A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Enantioselective synthesis of proline derivatives by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions

Research devoted to the synthesis of highly substituted prolines, which are hepatitis C virus inhibitors, using 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (1,3-DC) of azomethine ylides is described. In the first part, a diastereoselective approach using an inexpensive lactate-derived acrylate as dipolarophile is described. In the second part, our efforts using simple and easily accessible chiral silver(I) and gold(I) complexes as catalysts for enantioselective synthesis of proline derivatives are reviewed. In this case, chiral phosphoramidites and binap have been used as privileged ligands. Parallel to these experimental results, considerable effort was dedicated to run semiempirical density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain and justify the stereoselectivity of each process.This work has been supported by the DGES of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (Consolider INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00006, FEDER-CTQ2007-62771/BQU, and by the Hispano-Brazilian project PHB2008-0037-PC), Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2009/039), and by the University of Alicante (GITE-09020-UA)

Circadian rhythms in Mexican blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus in the lab and in the field

Biological clocks have evolved as an adaptation to life on a rhythmic planet, synchronising physiological processes to the environmental light–dark cycle. Here we examine circadian clock function in Mexican blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus and its surface counterpart. In the lab, adult surface fish show robust circadian rhythms in per1, which are retained in cave populations, but with substantial alterations. These changes may be due to increased levels of light-inducible genes in cavefish, including clock repressor per2. From a molecular standpoint, cavefish appear as if they experience ‘constant light’ rather than perpetual darkness. Micos River samples show similar per1 oscillations to those in the lab. However, data from Chica Cave shows complete repression of clock function, while expression of several light-responsive genes is raised, including DNA repair genes. We propose that altered expression of light-inducible genes provides a selective advantage to cavefish at the expense of a damped circadian oscillator

Isoresponse Versus Isoinput Estimates of Cochlear Filter Tuning

The tuning of a linear filter may be inferred from the filter’s isoresponse (e.g., tuning curves) or isoinput (e.g., isolevel curves) characteristics. This paper provides a theoretical demonstration that for nonlinear filters with compressive response characteristics like those of the basilar membrane, isoresponse measures can suggest strikingly sharper tuning than isoinput measures. The practical significance of this phenomenon is demonstrated by inferring the 3-dB-down bandwidths (BW3dB) of human auditory filters at 500 and 4,000 Hz from behavioral isoresponse and isoinput measures obtained with sinusoidal and notched noise forward maskers. Inferred cochlear responses were compressive for the two types of maskers. Consistent with expectations, low-level BW3dB estimates obtained from isoresponse conditions were considerably narrower than those obtained from isolevel conditions: 69 vs. 174 Hz, respectively, at 500 Hz, and 280 vs. 464 Hz, respectively, at 4,000 Hz. Furthermore, isoresponse BW3dB decreased with increasing level while corresponding isolevel estimates remained approximately constant at 500 Hz or increased slightly at 4 kHz. It is suggested that comparisons between isoresponse supra-threshold human tuning and threshold animal neural tuning should be made with caution

Vav proteins maintain epithelial traits in breast cancer cells using miR-200c-dependent and independent mechanisms

The bidirectional regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT) is key in tumorigenesis. Rho GTPases regulate this process via canonical pathways that impinge on the stability of cell-to-cell contacts, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell invasiveness. Here, we report that the Rho GTPase activators Vav2 and Vav3 utilize a new Rac1-dependent and miR-200c-dependent mechanism that maintains the epithelial state by limiting the abundance of the Zeb2 transcriptional repressor in breast cancer cells. In parallel, Vav proteins engage a mir-200c-independent expression prometastatic program that maintains epithelial cell traits only under 3D culture conditions. Consistent with this, the depletion of endogenous Vav proteins triggers mesenchymal features in epithelioid breast cancer cells. Conversely, the ectopic expression of an active version of Vav2 promotes mesenchymal-epithelial transitions using E-cadherin-dependent and independent mechanisms depending on the mesenchymal breast cancer cell line used. In silico analyses suggest that the negative Vav anti-EMT pathway is operative in luminal breast tumors. Gene signatures from the Vav-associated proepithelial and prometastatic programs have prognostic value in breast cancer patients.Fil: Lorenzo Martín, L. Francisco. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Citterio, Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Menacho Márquez, Mauricio Ariel. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario; Argentina. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Conde, Javier. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Larive, Romain M.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Institut Des Biomolécules Max Mousseron; FranciaFil: Rodríguez Fdez, Sonia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: García Escudero, Ramón. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Robles Valero, Javier. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Centro de Investigación del Cáncer; España. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Cuadrado, Myriam. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer de Salamanca; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Fernández Pisonero, Isabel. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Dosil, Mercedes. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Sevilla, María A.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Montero, María J.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Fernández Salguero, Pedro. Universidad de Extremadura; EspañaFil: Paramio, Jesús M.. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas; EspañaFil: Bustelo, Xosé R.. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Españ