116 research outputs found
Complex cooperative networks from evolutionary preferential attachment
In spite of its relevance to the origin of complex networks, the interplay
between form and function and its role during network formation remains largely
unexplored. While recent studies introduce dynamics by considering rewiring
processes of a pre-existent network, we study network growth and formation by
proposing an evolutionary preferential attachment model, its main feature being
that the capacity of a node to attract new links depends on a dynamical
variable governed in turn by the node interactions. As a specific example, we
focus on the problem of the emergence of cooperation by analyzing the formation
of a social network with interactions given by the Prisoner's Dilemma. The
resulting networks show many features of real systems, such as scale-free
degree distributions, cooperative behavior and hierarchical clustering.
Interestingly, results such as the cooperators being located mostly on nodes of
intermediate degree are very different from the observations of cooperative
behavior on static networks. The evolutionary preferential attachment mechanism
points to an evolutionary origin of scale-free networks and may help understand
similar feedback problems in the dynamics of complex networks by appropriately
choosing the game describing the interaction of nodes.Comment: 6 pages and 4 figures, APS format. Submitted for publicatio
Prototyping Self in Silicon Valley, Deep Diversity as a Framework for Anthropological Inquiry
High-technology work fuels a dynamic global exchange from technopoles throughout the world, but especially between East and South Asia and the northern Californian region of Silicon Valley. This migration drives an expanded number of ancestral identities. Professional and activity-based identities flourish as Silicon Valley’s strong narrative of meritocracy loosens the grip of birth ascription on the creation of identities. These achieved identities proliferate as people experiment on their own sense of self. Traditional conceptual tools related to immigration, and even such contemporary approaches as Appadurai’s ethnoscapes, do not adequately illuminate the ethnographic data on Silicon Valley workers, families, and especially youth. The concept of deep diversity, first posed by philosopher Charles Taylor and reified by anthropologist Clifford Geertz, reinterprets the interactions of traditional ethnic identity categories, providing a powerful framework with which to think
Formal Education as a Facilitator of Migration and Integration: A Case Study of Nigerian University Graduates
The geo-constitution: Understanding the intersection of geography and political institutions
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record.This paper draws on existing work in the discipline of human geography and cognate fields in order
to develop the concept of the ‘geo-constitution’. This concept aims to: (1) highlight the importance
of intersections between geography and political institutions in the constitution of government; (2)
consider the path-dependent development of political institutions and their impact on statecraft and
citizenship; (3) explore the implications of this for political reform. The paper provides an overview
of current thinking in political geography and applies the concept of the geo-constitution to the
example of devolution and localism in the United Kingdom
Internalisation Theory and outward direct investment by emerging market multinationals
The rise of multinational enterprises from emerging countries (EMNEs) poses an important test for theories of the multinational enterprise such as internalisation theory. It has been contended that new phenomena need new theory. This paper proposes that internalisation theory is appropriate to analyse EMNEs. This paper examines four approaches to EMNEs—international investment strategies, domestic market imperfections, international corporate networks and domestic institutions—and three case studies—Chinese outward FDI, Indian foreign acquisitions and investment in tax havens—to show the enduring relevance and predictive power of internalisation theory. This analysis encompasses many other approaches as special cases of internalisation theory. The use of internalisation theory to analyse EMNEs is to be commended, not only because of its theoretical inclusivity, but also because it has the ability to connect and to explain seemingly desperate phenomena
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