciEL

Impact of Covid-19 on Listed US-Based Airline Companies: Abnormal Returns Analysis An Event Study Methodology

The primary goal of the thesis is to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic had on the stock prices and market performance of a sample of 11 listed airline companies in the United States by using the event study methodology. Our findings are based on the data calculated and extracted from Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS). We aim to explore the Abnormal Returns (AR) and Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) of the airlines in the sample during our short event window. The result of our analysis shows that there has been an overall significant negative impact on the stock returns of our sample during our event window, especially after the declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. However, the demonstration of our results also shows some positive occurrences, which indicates that investors saw an opportunity to invest in the airlines, specifically the airlines with the highest brand values, and take advantage of the lower prices.publishedVersio

Puerperal morbidity in HIV-positive women

PURPOSE: the morbidity in HIV-positive patients due to puerperal fever was studied and correlated to the method and duration of labor, the duration of premature rupture of the membranes, CD4+ cell count and the viral load (VL) at peridelivery. METHODS: a total of 207 HIV-positive women with prenatal examinations and deliveries between May 1997 and December 2001 were enrolled. Of these, 32 had natural childbirth and 175 had a cesarean section. Of the total of enrolled patients, 62.8% were submitted to elective cesarean section. The average age of the group was 27.4 years, and 25.6% were nulliparous and 26% were primiparous. At the moment of the delivery the average gestational age was 37.8 weeks. At the end of pregnancy the average of the CD4+ cell count was approximately 481 cells/mm³ and the viral load 49,100 copies/mL. RESULTS: puerperal morbidity occurred in 34 patients, with 33 after cesarean section and one after natural childbirth. The most usual intercurrent post-cesarean infection was that of the surgical wound (13% of the infection cases). Analyzed factors, such as delivery duration, duration of rupture of the membranes, number of CD4+ cells or the viral load at peridelivery, did not interfere in puerperal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: puerperal morbidity was 16.8% and occurred more frequently after cesarean sections (18.9%) than after vaginal deliveries (3.1%). The other factors did not present a significant effect on puerperal morbidity.OBJETIVO: avaliar as taxas de morbidade febril puerperal em pacientes infectadas pelo HIV e sua correlação com a via de parto, duração do trabalho de parto, tempo de rotura de membranas, número de células CD4+ e carga viral do HIV periparto. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 207 gestantes infectadas pelo HIV, com seguimento pré-natal e parto entre maio de 1997 e dezembro de 2001, sendo 32 submetidas a parto vaginal e 175 a cesárea. Do total de pacientes, 62,8% foram submetidas a cesárea eletiva. A idade média no grupo analisado foi de 27,4 anos, 25,6% eram nulíparas e 26% primíparas, com idade gestacional média de 37,8 semanas no momento do parto. A contagem média de células CD4+ foi de 481 células /mm³ e da carga viral do HIV de 49.100 cópias/mL, ambas no final da gestação. RESULTADOS: a morbidade febril puerperal ocorreu em 34 pacientes, sendo 33 pós-cesárea e 1 pós-parto vaginal. O tipo mais comum de intercorrência infecciosa pós-cesárea foi infecção de cicatriz cirúrgica (13% dos casos de infecção). Os fatores analisados, como duração do trabalho de parto, tempo de rotura de membranas, contagem de células CD4+ ou carga viral do HIV periparto, não interferiram na taxa de morbidade febril puerperal. CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de morbidade febril puerperal foi de 16,8%, sendo mais freqüente pós-cesárea (18,9%) que pós-parto vaginal (3,1%). Os demais fatores não mostraram relação significativa com a taxa de morbidade febril puerperal.Escola Paulista de Medicina Núcleo de Patologias Infecciosas na GravidezUNIFESP, EPM, Núcleo de Patologias Infecciosas na GravidezSciEL

Effects of chronic amprenavir treatment on rat pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the chronic effects of amprenavir on implantations, reabsorptions, fetuses, placentae, and maternal and fetal mortality in the albino rat. METHODS: five groups of EPM-1 Wistar pregnant rats were used: two controls: Contr1 (control of stress) and Contr2 (drug vehicle control), and 3 experimental groups that were treated once a day throughout gestation with 46mg/kg (Exper1), 138mg/kg (Exper2) and 414mg/kg (Exper3) of oral solution of amprenavir. The drug and the vehicle (propyleneglycol) were administered by gavage. The evaluations included maternal body weight gain, number of implantations, reabsorptions, fetuses, placentae and of intrauterine deaths as well as fetal and placental mean weight and major malformations. Fragments of lungs, kidneys, liver and intestines were collected and prepared for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: Exper3 group tended to show lesser maternal body weight gain during gestation (P = 0.07), but amprenavir did not affect the intrauterine contents. The cytotoxic effect of the drug was observed with regard to the histopathological analyses of pregnant rat viscerae and to the maternal mortality rate: 50% in Exper1 and Exper2 groups, and 70% in Exper3 group. CONCLUSION: amprenavir exerted adverse side effects on maternal lung, gut, kidney and liver, and significantly increased maternal mortality rates in all administered doses and especially at 414 mg/kg.OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito do uso crônico do amprenavir sobre as implantações, reabsorções, fetos, placentas e mortalidade materna e fetal da rata albina. MÉTODOS: 5 grupos de ratas albinas EPM-1 Wistar, prenhes, foram usados: 2 controles, Contr1 (controle do estresse) e Contr2 (controle do veículo), e três grupos experimentais, Exper1, Exper2 e Exper3, que receberam, respectivamente, 46, 138 e 414 mg/kg de peso de solução oral de amprenavir. Droga e veículo (propilenoglicol) foram ministrados por gavagem. Foram avaliados a evolução ponderal, número de implantações, de reabsorções, de fetos, de placentas e de óbitos intra-uterinos, o peso dos fetos e das placentas e malformações maiores. Foram retirados fragmentos de pulmões, rins, fígado e intestinos para avaliação histopatológica. RESULTADOS: observou-se, no grupo Exper3, tendência a menor ganho de peso materno durante a prenhez (p=0,07), mas o amprenavir não causou efeitos deletérios sobre o conteúdo intra-uterino. O efeito citotóxico da droga revelou-se nas análises histopatológicas de vísceras das ratas prenhes e na taxa de mortalidade materna: 50% nos grupos Exper1 e Exper2 e 70% no grupo Exper3. CONCLUSÃO: o amprenavir, em todas as doses administradas, mas especialmente na dose de 414 mg/kg de peso, mostrou ter efeito deletério sobre os pulmões, intestinos, rins e fígado maternos e aumentou significantemente o percentual de mortalidade materna.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de ObstetríciaUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Departamento de FarmacologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de ObstetríciaSciEL

Centros de Conocimiento Comunitario

Ponencias de la Segunda Conferencia internacional sobre brecha digital e inclusión social, celebrada del 28 al 30 de octubre de 2009 en la Universidad Carlos III de MadridEl presente trabajo se propone argumentar y aportar elementos de análisis sobre aspectos del modelo actual de actuación de la UCLV en relación con los procesos de transferencia de conocimientos, contribución a la innovación tecnológica y al desarrollo territorial, teniendo en cuenta los nuevos paradigmas de los sistemas de información y la infraestructura mínima de redes computacionales y de comunicaciones que ha logrado desarrollar la UCLV en la Provincia de Villa Clara

Quality of life of pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the city of São Paulo

PURPOSE:It was to assess the quality of life (QOL) of HIV-infected pregnant women using the HIV/AIDS - Targeted Quality of Life (HAT-QoL) questionnaire.METHODS: A descriptive study of 60 pregnant women attended at the Multidisciplinary Nucleus of Infectious Diseases During Pregnancy (NUPAIG) - UNIFESP/EPM and in the referral network of the Municipal Office of São Paulo, conducted from February 2011 to October 2012. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected from 60 HIV-infected pregnant women who answered the HAT-QoL questionnaire, which included 34 questions about quality of life.RESULTS: The average age was 30 years and the average period of HIV infection was 5.7 years. Only 8.3% of patients had a CD4 cell score of ≤200 cells/mm³ and 45% showed undetectable viral load. The average domain scores ranged from 47.5 to 83.7. The domains with the lowest scores were financial concerns and concerns about secrecy. The domains with the highest scores and lower impact on quality of life were concerns about medication and confidence in the professional.CONCLUSION:In this initial study with 60 pregnant women, we concluded that the HAT-QOL can contribute to the assessment of quality of life in the population of HIV-infected pregnant women in Brazil.OBJETIVO:Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) de gestantes infectadas pelo HIV, utilizando o questionário HIV/AIDS - Targeted Quality of Life (HAT-QoL).MÉTODOS:Estudo descritivo que incluiu 60 gestantes atendidas no Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Patologias Infecciosas na Gestação (NUPAIG) - UNIFESP/EPM e na rede de referência da Secretaria Municipal de São Paulo. Foi realizado no período de fevereiro de 2011 a outubro de 2012. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas de 60 gestantes infectadas pelo HIV, que responderam o questionário HAT-QoL, o qual incluiu 34 questões sobre qualidade de vida.RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi 30 anos e o tempo médio de infecção pelo HIV foi de 5,7 anos. Somente 8,3% das pacientes tinham contagem de células CD4 ≤200 células mm³ e 45% apresentavam carga viral indetectável. Os escores médios dos domínios variaram entre 47,5 e 83,7. Os domínios com escores mais baixos foram preocupações financeiras e preocupações com o sigilo. Os domínios com escores mais altos e menor impacto na qualidade de vida foram preocupações com a medicação e confiança no profissional.CONCLUSÃO:Neste estudo inicial, com 60 grávidas, concluímos que o HAT-QOL poderá contribuir para a avaliação da qualidade de vida na população de gestantes infectadas pelo HIV no Brasil.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de ObstetríciaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Medicina PreventivaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de InfectologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de ObstetríciaUNIFESP, Faculdade de Medicina Depto. de Medicina PreventivaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de InfectologiaSciEL

Image Recognition Applied to Security Systems: The Case of Burkina Faso

In this article we propose à model composed of five layers of convolution and two layers of maxpooling and three layers of fully connected. What will allow image recognition to be applied to security systems: the case of Burkina Faso The main contributions are : -        The establishment of a rapid and efficient aerial reconnaissance system ; -       Stable and fluid navigation of drones by learning the identification of simulated targets -       Improving security in Burkina Faso. The results show us that the accuracy of learning and testing increases with the number of epochs, this reflects that at each epoch the model learns more information. If the precision is decreased then we will need more information to make our model learn and therefore we must increase the number of epochs and vice versa. Similarly, the learning and validation error decreases with the number of epochs. Keywords : artificial intelligence, image, recognition, security, Burkina Faso DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/102-04 Publication date:October 31st 202

Right to public information. Theoretical-legal presuppositions for its implementation in Cuba

There is no act in daily life where information is not implicit when carrying out any activity. Two fundamental subjects intervene to inform about a specific matter: the sender, who chooses and selects the appropriate signs to transmit the message, and the receiver, who decodes, deciphers, and interprets what the sender wants to convey. In recent times, the transparent and democratic management of public data has become a guarantee of citizenship. Regardless of the legal system, information has been a concern for States, which have expressed the will to promote access to information and knowledge as essential factors for productivity and human development.The right of access to public information is related to transparency and the protection of historical- documentary heritage and is supported by the following principles: accessibility, gratuity, good faith, quality, limited scope of exceptions, speed, inclusion and non-discrimination, publicity, control and supervision, responsibility.This research proposes to establish the essential theoretical foundations on which the right of access to public information should be based as mechanisms to enforce citizens’ rights, as well as to improve the public service provided by the obligated subjects