Macrófitas aquáticas do sistema lacustre do Vale do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Resumo Esta pesquisa trata da composição e da ocorrência de espécies de macrófitas aquáticas em área de proteção ambiental e áreas não protegidas, que compõem o conjunto de lagos do Vale do Rio Doce em Minas Gerais, terceiro maior sistema lacustre brasileiro. As informações foram levantadas a partir de publicações, material depositado em herbários e coletas botânicas entre os anos de 2007 e 2010, em ambientes aquáticos localizados no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD) e zona de amortecimento. Foram registradas 184 espécies pertencentes a distintos grupos taxonômicos, hábitos e formas biológicas, sendo aqui proposta a criação de uma nova categoria destas, designada embalsada, para contemplar plantas que se estabelecem em ilhas flutuantes. A pesquisa contribuiu com 152 novas citações para o Vale do Rio Doce em Minas Gerais, com dois primeiros registros nesse estado e com a descrição de uma espécie inédita para a ciência. A similaridade florística entre áreas protegidas e não protegidas indicou que o PERD guarda 74% das espécies de macrófitas aquáticas encontradas. Entretanto, 26% do total de espécies estão desprotegidas, pois não ocorrem nessa unidade de conservação

Reproductive Biology And Pollination Mechanisms Of Epidendrum Secundum (orchidaceae). Floral Variation: A Consequence Of Natural Hybridization?

The phenology, flower morphology, pollination mechanism and reproductive biology of Epidendrum secundum were studied in a semi-deciduous forest at the Serra do Japi (SJ), and in the Atlantic rain forest of Picinguaba, both natural reserves in the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. E. secundum flowers all year round, with a flowering peak between September and January. This species is either a lithophytic or terrestrial herb in the SJ, whereas, in Picinguaba, it grows mainly in disturbed areas along roadsides. E. secundum is pollinated by several species of diurnal Lepidoptera at both study sites. In Picinguaba, where E. secundum is sympatric with E. fulgens and both share the same pollinators, pollen transference between these two species was recorded. E. secundum is self-compatible but pollinator-dependent. It is inter-compatible with E. fulgens, producing fertile seeds. In contrast to the population of the SJ, in the Picinguaba region, floral morphology is quite variable among plants and some individuals present flowers with characteristics in-between both sympatric species, suggesting that natural hybridization occasionally occurs. The anthropogenic perturbation is probably the cause of the occurrence of E. secundum in the Picinguaba region, enabling its contact with E. fulgens. © 2008 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.102211219Ackerman, J.D., Mechanisms and evolution of food-deceptive pollination systems in orchids (1986) Lindleyana, 1, pp. 108-113Ackerman, J.D., Limitations to sexual reproduction in Encyclia krugii (Orchidaceae) (1989) Systematic Botany, 14, pp. 101-109Ackerman, J.D., (1995) An Orchid Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. V. 73., , NYBG, New YorkAckerman, J.D., Montalvo, A.M., Short- and long-term limitations to fruit production in a tropical orchid (1990) Ecology, 71, pp. 263-272Adams, R.M., Goss, G.J., The reproductive biology of epiphytic orchids of Florida III - Epidendrum anceps Jacq (1976) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 45, pp. 488-492Arnold, M.L., (1997) Natural Hybridization and Evolution., , Oxford University Press, OxfordBorba, E.L., Braga, P.I.S., Biologia reprodutiva de Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae): Melitofilia e autocompatibilidade em uma Laeliinae basal (2003) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 26, pp. 541-549Borba, E.L., Semir, J., Bulbophyllum xcipoense (Orchidaceae), a new natural hybrid from the Brazilian 'campos rupestres': Description and biology (1998) Lindleyana, 13, pp. 113-120Boyden, T.C., Floral