Cassini dust measurements at Enceladus and implications for the origin of the E ring

Spahn F, Schmidt J, Albers N, et al. Cassini dust measurements at Enceladus and implications for the origin of the E ring. Science. 2006;311(5766):1416-1418

Early Inner Solar System Impactors: Physical Properties of Comet Nuclei and Dust Particles Revisited

During the epoch of early bombardment, terrestrial planets have been heavily impacted by cometary nuclei and cometary dust particles progressively injected in the interplanetary medium. Stardust and Deep Impact missions confirm that the nuclei are porous, loosely consolidated objects, with densities below 1,000 kg m−3, and that they often release small fragments of ices and dust. Recent numerical simulations of the light scattering properties of cometary dust particles indicate that they are highly porous, most likely fractal, and rich in absorbing organics compounds (with a mixture ratio of e.g. 33 to 60% in mass for comet Hale–Bopp). Taking into account the fact that porous structures survive more easily than compact ones during atmospheric entry, such results reinforce the scenario of the early terrestrial planets enrichment – in organics needed for life to originate – by comets