Eulerian bias and the galaxy density field

We investigate the effects on cosmological clustering statistics of empirical biasing, where the galaxy distribution is a local transformation of the present-day Eulerian density field. The effects of the suppression of galaxy numbers in voids, and their enhancement in regions of high density, are considered, independently and in combination. We compare results from numerical simulations with the predictions of simple analytic models. We find that the bias is generally scale-dependent, so that the shape of the galaxy power spectrum differs from that of the underlying mass distribution. The degree of bias is always a monotonic function of scale, tending to an asymptotic value on scales where the density fluctuations are linear. The scale dependence is often rather weak, with many reasonable prescriptions giving a bias which is nearly independent of scale. We have investigated whether such an Eulerian bias can reconcile a range of theoretical power spectra with the twin requirements of fitting the galaxy power spectrum and reproducing the observed mass-to-light ratios in clusters. It is not possible to satisfy these constraints for any member of the family of CDM-like power spectra in an Einstein - de Sitter universe when normalised to match COBE on large scales and galaxy cluster abundances on intermediate scales. We discuss what modifications of the mass power spectrum might produce agreement with the observational data.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX (using mn.sty, epsfig), 17 Postscript figures included. Accepted for publication in MNRA

A Search for Moderate-Redshift Survivors from the Population of Luminous Compact Passive Galaxies at High Redshift

From a search of a ~ 2400 square degree region covered by both the SDSS and UKIDSS databases, we have attempted to identify galaxies at z ~ 0.5 that are consistent with their being essentially unmodified examples of the luminous passive compact galaxies found at z ~ 2.5. After isolating good candidates via deeper imaging, we further refine the sample with Keck moderate-resolution spectroscopy and laser-guide-star adaptive-optics imaging. For 4 of the 5 galaxies that so far remain after passing through this sieve, we analyze plausible star-formation histories based on our spectra in order to identify galaxies that may have survived with little modification from the population formed at high redshift. We find 2 galaxies that are consistent with having formed > 95% of their mass at z > 5. We attempt to estimate masses both from our stellar population determinations and from velocity dispersions. Given the high frequency of small axial ratios, both in our small sample and among samples found at high redshifts, we tentatively suggest that some of the more extreme examples of passive compact galaxies may have prolate morphologies.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, ApJ in press; error in Table 1 corrected, some new references adde

MMI partial extraction geochemistry for the resolution of anthropogenic activities across the archaeological Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum

Sixty three soils samples, fourteen samples of previously excavated archaeological material, and five background soil samples taken at the Silchester Roman Town of Calleva Atrebatum in the County of Hampshire, United Kingdom were analysed by the Mobile Metal Ion (MMI) method for a total of fifty three elements. Samples from within the town walls showed considerably higher concentrations than samples outside for many elements; Au, Ag, Cu and Sn were in extremely anomalous concentrations, Bi, Cd, Hg, Mo, P and Pb were anomalous and Sb and Zn in elevated concentrations. The overall pattern of element distribution is one of an annulus of higher elemental concentrations surrounding a centre of generally lower values centred on the previously excavated Forum basilica. The elements Zr, Ti, Th, Ti, Tl, Nb, Sn, Sc, Cr, Co, Sb, Bi, Ce, Nd (and all other REEs), show similar distributions to one another, and their distribution and that of the noble and base metals, as highlighted by various additive indices, is considered to be the result of metallurgical processing on site. The low values for most elements around the Forum basilica are the result of disturbance of the soil geochemical profile in this area by previous archaeological excavation

Waiting for surgery from the patient perspective

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the impact of waiting for elective surgery from the patient perspective, with a focus on maximum tolerance, quality of life, and the nature of the waiting experience. Searches were conducted using Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and HealthSTAR. Twenty-seven original research articles were identified which included each of these three themes. The current literature suggested that first, patients tend to state longer wait times as unacceptable when they experienced severe symptoms or functional impairment. Second, the relationship between length of wait and health-related quality of life depended on the nature and severity of proposed surgical intervention at the time of booking. Third, the waiting experience was consistently described as stressful and anxiety provoking. While many patients expressed anger and frustration at communication within the system, the experience of waiting was not uniformly negative. Some patients experienced waiting as an opportunity to live full lives despite pain and disability. The relatively unexamined relationship between waiting, illness and patient experience of time represents an area for future research

Neutrinos with Lorentz-violating operators of arbitrary dimension

The behavior of fermions in the presence of Lorentz and CPT violation is studied. Allowing for operators of any mass dimension, we classify all Lorentz-violating terms in the quadratic Lagrange density for free fermions. The result is adapted to obtain the effective hamiltonian describing the propagation and mixing of three flavors of left-handed neutrinos in the presence of Lorentz violation involving operators of arbitrary mass dimension. A characterization of the neutrino coefficients for Lorentz violation is provided via a decomposition using spin-weighted spherical harmonics. The restriction of the general theory to various special cases is discussed, including among others the renormalizable limit, the massless scenario, flavor-blind and oscillation-free models, the diagonalizable case, and several isotropic limits. The formalism is combined with existing data on neutrino oscillations and kinematics to extract a variety of measures of coefficients for Lorentz and CPT violation. For oscillations, we use results from the short-baseline experiments LSND and MiniBooNE to obtain explicit sensitivities to effects from flavor-mixing Lorentz-violating operators up to mass dimension 10, and we present methods to analyze data from long-baseline experiments. For propagation, we use time-of-flight measurements from the supernova SN1987A and from a variety of experiments including MINOS and OPERA to constrain oscillation-free Lorentz-violating operators up to mass dimension 10, and we discuss constraints from threshold effects in meson decays and Cherenkov emission.Comment: 35 pages two-column REVTe