mimicry by Epidendrum ibaguense (Orchidaceae) in Panama (1980) Evolution, 34, pp. 135-136Brown Jr., J.K.S., The biology of Heliconius and related genera (1981) Annual Review of Entomology, 26, pp. 427-456Brown Jr., K.S., Borboletas da Serra do Japi: Diversidade, hábitats, recursos alimentares e variação temporal (1992) História Natural Da Serra Do Japi., pp. 142-186. , In: Morellato, L.P.C. (. Ed. Editora da Unicamp/Fapesp, Campinas:Calvo, R.N., Four-year growth and reproduction of Cyclopogon cranichoides (Orchidaceae) in South Florida (1990) American Journal of Botany, 77, pp. 736-741Christensen, D.E., Notes on the reproductive biology of Stelis argentata Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in eastern Ecuador (1992) Lindleyana, 7, pp. 28-33Dodson, C.H., The importance of pollination in the evolution of the orchids of tropical America (1962) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 31, pp. 525-534. , 641-649, 731-735Dodson, C.H., Pollination and variation in the subtribe Catasetinae (Orchidaceae) (1962) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 39, pp. 35-56Dodson, C.H., Frymire, G.P., Preliminary studies in the genus Stanhopea (1961) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 48, pp. 137-172Dressler, R.L., (1981) The Orchids: Natural History and Classification., , Harvard University Press, CambridgeDressler, R.L., Will the real Epidendrum ibaguense please stand up? (1989) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 58, pp. 796-800Dressler, R.L., (1993) Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family., , Cambridge University Press, CambridgeDunsterville, G.C., Orchids of Venezuela - Epidendrum elongatum (1979) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 48, pp. 447-454Goss, G.J., The reproductive biology of epiphytic orchids of Florida V - Epidendrum difforme Jacq (1977) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 46, pp. 630-636Harrison, R.G., Hybrid zones: Windows on an evolutionary process (1990) Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, 7, pp. 69-128Iannotti, M.A., Stort, M.N.S., Morales, M.A.M., O sistema reprodutivo de Epidendrum rigidum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) (1987) Ciência e Cultura, 39, pp. 641-644Janzen, D.H., Devries, P., Gladstone, D.E., Higgins, M.L., Lewinsohn, T.M., Self- and cross-pollination of Encyclia cordigera (Orchidaceae) in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica (1980) Biotropica, 12, pp. 72-74Johnson, S.D., Batesian mimicry in the non-rewarding orchid Disa pulchra, and its consequences for pollinator behaviour (2000) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 71, pp. 119-132Leitão-Filho, H.F., A flora arbórea da Serra do Japi (1992) História Natural Da Serra Do Japi., pp. 40-62. , In: Morellato, L.P.C. (. Ed. Editora da Unicamp/Fapesp, Campinas:Levin, D.A., (2000) The Origin, Expansion, and Demise of Plant Species., , Oxford University Press, OxfordLinder, H.P., Hybrids in Disa (Diseae-Orchidaceae) (1990) Lindleyana, 5, pp. 224-230Matias, L.Q., Braga, P.I.S., Freire, A.G., Biologia reprodutiva de Constantia cipoensis Porto & Brade (Orchidaceae), endêmica da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais (1996) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 19, pp. 119-125Mickeliunas, L., Pansarin, E.R., Sazima, M., Biologia floral, melitofilia e influência de besouros Curculionidae no sucesso reprodutivo de Grobya amherstiae Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Cyrtopodiinae) (2006) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 29, pp. 251-258Montalvo, A.M., Ackerman, J.D., Limitations to fruit production in Ionopsis utricularioides (Orchidaceae) (1987) Biotropica, 19, pp. 24-31Morrison, A., Epidendrum (1997) The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids., pp. 118-127. , In: Pridgeon, A. (. Ed. Timber Press, Oregon:Nilsson, L.A., Pollination ecology and adaptation in Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) (1978) Botanical Notizier, 