421 research outputs found
Influence of flock treatment with the antibiotic tylosin on poultry meat quality: results of a preliminary experiment
The veterinary antibiotic tylosin was administered to broilers at sub-therapeutic and therapeutic levels to study its effect on the quality of poultry breast meat. No statistically significant differences were observed in moisture content, pH, drip loss, colour and extent of lipid oxidation between the breast meat from treated and not treated birds. However, the cooking loss of the meat from the birds administered tylosin was significantly higher than that from the not treated ones. Additionally, the mean shear force of the breast meat was significantly lower for the sub-therapeutically treated broilers than for the not treated and the therapeutically treated ones. It was concluded that the level at which tylosin was administered to the broilers affected the quality of the breast meat, particularly its textural properties
Entropy and equilibrium state of free market models
Many recent models of trade dynamics use the simple idea of wealth exchanges
among economic agents in order to obtain a stable or equilibrium distribution
of wealth among the agents. In particular, a plain analogy compares the wealth
in a society with the energy in a physical system, and the trade between agents
to the energy exchange between molecules during collisions. In physical
systems, the energy exchange among molecules leads to a state of equipartition
of the energy and to an equilibrium situation where the entropy is a maximum.
On the other hand, in the majority of exchange models, the system converges to
a very unequal condensed state, where one or a few agents concentrate all the
wealth of the society while the wide majority of agents shares zero or almost
zero fraction of the wealth. So, in those economic systems a minimum entropy
state is attained. We propose here an analytical model where we investigate the
effects of a particular class of economic exchanges that minimize the entropy.
By solving the model we discuss the conditions that can drive the system to a
state of minimum entropy, as well as the mechanisms to recover a kind of
equipartition of wealth
Portuguese Ministers, 1851-1999: Social Background and Paths to Power
Disponível em:
http://193.136.113.6/Opac/Pages/Search/Results.aspx?SearchText=UID=bb8aa8d5-c6b6-466a-81bb-fe8a67693cee&DataBase=10449_UNLFCSHThis paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact of regime changes in the composition and patterns of recruitment of the Portuguese ministerial elite throughout the last 150 years. The ‘out-of-type’, violent nature of most regime transformations accounts for the purges in and the extensive replacements of the political personnel, namely of the uppermost officeholders. In the case of Cabinet members, such discontinuities did not imply, however, radical changes in their social profile. Although there were some significant variations, a series of salient characteristics have persisted over time. The typical Portuguese minister is a male in his midforties, of middle-class origin and predominantly urban-born, highly educated and with a state servant background. The two main occupational contingents have been university professors - except for the First Republic (1910-26) - and the military, the latter having only recently been eclipsed with the consolidation of contemporary democracy. As regards career pathways, the most striking feature is the secular trend for the declining role of parliamentary experience, which the democratic regime did not clearly reverse. In this period, a technocratic background rather than political experience has been indeed the privileged credential for a significant proportion of minister
Influência do cloreto de cálcio no crescimento de explantes de Gypsophila paniculata L. (Caryophyllaceae), cultivados in vitro
Calcium levels and calcium: available phosphorus ratios in diets for white egg layers from 42 to 58 weeks of age
Immunophenotype of gastric tumors unveils a pleiotropic role of regulatory T cells in tumor development
Simple SummaryThe role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in gastric cancer (GC) is still controversial and poorly understood. GC patients have increased numbers of Tregs in peripheral blood and among tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; however, their prognostic value depends on specific tumor features (e.g., tumor location and/or microsatellite instability status). We found that Tregs might induce membrane expression of IL2R alpha in intestinal-type GC cells, which associates with MAPK signaling pathway activation and spheroid growth. Moreover, Tregs accumulate at early steps of intestinal-type GCs progression, when tumors are starting to grow through the stomach wall, and do not present vascular and perineural invasion. Our findings suggest a novel non-immunosuppressive role of Treg cells in intestinal-type GC, which may unlock novel therapeutic immuno-oncology strategies for intestinal-type GC or other tumors with similar immune context.Gastric cancer (GC) patients display increased regulatory T cell (Tregs) numbers in peripheral blood and among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Nevertheless, the role of Tregs in GC progression remains controversial. Here, we sought to explore the impact of Tregs in GCs with distinct histology, and whether Tregs can directly influence tumor cell behavior and GC development. We performed a comprehensive immunophenotyping of 82 human GC cases, through an integrated analysis of multispectral immunofluorescence detection of T cells markers and patient clinicopathological data. Moreover, we developed 3D in vitro co-cultures with Tregs and tumor cells that were followed by high-throughput and light-sheet imaging, and their biological features studied with conventional/imaging flow cytometry and Western blotting. We showed that Tregs located at the tumor nest were frequent in intestinal-type GCs but did not associate with increased levels of effector T cells. Our in vitro results suggested that Tregs preferentially infiltrated intestinal-type GC spheroids, induced the expression of IL2R alpha and activation of MAPK signaling pathway in tumor cells, and promoted spheroid growth. Accumulation of Tregs in intestinal-type GCs was increased at early stages of the stomach wall invasion and in the absence of vascular and perineural invasion. In this study, we proposed a non-immunosuppressive mechanism through which Tregs might directly modulate GC cells and thereby promote tumor growth. Our findings hold insightful implications for therapeutic strategies targeting intestinal-type GCs and other tumors with similar immune context.MTG4Molecular tumour pathology - and tumour genetic
Gauge and Scheme Dependence of Mixing Matrix Renormalization
We revisit the issue of mixing matrix renormalization in theories that
include Dirac or Majorana fermions. We show how a gauge-variant on-shell
renormalized mixing matrix can be related to a manifestly gauge-independent one
within a generalized scheme of renormalization. This
scheme-dependent relation is a consequence of the fact that in any scheme of
renormalization, the gauge-dependent part of the mixing-matrix counterterm is
ultra-violet safe and has a pure dispersive form. Employing the unitarity
properties of the theory, we can successfully utilize the afore-mentioned
scheme-dependent relation to preserve basic global or local symmetries of the
bare Lagrangian through the entire process of renormalization. As an immediate
application of our study, we derive the gauge-independent renormalization-group
equations of mixing matrices in a minimal extension of the Standard Model with
isosinglet neutrinos.Comment: 31 pages, LaTeX, uses axodraw.st
New human case reports of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi in the Amazon region, Brazil
Animal performance and carcass characteristics of Nellore young bulls fed coated or uncoated urea slaughtered at different weights
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