15,664 research outputs found
Peer effects in risk taking: Envy or conformity?
We examine two explanations for peer effects in risk taking: relative payoff concerns and preferences that depend on peer choices. We vary experimentally whether individuals can condition a simple lottery choice on the lottery choice or the lottery allocation of a peer. We find that peer effects increase significantly, almost double, when peers make choices, relative to when they are allocated a lottery. In both situations, imitation is the most frequent form of peer effect. Hence, peer effects in our environment are explained by a combination of relative payoff concerns and preferences that depend on peer choices. Comparative statics analyses and structural estimation results suggest that a norm to conform to the peer may explain why peer choices matter. Our results suggest that peer choices are important in generating peer effects and hence have important implications for modeling as well as for policy
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Understanding and enhancing superconductivity in FeSe/SrTiO by quantum size effects
Superconductivity in one-atom-layer iron selenide (FeSe) on a strontium titanate (STO) substrate is enhanced by almost an order of magnitude with respect to bulk FeSe. There is recent experimental evidence suggesting that this enhancement persists in FeSe/STO nanoislands. More specifically, for sizes ~ 10 nm, the superconducting gap is a highly nonmonotonic function of with peaks well above the bulk gap value. This is the expected behavior only for weakly-coupled metallic superconductors such as Al or Sn. Here we develop a theoretical formalism to describe these experiments based on three ingredients: Eliashberg theory of superconductivity in the weak coupling limit, pairing dominated by forward scattering, and periodic orbit theory to model spectral fluctuations. We obtain an explicit analytical expression for the size dependence of the gap that describes quantitatively the experimental results with no free parameters. This is a strong suggestion that superconductivity in FeSe/STO is mediated by STO phonons. We propose that, since FeSe/STO is still a weakly coupled superconductor, quantum size effects can be used to further enhance the bulk critical temperature in this interface
‘TB OR NOT TB?’: A Importância de um Rastreio Adequado
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Acute Haemorrhagic Oedema of Infancy as a Manifestation of COVID-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Anaphylaxis to clavulanic acid: seven-year survey
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Abordagem ClÃnica e Terapêutica de Doentes Internados por COVID-19: Uma Coorte Pediátrica em Portugal
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, in children is usually a mild disease, but severe illness has been reported. Currently, the therapy benefits of antiviral experimental drugs are still uncertain. The main aim of this study is to describe the experience of a level III hospital regarding therapeutic management of hospitalized children with COVID-19 and to characterize clinical features and evolution.
Material and methods: This is a descriptive study of patients with COVID-19 in a level III pediatric hospital in Portugal between March and June 2020. Experimental drugs were administered according to the best scientific evidence at the time as 'off-label use'.
Results: Among 200 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 37 were admitted due to COVID-19. Median age was one year (23 days - 18 years), 43% had comorbidities and 20/37 (54%) received antiviral therapy. Hydroxychloroquine was administered in 13 patients, in monotherapy or combined with lopinavir/ritonavir or azithromycin. Lopinavir/ritonavir was administered in eight patients and three children were treated with remdesivir. The patients who were treated had pneumonia (14), multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (2), sepsis (2), myocarditis (1), acute respiratory distress syndrome (1), and mild illness with comorbidities (3). Other therapies included methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin (3), enoxaparin (2), antibiotics (16), oxygen (7), corticosteroids, and other inhaled therapy (16).
Discussion: Several treatment approaches have been proposed for severe COVID-19, even though none of them had been proven effective or approved for small children. Currently, remdesivir is approved for children aged above 12 years-old. Although 54% of our patients were treated with antivirals, it is important to understand that the favorable clinical evolution could be related with the natural course of the disease.
Conclusion: A significant proportion of our population presented severe and critical disease, was hospitalized and received treatment according to the most recent data, although most patients had mild disease. COVID-19 treatment in children is a clinical challenge and clinical trials are urgently needed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Diagnostic Challenge in a Sickle Cell Disease Patient with COVID-19
Acute chest syndrome is a life-threatening complication in sickle cell disease. Infections are frequently implied,
and like other viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be a trigger.
In addition, due to their inflammatory status, they may present a higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pneumonia and acute chest syndrome share clinical, laboratory, and radiological
features and may overlap, which makes their differential diagnosis especially challenging. We describe a case
of an adolescent with homozygous sickle cell disease that developed acute chest syndrome in the context of
COVID-19. With it, we intend to bring awareness to the potential role of imaging in the differential diagnosis
and in establishing the best approach for the patient. Chest computed tomography findings were suggestive
of an alternative diagnosis to COVID-19 pneumonia and red cell transfusion, fluid management, analgesics, and antibiotics were administered with favorable outcome.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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