131, pp. 35-51Nilsson, L.A., Jonsson, L., Rason, L., Johany, E.R., Monophily and pollination mechanisms in Angraecum aracnites Schltr. (Orchidaceae) in a guild of long-tongued hawk-moths (Sphingidae) in Madagascar (1985) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 26, pp. 1-19Nimer, E., Climatologia da região sudeste do Brasil (1977) Revista Brasileira de Geografia, 34, pp. 3-48Pansarin, E.R., Biologia reprodutiva e polinização em Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz & Pavón (Orchidaceae) (2003) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 26, pp. 203-211Pansarin, E.R., Bittrich, V., Amaral, M.C.E., At daybreak - Reproductive biology and isolating mechanisms of Cirrhaea dependens (Orchidaceae) (2006) Plant Biology, 8Paulus, H.F., Gack, C., Pollination of Ophrys (Orchidaceae) in Cyprus (1990) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 109, pp. 177-207Pinto, H.S., Clima da Serra do Japi (1992) História Natural Da Serra Do Japi., pp. 30-38. , In: Morellato, L.P.C. (. Ed. Editora da Unicamp/Fapesp, Campinas:Rieseberg, L.H., The role of hybridization in evolution: Old wine in new skins (1995) American Journal of Botany, 82, pp. 944-953Rieseberg, L.H., Hybrid origins of plant species (1997) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28, pp. 359-389Rieseberg, L.H., Ellstrand, N.C., What can morphological and molecular markers tell us about plant hybridization? (1993) Critical Review of Plant Sciences, 12, pp. 213-241Romero, G.A., Carnevalli, G., Catasetum natural hybrids from southern Venezuela - 1. Catasetum xtapiriceps Reichb. f. (1990) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 59, pp. 1214-1220Romero, G.A., Carnevalli, G., Catasetum natural hybrids from southern Venezuela - 2. Catasetum xdunstervillei G. Romero & Carnevalli (1991) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 60, pp. 115-120Romero, G.A., Carnevalli, G., Catasetum natural hybrids from southern Venezuela - 3. Catasetum xroseo-album (Hook) Lindley and C. wendlingeri Foldats (1991) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 60, pp. 770-774Romero, G.A., Carnevalli, G., Catasetum natural hybrids from southern Venezuela - IV. Biology and nomenclature (1992) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 61, pp. 334-360Rossi, W., Arduino, P., Cianchi, R., Bullini, L., A new natural hybrid in the genus Orchis L.: Genetic data and description (1992) Lindleyana, 7, pp. 121-126Sakai, W.S., Simple method for differential staining of paraffin embedded plant material using toluidine blue O (1973) Stain Technology, 43, pp. 247-249Schemske, D.W., Evolution of floral display in the orchid Brassavola nodosa (1980) Evolution, 34, pp. 489-493Schrenk, W.J., North American platantheras: Evolution in the making (1978) American Orchid Society Bulletin, 4, pp. 429-437(2003) Statistica (Data Analysis Software System), , http://www.statsoft.com, StatSoft Inc. (. Version 6, available at:Steiner, K.E., Whitehead, V.B., Johnson, J.D., Floral and pollinator divergence in two sexually deceptive South African orchids (1994) American Journal of Botany, 81, pp. 185-194Stort, M.N.S., Cruzamentos artificiais envolvendo espécies do gênero Cattleya, subgêneros Monophyllae e Cattleya (Orchidaceae) (1983) Ciência e Cultura, 35, pp. 1481-1486Stort, M.N.S., Galdino, G.L., Self- and cross-pollination in some species of the genus Laelia Lindl. (Orchidaceae) (1984) Revista Brasileira de Genética, 7, pp. 671-676Tremblay, R.L., Trends in pollination ecology of the Orchidaceae: Evolution and systematics (1992) Canadian Journal of Botany, 70, pp. 642-650Tremblay, R.L., Ackerman, J.D., Zimmerman, J.K., Calvo, R.N., Variation in sexual reproduction in orchids and its evolutionary consequences: A spasmodic journey to diversification (2005) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 84, pp. 1-54Van Der Pijl, L., Dodson, C.H., (1966) Orchid Flowers: Their Pollination and Evolution., , University of Miami Press, Coral GablesZimmerman, J.K., Aide, M., Patterns of fruit production in a neotropical orchid: Pollinator vs. resource limitation (1989) American Journal of Botany, 76, pp. 67-7

