VALUE OF CORAPE PLANT AS FAMINE FOOD IN DARFUR STATE, SUDAN

Darfur state of Sudan faces famine at different times, thus necessitating a search for improved coping strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the value of Corape ( Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum ) plant as a food crop during famine periods in Darfur state in Sudan. Atotal of 132 respondents purposely selected from Alfashir, the capital of north Darfur were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Also, key informants and focus group discussions with local leaders of the area were engaged in data collection. A total of 82.6% attested the existence of the Corape plant in Darfur; while 49.2% confirmed its significance as a famine crop in Darfur. Corape seed is used to prepare different types of meals and its seed stores for 15 - 20 years. Corape vegetation is also used as animal fodder, which according to 28% of the respondents can be stored for 6 to 12 months without significant deterioration in quality. This study concluded that the Corape plant has a good potential as food and fodder plant and can contribute significantly to household food security and livelihoods of local communities, if the problems of storage and pests were tackled.L\u2019\uc9tat du Darfour au Soudan est confront\ue9 \ue0 la famine \ue0 diff\ue9rents moments, ce qui n\ue9cessite la recherche de strat\ue9gies d\u2019adaptation am\ue9lior\ue9es. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer la valeur de la plante chiendent patte-poule (Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum) en tant que culture vivri\ue8re pendant les p\ue9riodes de famine dans l\u2019\uc9tat du Darfour au Soudan. Au total, 132 r\ue9pondants s\ue9lectionn\ue9s \ue0 dessein \ue0 Alfashir, la capitale du nord du Darfour ont \ue9t\ue9 interrog\ue9s \ue0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un questionnaire semi-structur\ue9. En outre, des informateurs cl\ue9s et des discussions de groupe avec des dirigeants locaux de la r\ue9gion ont \ue9t\ue9 engag\ue9s dans la collecte de donn\ue9es. Au total, 82,6% ont attest\ue9 l\u2019existence de la plante de chiendent patte-poule au Darfour ; tandis que 49,2% ont confirm\ue9 son importance en tant que culture de famine au Darfour. La graine de chiendent patte-poule est utilis\ue9e pour pr\ue9parer diff\ue9rents types de repas et ses r\ue9serves de graines pendant 15 \ue0 20 ans. La v\ue9g\ue9tation de chiendent patte-poule est \ue9galement utilis\ue9e comme fourrage pour animaux et 28% des r\ue9pondants ont confirm\ue9 que la vegetation de chiendent patte-poule peut \ueatre stock\ue9e pendant 6 \ue0 12 mois sans d\ue9t\ue9rioration significative de la qualit\ue9. Cette \ue9tude a conclu que la plante de chiendent patte-poule a un bon potentiel en tant que plante vivri\ue8re et fourrag\ue8re et peut contribuer de mani\ue8re significative \ue0 la s\ue9curit\ue9 alimentaire des m\ue9nages et aux moyens de subsistance des communaut\ue9s locales, si les probl\ue8mes de stockage et de ravageurs \ue9taient r\ue9solus

Plant growth-promoting microorganisms as biocontrol agents of plant diseases: Mechanisms, challenges and future perspectives

Plant diseases and pests are risk factors that threaten global food security. Excessive chemical pesticide applications are commonly used to reduce the effects of plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens. A major concern, as we strive toward more sustainable agriculture, is to increase crop yields for the increasing population. Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) have proved their efficacy to be a green strategy to manage plant diseases, stimulate plant growth and performance, and increase yield. Besides their role in growth enhancement, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria/fungi (PGPR/PGPF) could suppress plant diseases by producing inhibitory chemicals and inducing immune responses in plants against phytopathogens. As biofertilizers and biopesticides, PGPR and PGPF are considered as feasible, attractive economic approach for sustainable agriculture; thus, resulting in a “win-win” situation. Several PGPR and PGPF strains have been identified as effective BCAs under environmentally controlled conditions. In general, any MBCA must overcome certain challenges before it can be registered or widely utilized to control diseases/pests. Successful MBCAs offer a practical solution to improve greenhouse crop performance with reduced fertilizer inputs and chemical pesticide applications. This current review aims to fill the gap in the current knowledge of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), provide attention about the scientific basis for policy development, and recommend further research related to the applications of PGPM used for commercial purposes

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2•72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2•66–2•79) in 2000 to 2•31 (2•17–2•46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134•5 million (131•5–137•8) in 2000 to a peak of 139•6 million (133•0–146•9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135•3 million (127•2–144•1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2•1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27•1% (95% UI 26•4–27•8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67•2 years (95% UI 66•8–67•6) in 2000 to 73•5 years (72•8–74•3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50•7 million (49•5–51•9) in 2000 to 56•5 million (53•7–59•2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9•6 million (9•1–10•3) in 2000 to 5•0 million (4•3–6•0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25•7%, from 6•2 billion (6•0–6•3) in 2000 to 7•7 billion (7•5–8•0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58•6 years (56•1–60•8) in 2000 to 63•5 years (60•8–66•1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation: Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990�2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk�outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk�outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk�outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95 uncertainty interval UI 9·51�12·1) deaths (19·2% 16·9�21·3 of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12�9·31) deaths (15·4% 14·6�16·2 of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253�350) DALYs (11·6% 10·3�13·1 of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0�9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10�24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25�49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50�74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Association of VEGFA, factor V and prothrombin gene polymorphisms with early pregnancy loss

Background: Many studies conducted to assess the associations between the gene polymorphisms of factor V, prothrombin, and vascular endothelial growth factor gene A and recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL) have shown conflicting findings. The aim of the study: We designed this study and selected the most common polymorphisms that have been analyzed before, VEGFA −2578C/A (rs699947), VEGFA 936C/T (rs3025039), FVL G1691A (rs6025), and prothrombin FII G20210A (rs1799963) to be the candidate genetic polymorphisms for analysis of their association with idiopathic early pregnancy loss in Russian women. Materials and methods: 100 women with idiopathic early pregnancy loss were enrolled and classified into two subgroups: sporadic early pregnancy loss (SEPL), consisting of 50 women, and recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL), consisting of 50 women. The control group included 56 women with full-term babies. Genotyping was performed using commercially available kits (Syntol, Russia) for Real time-PCR method. Genotype and allele distributions in studied groups were compared using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The tests and calculation of Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted employing the statistical software SPSS, version 22. Results: The heterozygous genotype (CA) for VEGFA rs699947 was significantly associated with REPL. Findings have shown that women carrying the heterozygous genotype had a higher REPL risk (OR 9.04, 95% CI 4.33-18.7). No significant associations with SEPL or REPL were found for the other studied polymorphisms. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that heterozygosity for VEGFA rs699947 gene polymorphism may play a role in predisposition to idiopathic early pregnancy loss and can be a genetic risk factor for recurrent early miscarriage in Russian women. © 2020 Research Result. Theoretical and Applied Linguistics. All rights reserved

Встречаемость у женщин русской национальности некоторых генных полиморфизмов, ассоциированных с ранними репродуктивными потерями

Background. A variety of biological processes regulated by differential gene expression are required to maintain a normal gestation and accordingly, the mutations and polymorphisms in such genes may cause miscellaneous biological disorders that eventually result in early pregnancy loss. Many studies reported that aberrant fetal DNA methylation as well as embryonic chromosome abnormalities may lead to impairment of fetal early growth and development. Therefore, we have aimed to genotype several gene polymorphisms might be involved in the above-mentioned biological disorders to screen their prevalence in Russian population. Materials and methods. 81 Russian women without previous history of normal pregnancy or early abortion were recruited into this population study to determine the genotype and allele frequencies through genotyping using RFLP-PCR method for DNMT3B rs2424913, DNMT3B rs1569686, DNMT3A rs7590760, DNMT1 rs2228611, DNMT1 rs8101626, DNMT3L rs2276248, and DNMT3L rs2070565, allele-specific PCR for SYCP3 T657C, and real-time PCR for MTHFR rs1801133, MTHFR rs1801131, MTR rs1805087, and MTRR rs1801394. Results. Minor homozygous genotypes and minor alleles of the polymorphisms DNMT3B rs2424913 (TT: 11.1%, T: 37.05%), DNMT1 rs2228611 (GG: 18.5%, G: 40.75%), and DNMT1 rs8101626 (GG: 16.0%, G: 40.1%) were quite prevalent in Russian women and as frequent as those of the well-studied polymorphisms: MTRR rs1801394 (GG: 27.2%, G: 50.65%), MTHFR rs1801131 (CC: 17.3%, C: 40.15%), and MTHFR rs1801133 (TT: 11.1%, T: 29.0%).The heterozygous genotype of SYCP3 T657C (CT: 12.3%, T: 6.15%) was also quite frequent. Conclusion. Based on our study and literature data, we suggest that DNMT3B rs2424913, DNMT1 rs2228611, DNMT1 rs8101626, and SYCP3 T657C polymorphisms along with the common folate cycle gene polymorphisms can be potential genetic predictors for early pregnancy loss in Russian women.Актуальность. Разнообразные биологические процессы, регулируемые дифференциальной экспрессией генов, необходимы для нормального протекания беременности, и, соответственно, мутации и полиморфизмы в таких генах могут вызывать различные нарушения, приводящие, в конечном итоге, к преждевременной потере беременности. Во многих исследованиях сообщалось, что изменения в метилировании ДНК и хромосомные мутации могут привести к аномалиям развития плода. В этой связи представленное исследование было направлено на изучение распространенности в русской популяции ряда генных полиморфизмов, которые могут быть вовлечены в развитие указанных нарушений. Материал и методы. В исследовании принимали участие женщины русской национальности без беременности в анамнезе ( n = 81). Генотипирование выполнялось методами ПЦР с последующей рестрикцией ДНК (DNMT3B rs2424913, DNMT3B rs1569686, DNMT3A rs7590760, DNMT1 rs2228611, DNMT1 rs8101626, DNMT3L rs2276248, DNMT3L rs2070565), аллель-специфичной ПЦР (SYCP3 T657C) и ПЦР в режиме реального времени (MTHFR rs1801133, MTHFR rs1801131, MTR rs1805087, MTRR rs1801394). Результаты. Минорные гомозиготные генотипы и минорные аллели по полиморфизмам DNMT3B rs2424913 (TT 11,1%, T 37,05%), DNMT1 rs2228611 (GG 18,5%, G 40,75%) и DNMT1 rs8101626 (GG 16,0%, G 40,1%) встречаются у женщин русской национальности достаточно широко, и их частота сравнима с таковой по хорошо изученным полиморфизмам MTRR rs1801394 (GG 27,2%, G 50,65%), MTHFR rs1801131 (CC 17,3%, C 40,15%) и MTHFR rs1801133 (TT11,1%, T 29,0%). Распространен также и гетерозиготный генотип по полиморфизму SYCP3 T657C (CT 12,3%, T 6,15%). Заключение. Результаты проведенных нами исследований и анализ литературных данных позволяют полагать, что генные полиморфизмы DNMT3B rs2424913, DNMT1 rs2228611, DNMT1 rs8101626 и SYCP3 T657C, наряду с хорошо изученными полиморфизмами генов фолатного цикла, могут быть использованы в качестве генетических предикторов ранних репродуктивных потерь у женщин русской национальности

Ассоциация полиморфизма Т657С гена SYCP3 с потерей беременности на ранних сроках у женщин русской национальности

Background. Aneuploidy is a consequence of the chromosome nondisjunction. Majority of aneuploid embryos die in utero between the 6th and 10th week, resulting in early pregnancy loss of approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies. SYCP3 plays an important role in pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I, and it has been shown that the lack of this gene leads to sterility in male and subfertility in female mice due to chromosome nondisjunction. So SYCP3 is a candidate gene to evaluate the hypothesis of fetal aneuploidy arisen from meiosis gene mutations as a cause for human early pregnancy loss. Methods. In our study, the SYCP3 T657C polymorphism in 100 Russian women with early pregnancy loss (EPL) that were classified into 2 subgroups: with sporadic pregnancy loss (SPL, n=50) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL, n=50), as well as 56 normal fertile women (control), was examined to determine whether there is an association between the polymorphism and early pregnancy loss in Russian population. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using the standard procedure of a commercially available kit. Genotyping of SYCP3 gene was determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 22. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare genotype and allele frequencies between analyzed groups. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for risk estimation. Results. Frequency of the heterozygous genotype (CT) was significantly higher in the group of women with early pregnancy loss as well as in women with sporadic pregnancy loss (p<0.05). In women with RPL, we found that the frequency of this genotype tended to increase but could not make a significant difference when compared with the control group. Conclusion. Our findings postulate that the T657C polymorphism of the SYCP3 gene is possibly associated with a sporadic early pregnancy loss.Актуальность. Анеуплоидия возникает вследствие нарушения расхождения хромосом, и большинство анеуплоидных эмбрионов погибают до 10 недели гестации, что приводит к потере на ранних сроках приблизительно 15% клинически диагностированных беременностей. Белок SYCP3 играет важную роль в конъюгации и рекомбинации гомологичных хромосом в первом мейотическом делении. Было показано, что отсутствие гена данного белка у мышей приводит к стерильности самцов и снижению фертильности самок вследствие нарушения расхождения хромосом. В этой связи SYCP3 можно рассматривать в качестве кандидатного гена для оценки гипотезы о фетальной анеуплоидии, возникающей в результате мутаций генов, продукты которых участвуют в мейозе, и ведущей к ранним репродуктивным потерям. Методы. В представленной работе был исследован полиморфизм Т657С гена SYCP3 у 100 женщин русской национальности с ранними репродуктивными потерями, подразделенных на две подгруппы: со спорадической потерей беременности (n=50) и привычным невынашиванием (n=50), а также у 56 фертильных женщин (контроль). Целью работы явилось изучение наличия ассоциации между данным полиморфизмом и ранними репродуктивными потерями в русской популяции. Геномная ДНК была выделена из периферической крови, генотипирование выполнялось с использованием аллель-специфической полимеразной цепной реакции. Для сравнения частот генов и генотипов в изучаемых группах применялись критерий Хи-квадрат и точный тест Фишера, для определения которых использовалось программное обеспечение SPSS Statistics, версия 22. Оно также было использовано для расчета отношения шансов (OR) и 95% доверительного интервала. Результаты. Частота гетерозиготного генотипа СТ была достоверно выше в группе женщин с ранними репродуктивными потерями и, в частности, в подгруппе со спорадической потерей беременности (р<0,05). Несмотря на тенденцию к увеличению частоты данного генотипа у женщин с привычным невынашиванием, статистически значимых отличий от контроля обнаружено не было. Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют предполагать наличие ассоциации между полиморфизмом Т657С гена SYCP3 и спорадической потерей беременности на ранних сроках

DNMT1 and DNMT3A Gene Polymorphisms and Early Pregnancy Loss

Abstract: DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A and DMNT1 are required for de novo and maintenance methyltransferase activities that catalyze the establishment of methylation patterns during embryogenesis and gametogenesis. Inactivation of their genes may cause embryonic lethality. We conducted a case-control study to explore the association between DNMT3A rs7590760, DNMT1 rs2228611, and DNMT1 rs8101626 polymorphisms and early pregnancy loss susceptibility in Russian women. 100 women with early pregnancy loss (EPL) were involved and divided into two subgroups consisting of 50 women: sporadic pregnancy loss (SPL) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The control group included 56 women with full term pregnancies. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP methods. GG genotype and allele G of DNMT1 rs2228611 were significantly associated with EPL and RPL, and GG genotype of DNMT1rs8101626 with EPL, SPL and RPL. Our findings have shown that women carrying GG genotype of DNMT1 rs2228611 had a higher risk of EPL and RPL (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.44–6.23; OR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.92–8.09 respectively) as well as that carrying GG genotype of DNMT1 rs8101626 are at higher risk of EPL and RPL (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.2– 5.76). Conclusion: our results suggest that DNMT1 rs2228611 and DNMT1 rs8101626 gene polymorphisms are associated with early pregnancy loss and can be a genetic risk factor for recurrent pregnancy loss. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Inc