Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients

We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported [F. Braunmller, T. Nechaeva et al. (AWAKE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 264801 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.264801]: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement

Experimental study of extended timescale dynamics of a plasma wakefield driven by a self-modulated proton bunch

Plasma wakefield dynamics over timescales up to 800 ps, approximately 100 plasma periods, are studied experimentally at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). The development of the longitudinal wakefield amplitude driven by a self-modulated proton bunch is measured using the external injection of witness electrons that sample the fields. In simulation, resonant excitation of the wakefield causes plasma electron trajectory crossing, resulting in the development of a potential outside the plasma boundary as electrons are transversely ejected. Trends consistent with the presence of this potential are experimentally measured and their dependence on wakefield amplitude are studied via seed laser timing scans and electron injection delay scan

Properties of U(VI)/U(IV) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) pairs and equilibrium U(VI) + 2Fe(II) U(IV) + 2Fe(III) in the solutions of unsaturated heteropolytungstates K10P2W17O61 and K8SiW11O39

International audienc

Properties of U(VI)/U(IV) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) pairs and equilibrium U(VI) + 2Fe(II) U(IV) + 2Fe(III) in the solutions of unsaturated heteropolytungstates K10P2W17O61 and K8SiW11O39

International audienc

In-source laser spectroscopy of Cu-75,Cu-77,Cu-78: Direct evidence for a change in the quasiparticle energy sequence in Cu-75,Cu-77 and an absence of longer-lived isomers in Cu-78

This paper describes measurements on the isotopes 75,77,78Cu by the technique of in-source laser spectroscopy, at the ISOLDE facility, CERN. The role of this technique is briefly discussed in the context of this and other, higher resolution, methods applied to copper isotopes in the range 57-78Cu. The data, analyzed in comparison with previous results on the lighter isotopes 59,63Cu, establish the ground-state nuclear spin of 75,77Cu as 5/2 and yield their magnetic dipole moments as +1.01(5)μN and +1.61(5)μN, respectively. The results on 78Cu show no evidence for long-lived isomerism at this mass number and are consistent with a spin in the range 3-6 and moment of 0.0(4) μN. ©2011 American Physical Society

In-source laser spectroscopy of 75,77,78Cu: Direct evidence for a change in the quasiparticle energy sequence in 75,77Cu and an absence of longer-lived isomers in 78Cu

This paper describes measurements on the isotopes 75,77,78Cu by the technique of in-source laser spectroscopy, at the ISOLDE facility, CERN. The role of this technique is briefly discussed in the context of this and other, higher resolution, methods applied to copper isotopes in the range 57−78Cu. The data, analyzed in comparison with previous results on the lighter isotopes 59,63Cu, establish the ground-state nuclear spin of 75,77Cu as 5/2 and yield their magnetic dipole moments as +1.01(5)μN and +1.61(5)μN, respectively. The results on 78Cu show no evidence for long-lived isomerism at this mass number and are consistent with a spin in the range 3–6 and moment of 0.0(4) μN.status: publishe

βdecay of 61 Mn to levels in 61 Fe

A detailed β-decay study of 61Mn is presented, yielding extended information on the level structure of 61Fe. Pure beams were obtained at ISOLDE, CERN, after selective laser ionization and mass separation of fission products from the bombardment of a UCx target by 1.4-GeV protons. The β and γ information was detected by two MiniBall clusters and three Eplastic scintillators. The new 61Mn decay scheme reveals 48γtransitions, distributed over 20 excited states. A comparison to the decay scheme of 59Mn and excited states in 59Fe is made. Shell-model calculations with two different interactions are performed in order to compare the nuclear structure of the two neighboring odd-Airon isotopes. Tentative spin and parities of several excited states in 61Fe are assigned on the basis of β-decay feeding patterns in both 59,61Fe and of results from the theoretical shell-model calculations.status: publishe

Gamow-Teller decay population of 64Ni levels in the decay of 1+ 64Co

The 64Co β-decay feeding levels in the well-studied 64Ni nucleus were investigated. Whereas the previously known 64Co decay scheme merely contained 2 γ rays, the decay scheme established in this work contains 18, of which 5 are observed in this work and 6 were previously observed in an (n,γ) study but not placed in the 64Ni level scheme. Surprisingly, one additional level—placed at an excitation energy of 3578.7 keV—could be determined. The observed β-decay paths involve allowed νf5/2 → πf7/2 and νp1/2 → πp3/2 transitions. Three strongly fed levels around 4 MeV are interpreted to possess possible proton-intruder characterstatus: publishe

In-Source Laser Spectroscopy with the Laser Ion Source and Trap: First Direct Study of the Ground-State Properties of 217,219Po

A Laser Ion Source and Trap (LIST) for a thick-target, isotope-separation on-line facility has been implemented at CERN ISOLDE for the production of pure, laser-ionized, radioactive ion beams. It offers two modes of operation, either as an ion guide, which performs similarly to the standard ISOLDE resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS), or as a more selective ion source, where surface-ionized ions from the hot ion-source cavity are repelled by an electrode, while laser ionization is done within a radio-frequency quadrupole ion guide. The first physics application of the LIST enables the suppression of francium contamination in ion beams of neutron-rich polonium isotopes at ISOLDE by more than 1000 with a reduction in laser-ionization efficiency of only 20. Resonance ionization spectroscopy is performed directly inside the LIST device, allowing the study of the hyperfine structure and isotope shift of Po217 for the first time. Nuclear decay spectroscopy of Po219 is performed for the first time, revealing its half-life, α-to-β-decay branching ratio, and α-particle energy. This experiment demonstrates the applicability of the LIST at radioactive ion-beam facilities for the production and study of pure beams of exotic isotopes.status: publishe