Four New Species Of Dichorisandra J.c. Mikan (commelinaceae) From Southeast Brazil

Based on studies of plants in the field, herbarium, and in cultivation, four new species of Dichorisandra J.C. Mikan are here described. Two of them were collected in Carangola, State of Minas Gerais: Dichorisandra leonii Aona & M.C.E. Amaral, which is similar to D. thyrsiflora J.C. Mikan due to the habit and the position of the anthers in the flower, but differs by the pubescent indument on leaves and stems, and Dichorisandra rupicola Aona & M.C.E. Amaral, growing on rocky outcrops and characterized by its purplish to pinkish anthers, dehiscing by only one pore. The other two species were collected in Espírito Santo State: Dichorisandra velutina Aona & M.C.E. Amaral can be characterized by its velutinous indument on stem, leaf sheath, both faces of the leaf lamina and sepals and by its broad-ellipsoid anthers with truncate apex. Dichorisandra nutabilis Aona & M.C.E. Amaral is similar to D. penduliflora Kunth due to the pendulous inflorescence, but differs by the presence of six stamens with anthers dehiscing by only one pore, while the flowers of D. penduliflora have five stamens with rimose anthers. Illustrations of the species, comparisons with similar species and discussions about diagnostic characters and conservation status of the new species are presented. © 2012 Magnolia Press.48722Aona, L.Y.S., (2008) Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística do gênero Dichorisandra J.C. Mikan (Commelinaceae), p. 310. , Ph.D. dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilBarreto, R.C., (1997) Levantamento das espécies de Commelinaceae R. Br. nativas do Brasil, , Ph.D. dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilBurns, J.H., Faden, R.B., Steppan, S.J., Phylogenetic studies in the Commelinaceae subfamily Commelinoideae inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences (2011) Systematic Botany, 36, pp. 268-276Clarke, C.B., Commelinaceae (1881) Monographiae Phanerogamarum, 3, pp. 272-285. , in De Candolle, A., Sumptibus G. Masson, ParisFaden, R.B., Hunt, D.R., The classification of the Commelinaceae (1991) Taxon, 40, pp. 19-31Hardy, C.R., Faden, R.B., Plowmanianthus, a New Genus of Commelinaceae with Five New Species from Tropical America (2004) Systematic Botany, 29 (2), pp. 316-333Hooker, W.J., Dichorisandra picta. Blotch-leaved Dichorisandra (1954) Botanical Magazine, 80, p. 4760Kunth, K.S., Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum, Secundum. Familias Naturales Disposita, Adjectis Characteribus, Differntiis et Synonymis (1843) Enumeratio Plantarum, 4, p. 114Lemaire, A.C., (1859) L'Illustration Horticole. Ghent & Brussels, , Misc. 70, t. 217Mabberley, D.J., (2000) The plant-book, , 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeMikan, J.C., (1820) Delectus Florae et Faunae Brasiliensis, 1 (1), p. 3Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C.S., (1836) Flora Telluriana, 3, p. 67Schultes, J.A., Schultes, J.H., Commelinaceae (1830) Systema vegetabilium: Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis et synonymus, 7 (2), p. 1190Taubert, P., Plantae Glaziovianae novae vel minus cognitae (1890) Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, 27, p. 2. , BeiblUle, R.H.G., (1913) Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, 11, p. 52

Five New Species Of Dichorisandra J. C. Mikan (commelinaceae) From Bahia State, Brazil

