Burkitt’s Lymphoma: a Rare Sporadic Case

U radu je opisan slučaj devetogodišnjega dječaka s multilokularnim lezijama u objema čeljustima, uz prisutnu facijalnu asimetriju ekstraoralno te intraoralan nalaz zamjetnih gingivalnih lezija s fiksiranim oteklinama na lijevoj, te dijelovima desne strane i mandibule i maksile. Radiografske pretrage uključivale su i panoramsku rendgensku snimku na kojoj se vidi tek lagana radiolucentnost u lijevoj premolarnoj i molarnoj regiji mandibule. Incizijska biopsija obavljena je na gingivalnim masama te je histopatološka analiza potvrdila BL. Liječenje se nije moglo završiti, jer se s time nisu složili pacijentovi neškolovani roditelji iz skupine stanovništva niskoga društvenog položaja. Pacijent je umro osam mjeseci nakon što mu je bila postavljena dijagnoza. U ovom smo predstavljanju kliničkoga slučaja nastojali opisati rijedak i povremen slučaj BL-a koji je zahvaćao četiri čeljusna segmenta, što je inače obilježje endemskog oblika BL-a, te smo željeli istaknuti značenje suradnje između liječnika i pacijenta ili njegovih skrbnika.We report a case of a 9 year-old boy who had multilocular lesions in both of his jaws. There was extraoral facial asymmetry and intraoral examination revealed remarkable gingival lesions with fixed swellings on the left and right parts of both maxilla and mandible. Radiographic examination included panoramic radiograph showing only a slight radiolucency in the left premolar and molar region of mandible. Incisional biopsy of the gingival masses was performed and histopathologic examination disclosed BL. The treatment could not be completed due to the disagreement of patient’s parents who were uneducated and had a low social status. The patient died within 8 months after the diagnosis. In this report we aimed to present a rare sporadic case of BL with a four segmental involvement of the jaws which is usually seen in endemic type of BL as well as emphasize the significance of the cooperation between physicians and patients

Burkitt’s Lymphoma: a Rare Sporadic Case

U radu je opisan slučaj devetogodišnjega dječaka s multilokularnim lezijama u objema čeljustima, uz prisutnu facijalnu asimetriju ekstraoralno te intraoralan nalaz zamjetnih gingivalnih lezija s fiksiranim oteklinama na lijevoj, te dijelovima desne strane i mandibule i maksile. Radiografske pretrage uključivale su i panoramsku rendgensku snimku na kojoj se vidi tek lagana radiolucentnost u lijevoj premolarnoj i molarnoj regiji mandibule. Incizijska biopsija obavljena je na gingivalnim masama te je histopatološka analiza potvrdila BL. Liječenje se nije moglo završiti, jer se s time nisu složili pacijentovi neškolovani roditelji iz skupine stanovništva niskoga društvenog položaja. Pacijent je umro osam mjeseci nakon što mu je bila postavljena dijagnoza. U ovom smo predstavljanju kliničkoga slučaja nastojali opisati rijedak i povremen slučaj BL-a koji je zahvaćao četiri čeljusna segmenta, što je inače obilježje endemskog oblika BL-a, te smo željeli istaknuti značenje suradnje između liječnika i pacijenta ili njegovih skrbnika.We report a case of a 9 year-old boy who had multilocular lesions in both of his jaws. There was extraoral facial asymmetry and intraoral examination revealed remarkable gingival lesions with fixed swellings on the left and right parts of both maxilla and mandible. Radiographic examination included panoramic radiograph showing only a slight radiolucency in the left premolar and molar region of mandible. Incisional biopsy of the gingival masses was performed and histopathologic examination disclosed BL. The treatment could not be completed due to the disagreement of patient’s parents who were uneducated and had a low social status. The patient died within 8 months after the diagnosis. In this report we aimed to present a rare sporadic case of BL with a four segmental involvement of the jaws which is usually seen in endemic type of BL as well as emphasize the significance of the cooperation between physicians and patients

Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as a pure third ventricular lesion: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Primary central nervous system lymphomas are infrequently occurring lymphomas that account for only 0.3-1.5% of all intra-cranial neoplasms in patients without acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, a pure third ventricle lymphoma is extremely rare. Here, we discuss the similar radiological appearances of lesions localized in the third ventricle and the importance of accurately diagnosing primary central nervous system lymphomas for favorable treatment outcomes.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 38-year-old Caucasian man from Turkey presented with a severe headache lasting for three months that failed to respond to any medication. Both severity and duration of the symptoms increased gradually, resulting in vomiting, nausea and gait disturbance that accompanied the headache for three weeks. Neuro-imaging studies showed a lesion located solely in the third ventricle, resulting in partial obstruction of the foramen of Monro. The pre-operative diagnosis was a colloid cyst. Following the surgical procedure, the results of pathological and immunochemical assays revealed that the pre-operative diagnosis was incorrect and that the lesion was a primary central system lymphoma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Pure third ventricle lymphomas are extremely rare and are exceptionally localized. It is important to be aware of, and to differentiate between, other possible third ventricular lesions that may mimic the same radiological appearance. Accurate diagnosis is necessary for selecting appropriate treatment modalities.</p

Prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder among adults in flood district

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Flood is one of the most common and severe forms of natural disasters. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common disorder among victims of various disasters including flood. Early prediction for PTSD could benefit the prevention and treatment of PTSD. This study aimed to establish a prediction model for the occurrence of PTSD among adults in flood districts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2000 among individuals who were affected by the 1998 floods in Hunan, China. Multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects from the flood-affected areas. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. PTSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Study subjects were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 was used to establish the prediction model and group 2 was used to validate the model. We first used the logistic regression analysis to select predictive variables and then established a risk score predictive model. The validity of model was evaluated by using the model in group 2 and in all subjects. The area under the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 2336 (9.2%) subjects were diagnosed as probable PTSD-positive individuals among a total of 25,478 study subjects. Seven independent predictive factors (age, gender, education, type of flood, severity of flood, flood experience, and the mental status before flood) were identified as key variables in a risk score model. The area under the ROC curve for the model was 0.853 in the validation data. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this risk score model were 84.0%, 72.2%, 23.4%, and 97.8%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 67.5 in the validation data.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A simple risk score model can be used to predict PTSD among victims of flood.</p

The Function of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Is Independent of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein OS-9

The protein “amplified in osteosarcoma-9” (OS-9) has been shown previously to interact with the prolyl hydroxylases PHD2 and PHD3. These enzymes initiate oxygen-dependent degradation of the α-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that adapts cells to insufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia). A new model has been proposed where OS-9 triggers PHD dependent degradation of HIF-α. It was the aim of our study to define the molecular mode of action of OS-9 in the regulation of PHD and HIF activity. Although initial co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed physical interaction between OS-9 and PHD2, neither overexpression nor lentiviral inhibition of OS-9 expression affected HIF regulation. Subcellular localization experiments revealed a distinct reticular staining pattern for OS-9 while PHD2 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Further cell fractionation experiments and glycosylation tests indicated that OS-9 is a luminal ER protein. In vivo protein interaction analysis by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) showed no significant physical interaction of overexpressed PHD2-CFP and OS-9-YFP. We conclude that OS-9 plays no direct functional role in HIF degradation since physical interaction of OS-9 with oxygen sensing HIF prolyl hydroxylases cannot occur in vivo due to their different subcellular localization

Structural, Metabolic, and Functional Brain Abnormalities as a Result of Prenatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse: Evidence from Neuroimaging

Prenatal exposure to alcohol and stimulants negatively affects the developing trajectory of the central nervous system in many ways. Recent advances in neuroimaging methods have allowed researchers to study the structural, metabolic, and functional abnormalities resulting from prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse in living human subjects. Here we review the neuroimaging literature of prenatal exposure to alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Neuroimaging studies of prenatal alcohol exposure have reported differences in the structure and metabolism of many brain systems, including in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, in the cerebellum and basal ganglia, as well as in the white matter tracts that connect these brain regions. Functional imaging studies have identified significant differences in brain activation related to various cognitive domains as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure. The published literature of prenatal exposure to cocaine and methamphetamine is much smaller, but evidence is beginning to emerge suggesting that exposure to stimulant drugs in utero may be particularly toxic to dopamine-rich basal ganglia regions. Although the interpretation of such findings is somewhat limited by the problem of polysubstance abuse and by the difficulty of obtaining precise exposure histories in retrospective studies, such investigations provide important insights into the effects of drugs of abuse on the structure, function, and metabolism of the developing human brain. These insights may ultimately help clinicians develop better diagnostic tools and devise appropriate therapeutic interventions to improve the condition of children with prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse

Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a type of dental caries in the teeth of infants and children that is represented as one of the most prevalent dental problems in this period. Various studies have reported different types of prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children worldwide. However, there has been no comprehensive study to summarize the results of these studies in general, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world during a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In this review study, articles were extracted by searching in the national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) between 1995 and December 2019. Random effects model was used for analysis and heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by using the I2 index. Data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software. Findings: In this study, a total of 164 articles (81 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and 83 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth) were entered the meta-analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 80,405 was 46.2% (95% CI: 41.6–50.8%), and the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 1,454,871 was 53.8% (95% CI: 50–57.5%). Regarding the heterogeneity on the basis of meta-regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world. With increasing the sample size and the year of study, dental caries in primary teeth increased and in permanent teeth decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of primary and permanent dental caries in children in the world was found to be high. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels by providing feedback to hospitals

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS