Avaliação da incidência de antracnose, do desempenho e estado nutricional de variedades de mangueira, para cultivo orgânico, na região centro-norte do Estado de São Paulo.

A mudança do perfil do consumidor, aliada aos riscos da contaminação por agrotóxicos, tem levado à busca de alternativas ecologicamente apropriadas para produção de frutas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a incidência de antracnose, o desempenho e estado nutricional de variedades de mangueira conduzidas organicamente na região de Pindorama-SP. Foram utilizadas 17 variedades de mangueira. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento experimental em blocos completos ao acaso, com 17 tratamentos (variedades) e seis repetições. Foi avaliada a severidade de antracnose nas folhas, através de uma escala diagramática, atribuindo-se notas aos sintomas. Foram avaliados o crescimento e o desenvolvimento (altura da planta, perímetro do tronco e da copa) e o estado nutricional, mediante análise foliar, das diferentes variedades utilizadas. Através dos resultados obtidos, podem-se considerar como muito suscetíveis à antracnose as variedades Bourbon, Rocha e Rosa; e resistentes, as variedades IAC 111, Alfa, Beta e Parvin; as variedades de manga apresentaram o mesmo padrão de crescimento; as maiores alturas da planta corresponderam aos maiores diâmetros do tronco e da copa; a variedade Parvin apresentou o melhor desempenho dentre as variedades estudadas, com relação à resistência à antracnose, altura e diâmetro do caule e da copa, podendo ser recomendada ao cultivo orgânico. As variedades Omega e Alfa também apresentaram bom crescimento, podendo ser indicadas para esse cultivo, pelo menos nessa fase inicial; as variedades Surpresa e Rosa não apresentaram bom desempenho, no campo, em relação às demais, não devendo ser recomendadas para o cultivo orgânico, principalmente a variedade Rosa, bastante suscetível à antracnose. As concentrações de N, P e K foram elevadas na fase vegetativa das plantas, comparadas à baixa concentração de Ca; houve carência de Boro em todas as variedades estudadas. A manga Rosa, provavelmente, sofreu toxicidade ao excesso de manganês, ocasionando diminuição em seu desenvolvimento

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Postharvest Ripening Of 'tommy Atkins' Mangoes On Two Maturation Stages Treated With 1-mcp

The effects of postharvest application of 1-MCP on fruit ripening were evaluated in 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes harvested at two stages of maturity as defined by growers' standards based on pulp color. Fruits were exposed to 1- MCP for 12 hours in sealed containers, and then stored for up to 14 days at room temperature. The experiment was carried out as a 2x4x6 factorial design, with two stages of maturity (S2 and S3), four concentrations of 1-MCP (0, 30, 120 and 240 nL.L-1) and six evaluation periods (0, 4, 7, 9, 12 and 14 days), with five replications. Respiration rate, weight loss, pulp firmness, pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS) and TSS/TTA ratio were evaluated. Effects of 1-MCP concentrations of 30 and 120 nL.L-1 were noticed on ripening of mangoes harvested at S2, as delayed climacteric peak, reduced respiration rate, reduced fresh weight loss, firmer pulpand higher total titratable acidity as compared to non-treated fruits. Generally, fruits harvested in more advanced maturity stages are less susceptible to 1-MCP application. 'Tommy Atkins mangoes harvested at S3 maturity stage are not significantly affected by 1-MCP applications. Nevertheless a trend to delay ripening could be noticed.645627632Abdi, N., McGlasson, W.B., Holford, P., Williams, M., Mizrahi, Y., Responses of climateric and supressed-climateric plums to treatment with propylene and 1-methylcyclopene (1998) Postharvest Biol. Technol., 14, pp. 29-39Brackmann, A., Waclaworsky, A., Donazzolo, J., Ação do 1-MCP sobre o amadurecimento de maçãs (2000) Congresso Brasileiro de Fruticultura, 16, p. 354. , Malus doméstica Borkh) cv. Gala na temperatura de 20°C. 2000, Fortaleza. Resumos. Fortaleza: Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical/SBF, CD-ROMChitarra, A.B., Chitarra, M.I.F., (1990) Fisiologia Pós-colheita de Frutos E Hortaliças, p. 320. , Lavras: FAEPEDonadio, L.C., (1996) Variedades Brasileiras de Manga, p. 74. , São Paulo: Fundação Editora da UNESPFan, X., Argenta, L., Mattheis, J.P., Inhibition of ethylene action by 1- methylcycloprene prolongs storage of apricots (2000) Postharvest Biol. Technol, 20, pp. 135-142Faubion, D., Could new ethylene inhibitor work on fruit? (2000) Good Fruit Grower, 50, p. 18Ferreira, D.F., Análises estatísticas por meio do SISVAR para Windows versão 4.0 45a Reunião Anual Brasileira da Sociedade Internacional de Biometria, pp. 255-258. , UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Julho de 2000Garcia-Estrada, R., Siller-Cepeda, J., Carrilo-Fasio, J., Muy-Rangel, M., Baez-Sañudo, R., Marquez-Zequera, M.Y., Effecto de 1-metilciclopropeno en la presencia de Colletotrichum gloeosporoides Penz durante el mercadeo de frutos de mango (2001) Fitopatologia Brasileira, 26, p. 462Golding, J.B., Shearer, D., Wyllie, S.G., Mcglasson, W.B., Application of 1- MCP and propylene to identify ethylene-dependent ripening processes in mature banana fruit (1998) Postharvest Biol. Technol, 14, pp. 87-98Harris, D.R., Seberry, J.A., Wills, R.B.H., Spohr, L.J., Effect of fruit maturity on efficiency of 1-Methylcyclopene to delay the ripening of bananas (2000) Postharvest Biol. Technol., 20, pp. 303-308Jacomino, A.P., Kluge, R.A., Brackmann, A., Castro, P.R.C., Controle do amadurecimento e senescência de mamão com 1-metilciclopropeno (2002) Sci. Agric., 59, pp. 303-308Jeong, J., Donald, J., Steven, A., 1- Methycycloprene and waxing regulate the ripening storage life of avocado fruit (2000) HortScience, 35, p. 468Jeong, J., Huber, D.J., Sargent, S., Influence of 1-methycycloprene (1-MCP) on ripening and cell wall matrix polysaccharides of avocado (Persea americana) fruit (2002) Postharvest Biol. Technol, 25, pp. 241-256Jiang, Y., Joyce, D.C., Macnish, A.J., Responses of banana fruit to treatment with 1-Methylcyclopropene (1999) Plant Growth Regulation, 28, pp. 77-82Kays, J.S., Secondary metabolic processes and products (1991) Postharvest Physiology of Perishables Plant Products, pp. 143-255. , Kays, J.S. New York: AVI BookKluge, R.A., Jacomino, A.P., Shelf life of peaches treated with 1- methylcyclopropene (2002) Sci. Agric., 59, pp. 69-72De Lima, M.A.C., Alves, R.E., Filgueiras, H.A.C., Pereira, M.E.C., DaAlmeida, A.S., Enéas Filho, J., Postharvest maturation changes in soursop (Annona muricata L.) at room temperature as influenced by 1-MCP (2001) Memórias del IX Congresso de la Sociedad Mexicana de Ciências Hortícolas. Hort. Mexicana, 8, p. 204Lucafó, B.H.S., Boteon, M., Potencial da manga brasileira no mercado internacional (2001) Congresso Internacional de Economia E Gestão de NegóciosAgroalimentares, 3. , Ribeirão Preto:PENSA/Faculdade de Economia e Administraç ão/Universidade de São Paulo. CD-ROMMir, N.A., Curell, E., Khan, N., Whitaker, M., Beaudry, R.M., Harvest maturity, storage temperature and 1-MCP application frequency alter firmness retention and chlorophyll fluorescence of 'Redchief Delicious' apples (2001) J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 126, pp. 618-624Morais, P.L.D., (2001) Maturidade Para Colheita E Vida úTil da Manga 'Tommy Atkins' Para O Mercado Europeu, p. 83. , (Diss. in Fitotecnia). Universidade Federal de FortalezaSelvarajah, S., Bauchot, A.D., John, P., Internal browning in cold-storage pineapples is suppressed by a postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (2001) Postharvest Biol. Technol., 23, pp. 167-170Sisler, E.C., Serek, M., Dupille, E., Comparison of cyclopropene, 1- methylcyclopropene and 3, 3-dimethylcyclopropene as ethylene antagonists in plants (1996) Plant Growth Regulation, 10, pp. 169-174Wills, R.B.H., Ku, V.V.V., Use of 1-MCP to extend the time to ripen of green tomatoes and postharvest life of ripe tomatoes (2002) Postharvest Biol. Technol., 26, pp. 85-9