Summary: Five new species of the genus Dichorisandra J. C. Mikan are described based on field, herbarium and cultivation studies. The species described here are only known from the Atlantic rain forest from the State of Bahia, Brazil and have anthers with introrse longitudinal slits that are functionally poricidal. D. subtilis Aona & M. C. E. Amaral is characterised by its small habit, erect, densely pilose leaves, flowers in congested inflorescences, 5 stamens and a verrucose ovary. D. variegata Aona & Faden presents terminal, erect or sometimes decumbent inflorescences sprouting from the base of the plant, leaf blades sparsely to densely pilose and with two white longitudinal broad stripes above, and 5 (- 6) stamens. D. jardimii Aona & M. C. E. Amaral is characterised by the axillary inflorescences that perforate the leaf sheaths and arise either directly from the rhizome or from normal terrestrial branches, 5 stamens, a verrucose ovary and cylindrical fruits. D. ordinatiflora Aona & Faden presents axillary inflorescences that perforate the leaf sheaths, inflorescences distributed evenly along the stem, and a reddish indumentum. D. conglomerata Aona & M. C. E. Amaral can be recognised by its completely glabrous leaves, terminal inflorescences, the large number of flowers per cincinnus (7 - 10 flowers), and 5 stamens. Discussion of relevant characters, comparisons with closest relatives, descriptions, information on conservation status and illustrations are provided. © 2012 The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.664479491Aona, L.Y.S., (2008) Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística do gênero Dichorisandra J. C. Mikan (Commelinaceae), , (ined.), Ph. D. dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São PauloBarreto, R.C., (1997) Levantamento das espécies de Commelinaceae R. Br. nativas do Brasil, , (ined.),Ph. D. dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloClarke, C.B., Commelinaceae (1881) Monographiae Phanerogamarum, 3, pp. 272-285. , A. CandolleDe (Ed.), Paris: Sumptibus G. MassonEvans, T.M., Sytsma, K.J., Faden, R.B., Givnish, T.J., Phylogenetics relationships in the Commelinaceae: II. A cladistic analysis of rbcL sequences and morphology (2003) Syst. Bot., 28, pp. 270-292Faden, R.B., Hunt, D.R., The classification of the Commelinaceae (1991) Taxon, 40, pp. 19-31(2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1, , IUCN, Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U. KMabberley, D.J., (2000) Plant-Book, , 3rd edn., Cambridge: Cambridge University PressStearn, W.T., (1992) Botanical Latin, , 4th edn., Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles publWade, D.W., Evans, T.M., Faden, R.B., Subtribal relationships in the tribe Tradescantieae (Commelinaceae) based on rbcL and ndhF sequences (2003) Resumos do Congresso Monocots III - Third International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Califórnia, Estados Unidos, , http://www.monocots3.org/

Two New Species Of Dichorisandra (commelinaceae) From Rio De Janeiro And Comments On The Two Species Included In Vellozo’s “flora Fluminensis”

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Two new species of Dichorisandra collected in Rio de Janeiro state are described based on studies in the field, herbarium specimens and cultivated plants. Dichorisandra odorata can be distinguished by its small stature, leaves congested at the apex of the stems, with the lamina densely pilose on both sides, fragrant flowers (unusual for the genus), six anthers with pilose connectives and dehiscent by an apical pore; Dichorisandra nana resembles D. thyrsiflora by the presence of six yellow anthers dehiscent by apical pores, however it differs being smaller, reaching only 30 cm tall, and by the position of the stamens in relation to the petals. Illustrations of the species, comparisons with species looking morphologically similar, discussion of the diagnostic characters, as well as their conservation status are presented. Vellozo´s Flora Fluminensis includes two names that belong to Dichorisandra, both treated under the genus Convallaria. The first one, C. diffusa, is a synonym of D. hexandra while the other, thought by Vellozo to be C. racemosa (= Maianthemum racemosum), is in fact D. thyrsiflora.184422323403/06634-0; FAPESP; São Paulo Research FoundationFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Aona, L.Y.S., (2008) Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística do gênero Dichorisandra J.C. Mikan (Commelinaceae), 310p. , Ph. D. dissertation. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilAona, L.Y.S., Faden, R.B., Amaral, M.C.E., Five new species of Dichorisandra J.C. Mikan (Commelinaceae) (2012) Kew Bulletin, 66 (4), pp. 1-13Aona-Pinheiro, L.Y.S., Amaral, M.C.E., Four new species of Dichorisandra J.C. Mikan (Commelinaceae) from Southeast Brazil (2012) Phytotaxa, 48, pp. 7-22Aona, L.Y.S., Pellegrini, M.O.O., Commelinaceae (2014) Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil, , http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2011/FB006924, (accessed: 08 May 2014)., Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, BrasilAublet, F., (1775) Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Françoise, rangées suivant la méthode sexuelle, avec plusiers mémoires sur différens objets intéressans, relatifs à la culture & au commerce de la Guiane Françoise, & une notice des plantes de l'Isle-de-France, , http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48831, P.F. Didot jeune, Paris, 35 pp, t. 12Barreto, R.C., Commelinaceae (2005) Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo, 4, pp. 195-210. , Wanderley, M.G. L, Shepherd, G.J., Melhem, T.S. & Giulietii, A.M. (Eds), RiMA, São PauloBarreto, R.C., (1997) Levantamento das espécies de Commelinaceae R. Br. nativas do Brasil, 490p. , Ph. D. dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilBrown, R., (1810) Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandae et Insulae Van Diemen, , http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3678, Richard Taylor and Son, LondonCervi, A.C., Rodrigues, W.A., Nomenclatural and taxonomic review of Passifloraceae species illustrated and described by Vellozo in Flora Fluminensis (2010) Acta Botanica Brasilica, 24 (4), pp. 1109-1111. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062010000400029Clarke, C.B., Commelinaceae (1881) Monographiae Phanerogamarum, pp. 272-285. , De Candolle, A. (Ed.), vol. 3. Sumptibus G. Masson, ParisClarke, C.B., Commelinaceae (1902) An Enumeration of the Plants collected by Dr. H.H. Rusby in South America, 1885-1886, XXXII (Continued). Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29 (2), p. 703. , Rusby, H.H. (Ed.)Cogniaux, C.A., Journal spécial des serres et des jardins, ou choix raisonné des plantes les plus intérressantes sous le rapport ornemental, comprenant leur histoire complete, leur description comparée, leur figure et leur culture (1894) L'Illustration horticole, 41, p. 297. , pl. 19Cruz, M., (1946) Índice da Flora Fluminensis, 17p. , http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2118, Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa NacionalFaden, R.B., Commelinaceae (1985) The families of the Monocotyledons. Structure, evolution, and taxonomy, pp. 381-387. , Dahlgren, R.M.T., Clifford, H.T. & Yeo, P.F. (Eds.), Springer Verlag, BerlinFaden, R.B., Hunt, D.R., The classification of the Commelinaceae (1991) Taxon, 40, pp. 19-31. , http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1222918Frankie, J.V., (2014) Maianthemum in Flora of North America, , http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1andtaxon_id=119474, (accessed 20 May 2014)Govaerts, R., Faden, R.B., (2011) World checklist of Commelinaceae, , http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do, (accessed 08 August 2014), The Board of Trustees ofthe Royal Botanic Gardens, KewHasskarl, J.C., Belosynapsis kewensis Hsskl (1871) Flora, 54, p. 259Hooker, W.J., Dichorisandra picta. Blotch-leaved Dichorisandra (1854) Bot. Mag, 80, 4760pIUCN, (2001) IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3. 1, 23p. , IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UKKunth, K.S., Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum, Secundum. Familias Naturales Disposita, Adjectis Characteribus, Differntiis et Synonymis (1843) Enumeratio Plantarum, 4, p. 113. , http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.67381Kuntze, C.E.O., Stickmannia Neck (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum, 2, p. 721Lima, H.C., Leguminosas da Flora Fluminensis-J.M. da C. Vellozo-Lista atualizada das espécies arbóreas (1995) Acta Botanica Brasilica, 9, pp. 123-146. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061995000100006Link, J.H.F., (1821) Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Berolinensis Altera, 458p. , http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.66, pt. 1. Paris, G. ReimerLemaire, A.C., (1859) L'Illustration Horticole, , Ghent and Brussels. vol. 6, Misc. 70, t. 217Loddiges, G., Dichorizandra picta (1830) Bot. Cab, 17 (1667), pp. 142-143Mikan, J.C., (1820) Delectus Florae et Faunae Brasiliensis, 1 (1), p. 3. , http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63994McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Buck, W.R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Wiersema, J.H., (2012) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), , (Eds.), Adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011Necker, N.M.J., Stickmannia (1790) Elementa Botanica, 3, 171pPastore, J.F.B., A review of Vellozo's names for Polygalaceae in his Flora Fluminensis (2013) Phytotaxa, 108 (1), pp. 41-48. , http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.108.1.2Plukenet, L., (1696) Almagestum botanicum, , Publ. by the author: LondonRosário, R.P.G., Bianchini, R.S., Commelinaceae (2001) Flora Fanerogâmica da Ilha do Cardoso, vol. 8, pp. 35-45. , Melo, M.M.R.F., Barros, F., Chiea, S.A.C., Kirizawa, M., Jung-Mendaçolli, S.L. & Wanderley, M.G.L. (Eds.), Instituto de Botânica, São PauloSampaio, A.J., Peckolt, O., A nomenclatura das espécies na "Flora Fluminensis" de Conceição Veloso e sua correspondência atual (1943) Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 23, pp. 333-394Schultes, J.A., Schultes, J.H., Commelinaceae (1830) Systema vegetabilium: Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis et synonymus, 1186p. , http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.825, Stuttgardtiae: Sumtibus J.G. Cottae, 1817-1830Seubert, M., Commelinaceae (1855) Flora brasiliensis, pp. 233-270. , Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.), vol. 3 Leipzig, Frid. FleischerSilva, T.R.S., Campos, M.T.V.A., Commelinaceae (2003) Flora de Grão-Mogol, 1, pp. 175-178. , Pirani, J.R., Mello-Silva, R. & Giulietii, A.M. (Eds.), HUCITEC, São PauloStafleu, F.A., Cowan, R.S., (1986) Vellozo [Vellozo, Veloso], José Mariano de Conceição. Taxonomic Literature, 2nd ed., vol. 6, pp. 696-699. , Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & HolkemaTaubert, P., Plantae Glaziovianae novae vel minus cognitae (1890) Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, 27, p. 2Wiggers, F.H., (1780) Primitiae Florae Holsaticae, 127p. , Bartsch, KieliaeVellozo, J.M.C., (1829) Florae Fluminensis seu, Descriptionum plantarum praefectura, , Rio de Janeiro. Flumine Januario, ex Typographia nationaliVellozo, J.M.C., (1831) Florae Fluminensis Icones, vol. 3, , Paris, Lithogr. Senefelde

Taxonomic Revision Of The Neotropical Genus Christensonella (maxillariinae, Orchidaceae)

A taxonomic revision of the recently proposed neotropical genus Christensonella (tribe Cymbideae, subtribe Maxillariinae) is presented. Twelve species are recognized: C. echinophyta, C. ferdinandiana, C. huntii, C. nardoides, C. neowiedii C. pacholskii, C. pachyphylla, C. paranaensis, C. pumila, C. subulata, C. subulifolia and C. uncata. An identification key, diagnostic characters, descriptions, complete synonymy and line drawings are provided. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London.1684449472Atwood, J.T., Mora-de-Retana, D.E., Flora Costaricensis (Orchidaceae) (1999) Fieldiana, Botany, 40, pp. 1-182Barbosa Rodrigues, J., (1877) Genera et species orchidearum novarum quas collecit, descripsit et iconibus illustravit, 1. , Sebastianópolis: Typographia NacionalBarbosa Rodrigues, J., (1882) Genera et species orchidearum novarum quas collecit, descripsit et iconibus illustravit, 2. , Sebastianópolis: Typographia NacionalBennett, D.E., Christenson, E.A., (2001) Icones orchidacearum Peruviarum, , plates 601-800. Lima: A. Pastorelli de BennettBlanco, M.A., Carnevali, G., Whitten, W.M., Singer, R.B., Koehler, S., Williams, N.H., Ojeda, I., Endara, L., Generic realignments in Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae) (2007) Lankesteriana, 7, pp. 515-537Blanco, M.A., Whitten, W.M., Williams, N.H., Koehler, S., Capillitial extrusion from fruits of Maxillaria nardoides (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae) (2006) Orchids, 75, pp. 685-691Bock, I., Maxillaria subulifolia Schltr (1989) Orchidee, 40, pp. 143-146Butzin, F., In Berlin vorhandene Typen von Schlechters Orchideenarten (1978) Willdenowia, 8, pp. 401-407Buzatto, C.R., Singer, R.B., Romero-González, G.A., van den Berg, C., Typifications and new synonymies in Capanemia (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) (2011) Novon, 21, pp. 28-33Carnevalli, G., Ramírez-Morillo, I.M., Maxillaria (Orchidaceae) (2003) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, 7, pp. 426-454. , Steyermark JA, Berry PE, Yatskievych K, Holst B, eds., St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden PressChristenson, E.A., Two maxillarias, one old and one new (2003) Orchid Review, 111, pp. 287-289Christenson, E.A., Maxillaria huntii (2009) Orchid Digest, 73, pp. 120-121Davies, K.L., Turner, M.P., Morphology of floral papillae in Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (Orchidaceae) (2004) Annals of Botany, 93, pp. 75-86Dodson, C.H., (2002) Native Ecuadorian orchids, Lepanthopsis-Oliveriana, 3, pp. 433-651. , Sarasota: Dodson PublishingDressler, R.L., (1993) Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family, , Portland: Dioscorides PressFoster, R.C., Dates of publication of the journal Linnea (1962) Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 43, pp. 400-409Hoehne, F.C., Orchdaceas dos herbarios de Alexandre Curt Brade e do Museu Nacional (1936) Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 12, pp. 1-37Hoehne, F.C., Espécies e variedades novas de orchidáceas do Brasil (1952) Arquivos de Botânica do Estado de São Paulo, 2, pp. 121-136Hoehne, F.C., Orchidaceas (1953) Flora Brasilica 10 (12, 7), pp. 223-341. , Hoehne FC, ed. São Paulo: Secretaria da AgriculturaJørgensen, P.M., León-Yánez, S., Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador (1999) Monographs in Systematic Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, 75, pp. 1-1181Koehler, S., Cabral, J.S., Whitten, W.M., Williams, N.H., Singer, R.B., Neubig, K.M., Guerra, M., Amaral, M.C.E., Molecular phylogeny of the neotropical genus Christensonella (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae): species delimitation and insights into chromosome evolution (2008) Annals of Botany, 102, pp. 491-507Moore, H.E., Wood, C.E., Dates of publication of the journal Linnea: further evidence (1965) Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 46, pp. 68-73Pabst, G.F.J., Dungs, F., (1977) Orchidaceae brasiliensis II, , Hildesheim: Brücke-Verlag Kurt SchmersowSchlechter, R., (1920) Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beiheft, 7, pp. 172-173Schweinfurth, C., Orchidaceae, Orchids of Peru (1960) Fieldiana, Botany, 30, pp. 533-786Singer, R.B., Koehler, S., Pollinarium morphology and floral rewards in Brazilian Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae) (2004) Annals of Botany, 93, pp. 39-51Sprunger, S., Cribb, P., Toscano de Brito, A.L.V., (1996) João Barbosa Rodrigues, Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil, 1-2. , Basel: Friedrich Reinhardt VerlagSzlachetko, D.L., Mytnik-Ejsmont, J., Górniak, M., Śmiszek, M., Genera et species orchidalium. 15. Maxillarieae (2006) Polish Journal of Botany, 51, pp. 57-59Whitten, W.M., Williams, N.H., Blanco, M.A., Endara, L., Neubig, K., Koehler, S., Carnevali, G., Singer, R., Molecular phylogenetics of Maxillaria and related genera (Orchidaceae: Cymbidieae) based upon combined molecular data sets (2007) American Journal of Botany, 94, pp. 1860-188