Flexural impact resistance of steel beams with rectangular web openings

This paper focuses on the flexural impact behaviour of steel I-beams with rectangular web openings. Published studies on impact resistance and design requirements of perforated steel beams are limited. To shed light such a topic, detailed non-linear three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) were developed using ABAQUS. Rigorous validation process was employed to verify the FEMs built against published experimental tests in terms of force and displacement time histories. Reasonably good agreement was obtained between the numerical results and the corresponding experimental ones. Then, the validated FEMs were exploited to investigate the flexural impact resistance of perforated steel beams with rectangular openings. The factors examined in the current study were the area, depth, number and reinforcement of web openings under different impact velocities ranged between 2.214 to 7 m/s to provide comprehensive understanding on the flexural impact response of steel beams perforated with rectangular openings. It was observed that increasing the number of narrow web openings negligibly effected the flexural impact resistance of steel beams. Moreover, using wide openings significantly reduced the dynamic flexural resistance of such beams. Besides, slight effect on the flexural impact resistance and mid-span deflections were obtained if the depth of openings increased. Moreover, a considerable improvement was observed by providing perforated beams by horizontal steel reinforcement particularly for those with wide openings. The perforated steel beams showed similar mode of failure by generating four plastic hinges around the edges of an opening, which is the failure mode produced for perforated beams under quasi-static loading

qutip/qutip: Qutip 4.5.2

Bug Fixes zcsr_proj does not fail with unsorted indices (by Jake Lishman) Fixed Milstein's heterodyne errors (by Eric Giguère) Removed risky code (by Jake Lishman) Fix datatype bug in lattice (by Boxi Li) eigh issues on mac with openBLAS fixed (by Eric Giguère) Improvements Faster zcsr_inner (by Jake Lishman) Support for Scipy 1.5 (by Jake Lishman) Better error message when installing without numpy (by Eric Giguère) Book keeping Various code style improvements (by Jake Lishman)Bug Fixes zcsr_proj does not fail with unsorted indices (by Jake Lishman) Fixed Milstein's heterodyne errors (by Eric Giguère) Removed risky code (by Jake Lishman) Fix datatype bug in lattice (by Boxi Li) eigh issues on mac with openBLAS fixed (by Eric Giguère) Improvements Faster zcsr_inner (by Jake Lishman) Support for Scipy 1.5 (by Jake Lishman) Better error message when installing without numpy (by Eric Giguère) Book keeping Various code style improvements (by Jake Lishman)4.5.