A new Neandertal femoral diaphysis from Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, Charente, France)

Background and purpose: A femoral diaphysis of an adult Neandertal was discovered in 2010 at the site of Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, Charente, France) with occupation levels from MIS 4. We describe the Les Pradelles (LP) femoral diaphysis and discuss its morphometric characteristics in relation to Late Pleistocene diversity. Materials and methods: The comparative sample for the LP femur consists of Neandertals, Middle Paleolithic modern humans and European Upper Palaeolithic modern humans. Classical measurements (diameters) and cross-sectional geometric properties were studied at mid-diaphysis. The pattern of thickness variations was also analyzed. Results: Morphological aspects of this diaphysis clearly relate it to those of the Neandertals (anterior curvature, lack of pilaster, medial buttress). Exostoses near and on the linea aspera may be the consequence of a pathological bone reaction, with unknown cause. Cross-sectional geometric properties place the LP femur within the range of Neandertal variation. It presents, among other features, a greater amount of cortical bone in comparison tomodern human variability. The 3Dmodeling highlights a medial side with an important cortical thickness corresponding to the medial buttress. Conclusions: The LP femur provides additional data to our knowledge of MIS4 Neandertal variability, less well documented than those assigned to MIS5 and MIS3

Prevalence and burden of health problems in competitive adolescent distance runners:A 6-month prospective cohort study

This is the final version. Available on open access from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this recordData availability statement: Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.To describe all health problems (injuries and illnesses) in relation to type, location, incidence, prevalence, time loss, severity, and burden, in competitive adolescent distance runners in England. Prospective observational study: 136 competitive adolescent distance runners (73 female athletes) self-reported all health problems for 24-weeks between May and October 2019. Athletes self-reported health problems using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems. The incidence of running-related injury per 1,000 hours of exposure was markedly higher, compared to previous research. At any time, 24% [95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 21–26%] of athletes reported a health problem, with 11% [95% CI: 9–12%] having experienced a health problem that had substantial negative impact on training and performance. Female athletes reported noticeably more illnesses, compared to male athletes, including higher prevalence, incidence, time loss, and severity. The most burdensome health problems, irrespective of sex, included lower leg, knee, and foot/toes injuries, alongside upper respiratory illnesses. The mean weekly prevalence of time loss was relatively low, regardless of health problem type or sex. Competitive adolescent distance runners are likely to be training and competing whilst concurrently experiencing health problems. These findings will support the development of injury and illness prevention measures.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC

Cytological characteristics of the Sellaphoraceae

Chloroplast and pyrenoid structure are described for Sellaphora, Fallacia and Rossia (Sellaphoraceae). All have a single chloroplast per cell, which is basically H-shaped, consisting of two large girdle-appressed plates connected by a central isthmus, though the plates may also bear longitudinal or transverse lobes; one or two invaginated pyrenoids are always present. Fallacia chloroplasts are more variable than those of Sellaphora but always differ fundamentally from the valve-appressed chloroplasts of the unrelated but superficially similar genus Lyrella. Outside Sellaphoraceae, invaginated pyrenoids are uncommon except in the Pinnulariaceae, closely related to the Sellaphoraceae according to molecular data and sharing a similar raphe structure, consistent with the classification of both in the suborder Sellaphorineae. However, invaginated pyrenoids are also found in Diploneis

Marillac-le-Franc – Les Pradelles

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 204782 Date de l'opération : 2009 (PI) Le gisement des Pradelles a fait l'objet d'une campagne de fouilles de quatre semaines en Juillet. Comme pour les années 2002 à 2007, la première moitié de cette période n'a impliqué qu'une équipe de fouilleurs bénévoles de l'université de Princeton dans le cadre d'une école de fouilles faisant suite à des cours théoriques (niveau « undergraduated ») donnés à l'université Bordeaux 1 et leur permettant de valider..

Platelet Function Monitoring in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Studies focused on patient responsiveness to antiplatelet therapies, particularly aspirin and clopidogrel, have increased in recent years. However, the relations of in vivo platelet function and adverse clinical events to results of ex vivo platelet function tests remain largely unknown. This article describes current methods of measuring platelet function in various clinical and research situations and their advantages and disadvantages, reviews evidence for antiplatelet response variability and resistance, discusses the potential pitfalls of monitoring platelet function, and demonstrates emerging data supporting the positive clinical and treatment implications of platelet function testing