Siber Zorbalık ve Mağduriyetin Yaygınlığının ve Risk Faktörlerinin İncelenmesi

The aim of this study was to examine risk factors related to cyber bullying and victimization. The study was carried out with 160 adolescents applying to the Child/Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of Süleyman Demirel University in Isparta, Turkey. Data was collected through using the Socio-Demographic Information Form, Internet Addiction Scale, and Cyber Victim and Bullying Scale. The results of the study showed that cyber bullying was related to gender, the risk of Internet addiction, the frequency of visiting Internet cafes, adolescents’ perception of their mothers’ Internet skills, the daily duration of visiting social networking sites, usage of the Internet predominantly to play online games, the monthly income of the family, and the mothers’ educational status. Cyber victimization, on the other hand, was found to be related to the risk of Internet addiction, the frequency of visiting Internet cafes, adolescents’ perception of their mothers’ Internet skills, and usage of the Internet predominantly to play online games. The results of the study were discussed in the light of relevant literature.Bu araştırmanın amacı siber zorba, siber mağdur, siber zorba/mağdur ve siber zorbalığa hiçbir biçimde karışmamış bireylerin oranını araştırmak ve siber zorbalık ve mağduriyete ilişkin risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran 160 ergenle yürütülmüştür. Veriler Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Siber Mağduriyet ve Zorbalık Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları siber zorbalığın cinsiyet, internet kafeye gitme sıklığı, ergenin annesinin internet becerisine ilişkin algısı, günlük sosyal paylaşım sitelerine girme süresi, internet bağımlılığı riski, interneti en çok çevrimiçi oyun oynamak amacıyla kullanma ve ailenin aylık geliri ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Öte yandan siber mağduriyetin ise internet kafeye gitme sıklığı, ergenin annesinin internet becerisine ilişkin algısı, interneti en çok çevrimiçi oyun oynamak amacıyla kullanma ve internet bağımlılığı riski ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır

A Diagnosis with Little Awareness in Adolescence: Menstrual Psychosis

Menstrual psychosis has been described as a brief psychotic episode acute in its onset, rapid in its resolution, and marked by variable temporal boundaries within the menstrual cycle. It is a rare disorder with a crudely estimated prevalence of 1 in 10,000. To confirm a case with menstrual psychosis clinically, detailed dates regarding the association of the menstrual cycle and psychosis are necessary. Menstrual psychosis occurs most commonly in phases of the menstrual cycle where estrogen levels are low. It is thought to be caused by increased dopamine sensitivity during the low estrogen phases of the menstrual cycle. The mainstay of pharmacological treatment in menstrual psychosis is neuroleptics, mood stabilizers, and hormonal therapy. Antipsychotics and antidepressants have been reported to be helpful during acute psychotic states in menstrual psychoses, but have not been documented as successful monotherapy in the prevention of further episodes in the treatment of menstrual psychoses. Severe affective instability with evident psychosis during the menstrual cycle should be evaluated for menstrual psychosis. Further research is needed to describe most aspects of the disorder, including prevalence, pathophysiology, genetic risk, and evidence-based therapies. Menstrual psychosis is a distinct category of mental illness that should be managed by a multidisciplinary team. Education on menstrual psychosis should also be increased as it is likely to be missed clinically. Increased identification is important as the treatment is effective, and safe

Do Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Affect Patients’ Self-Concept and Psychosocial Status?

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-concept and psychosocial status measured by the levels of social phobia and loneliness in a sample of adolescent patients with different malocclusions and to explain the relationships, if any, between malocclusions.Methods:This study was performed on 90 (41 females and 49 males) orthodontic patients with a mean age of 13.52±1.81 years. The patients were divided into three groups (Class I, Class II, and Class III) according to the different types of malocclusions. Piers–Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale (PHCSCS) was used to determine the self-concepts of patients. In addition, the levels of social phobia and loneliness were measured by Capa Social Phobia Scale for Children and Adolescents (CSPSCA) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Inventory, respectively. Data were analyzed statistically. The self-concept, social phobia, and loneliness scores of each group were compared using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test.Results:Self-concept scores did not significantly differ between the groups, except for the popularity subscale. Patients with Class II malocclusion had the lowest popularity scores. No significant differences were found between the levels of social phobia and loneliness among groups (p>0.05).Conclusion:Our findings demonstrated that different malocclusions do not affect patients’ self-concept and psychosocial well-being

Evaluation of self-esteem and dermatological quality of life in adolescents with atopic dermatitis

Background and Design: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by itchy skin lesions. Since adolescents are intensely interested in their physical appearance, chronic skin diseases in this period can adversely affect the development of self esteem. Atopic dermatitis is a skin disease that affects the appearance and there is an heightened attention to the body image in adolescence which is an important period of time in the development of self-esteem. Therefore, we aimed to investigate self-esteem and dermatological quality of life in adolescents with atopic dermatitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients with atopic dermatitis and 33 healthy controls were included in the study. The Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale and the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) were used for determining self-esteem and quality of life. The Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Index was used to assess the severity of atopic dermatitis. Results: It was found that patient group had lower self-esteem than healthy controls according to the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale. A statistically significant difference was observed in happiness/satisfaction and anxiety subscale scores between the patients and healthy controls while there was no significant difference between the other sub-scale scores. Mean value of dermatological quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis was significantly lower than in healthy controls. A moderate negative correlation was found between self-esteem and CDLQI scores among adolescents with atopic dermatitis. Discussion: This study results have shown that self-esteem and dermatological quality of life were adversely affected in adolescents with atopic dermatitis irrespective of gender. These patients should be examined psychiatrically besides dermatological examination and treatment. We suggest that improvement will be observed in self-esteem and quality of life of adolescents with atopic dermatitis by providing the necessary psychosocial support

Childhood Sexual Abuse

Sexual abuse is defined as use of child or adolescent by the adults for satisfying of sexual urges and needs with forcing, threatening or tricking. Sexual abuse can be in the form of sexual abuse without touch, sexual touch, interfemoral intercourse, sexual penetration, and sexual exploitation. The prevalence of sexual abuse is reported as 10-40%. It is seen in female four times more than in males. Abusers are frequently male, only 5-15% of them are female. The abuse by females is usually towards male child. Thirty-fifty percent of abuse cases among child and adolescent are outside the family including strangers or familiar person. Some features of abusers are introvert personality, pedophilic and antisocial personality. Most of the abusers have a history of sexual abuse or aggression during childhood. Sexual intercourse between two people who are not allowed to marry by law is called as incest. Family pattern of incest is defined globally as disorganized and dysfunctional. The most commonly reported familial pattern is rigid and patriarchal family pattern with a harsh father using force quite frequently. The clinical features and impacts of the sexual abuse on the child varies according to the relation between abusers and the child, form of abuse, duration of abuse, presence of physical assault, developmental phase, child age and psychological development before the abuse. Sexual abuse history may result in psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, substance dependence, suicide act, borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder. Abuse negatively affects interpersonal relationships and self esteem of abused individuals. Several studies reported close association between risky sexual behaviors in adulthood and a history of of sexual abuse during childhood. Four traumatic dynamics including traumatic sexuality with abuse, feeling of betrayal, weakness, and stigmatization exist in childhood abuse. Trauma can cause behavioral and psychological results by itself, early trauma may also lead to biological effects. Especially traumas during neuron plasticity phase may lead hypersensitivity of neuroendocrine stress response. Early life stresses are shown to lead changes in corticotrophin releasing factor system in preclinical and clinical phase studies. In the treatment of sexual abuse, emotional process related with trauma should be focused on. This process may be conducted with play therapy. Development of higher level defense mechanism, increasing ego capacity, orientation to social activity and personal activity according to skills is aimed. For the elimination of guiltiness related with stigmatization, the child should be told that it is not herhis fault to incorporate into sexual interaction and the culprit is abuser. It is fairly important for medical staff, school and family to have sufficient information about sexual abuse for prevention and early recognition

Child Marriages and Psychosocial Outcomes

One of the most frequent forms of child abuse worldwide is child marriage. Underage marriages are going on to keep their commonness in countries such as Turkey although frequencies of them are decreasing in the world. Child marriage generally refers to the marriage of a child who is under 18 years of age. Because the majority of these marriages are performed without the conscious consent of the child, they are also defined as “early and forced marriages. Child marriages seperate children from their families and friends, expose them to domestic violence, jeopardize their development and the opportunities in educational, social and occupational areas. Early marriages may lead to psychologi-cal problems as well as depression and suicide. The aim of this article is to evaluate the frequency and causes of early marriage and its psychosocial consequences. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2017; 9(4.000): 410-420

Siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yaygınlığının ve risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı siber zorba, siber mağdur, siber zorba/mağdur ve siber zorbalığa hiçbir biçimde karışmamış bireylerin oranını araştırmak ve siber zorbalık ve mağduriyete ilişkin risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran 160 ergenle yürütülmüştür. Veriler Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Siber Mağduriyet ve Zorbalık Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları siber zorbalığın cinsiyet, internet kafeye gitme sıklığı, ergenin annesinin internet becerisine ilişkin algısı, günlük sosyal paylaşım sitelerine girme süresi, internet bağımlılığı riski, interneti en çok çevrimiçi oyun oynamak amacıyla kullanma ve ailenin aylık geliri ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Öte yandan siber mağduriyetin ise internet kafeye gitme sıklığı, ergenin annesinin internet becerisine ilişkin algısı, interneti en çok çevrimiçi oyun oynamak amacıyla kullanma ve internet bağımlılığı riski ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır

Pathological Fire Setting Behavior in Children and Adolescents

Patolojik yangın çıkarma davranışı en az 6 ay süre içinde gerçekleşen çeşitli tutuşturma hikâyeleriyle karakterizedir. Bu davranış hem çocukluk çağı hem de ergenlikte görülebilmekte ve bireysel, sosyal, çevresel faktörlerin karmaşık etkileşiminin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Toplum örnekli çalışmalar yangın çıkarmanın çocuk ve ergenlerde yaklaşık %5-10 oranında gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, patolojik yangın çıkarma davranışının oluş mekanizmasına, bu davranışı etkileyen faktörlere, davranışın altında yatan motivasyonlara, bu davranışı sergileyen çocuk ve ergenlerin demografik, bireysel, ailesel ve çevresel özelliklerine yönelik çeşitli teoriler ve bulgular ortaya konulmuştur. Etkili tedavi stratejilerinin hedefleri yangın çıkarma davranışını azaltmak ve psikopatolojinin altında yatan nedenlerde anlamlı değişiklikler yaratmaktır. Ayaktan tedavi tercih edilen yöntemdir, bununla birlikte özellikle yangın çıkaran gençler için düzenlenmiş bazı yataklı tedavi programları da bulunmaktadır. Çocuklarda ve ergenlerde yangın çıkarma için en yaygın iki müdahale yaklaşımı itfaiye (yangın hizmeti) yönetimli eğitim müdahaleleri ve ruh sağlığı tabanlı psikososyal müdahalelerdir. Dünya literatüründe patolojik yangın çıkarma davranışıyla ilgili 19. yüzyıldan itibaren birçok çalışma bulunmasına rağmen, ülkemizde patolojik yangın çıkarma davranışı ile ilgili henüz herhangi bir epidemiyolojik veri ya da çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Oysaki ülkemizde de özellikle suça sürüklenen çocuklar bağlamında, çocuk ve ergenlerde çeşitli derecelerde yangın çıkarma davranışları ve kundakçılık olmakta, bunlar sonucunda maddi hasar yanında ciddi yaralanmalar ve hatta ölümler meydana gelebilmektedir. Amacımız patolojik yangın çıkarma davranışını literatür eşliğinde tartışmak ve yangın hizmetiyle ilgili kurumların farkındalığını artırmak ve ileride yapılacak olan çalışmalara ışık tutmaktır.Pathological fire setting behavior is characterized by various types of fire setting behavior that lasts at least 6 months. This behavior can be observed both during childhood and adolescence and it develops as a result of the complex interaction between individual, social and environmental factors. Sample population based studies show that fire setting behavior occurs in children and adolescents by 5-10%. The studies that have been conducted have yielded to various theories and findings concerning the mechanism of occurrence of pathological fire setting behavior, the factors that affect this behavior and the demographic, individual, family and environmental characteristics of the children and adolescents who engage in such behavior. The objectives of effective treatment strategies are reducing fire setting behavior as well as making significant changes in the causes underlying the psychopathology. Outpatient care is the preferred method. In addition, there are some inpatient treatment programs designed especially for young people who set fires. The two most common approaches in intervention concerning fire setting behavior are firefighting (fire service) based training interventions and mental health based psycho-social interventions. Even though numerous studies have been conducted in the world concerning pathological fire setting behavior from the 19th century onwards, no epidemiological data or study on pathological fire setting behavior exists in Turkey. This seems to be the case in our country despite the fact that fire setting behavior at various degrees and even arson occurs in children and adolescents and results in material damage as well as serious injury and even death especially in the context of children who are pushed into crime. Our objective is to discuss pathological fire setting behavior in line with the literature on the subject, to increase the awareness of the fire service institutions and to shed light on further studies to be conducted on this issue