A Comparative study of secondary school students’ performance in English and Social Studies in Junior Secondary Schools in Osun State, Nigeria

The study sought to ascertain the relationship between the performance of students in English language and Social Studies.  This was with a view of ensuring better performance in the two subjects.  The study employed the survey research design.  The population for the study consisted of all the Junior Senior Secondary School Students in Osun State, Nigeria. Stratified sampling technique was employed in selecting 800 students that were purposively selected in five local governments in Osun State using school types i.e. public and private schools, school locations i.e. rural and urban and gender i.e. male and female as stratum.  Two instruments were used to collect data for the study. They are: English Achievement Test (EAT) and Social Studies Achievement Test (SSAT).  The reliability of the instruments yielded 0.74 and 0.86 respectively using Cronbach alpha.  The instruments were analyzed using descriptive and t-test statistics.   The results showed that there is a significant difference in students’ performance in English and Social Studies (t=13.809, P<0.05).  Also, there is a significant difference in the performance in English and Social Studies across the 10 schools. (English X = 25.36, SD= 10.699; Social Studies X = 32.21, SD= 9.969).  However, other variables in the study were found not to be significant.  It is therefore recommended among others that there should be consistent training and retraining of teachers for functional educational system in Nigeria.  Opportunities should be given to teachers for professional training on their subject disciplines, teaching techniques and organizational techniques which could be achieved through workshops, seminars, internet browsing and extensive reading for personal development. Keywords: students’ performance, English Language, Social Studies

Psycho-Socio Variables as Correlates of Junior Secondary School Students’ Self Efficacy in Social Studies in Southwestern, Nigeria

The study sought to establish the level of relationship between students’ self-efficacy in Social Studies and eight predictor variables (State, school location, school type, parent education, number of sibling per parent, family income and gender), it equally determined the combined contributions of the eight predictor variables to Social Studies self-efficacy and determined the individual contribution of each of the eight predictor variables to Social Studies self-efficacy. This was with a view of determining students’ future ability in Social Studies.  The study is a descriptive research of the correlational type.  The population for the study comprises of all Junior Secondary School Students in Southwestern, Nigeria.  The sample consisted of 600 JSS 3 students drawn from six geographical zones in Southwestern, Nigeria using stratified sampling technique. An instrument titled “Social Studies Self-Efficacy Scale” (SSSES) was used to collect data.  Three research questions were raised and answered.  Multiple Regression Analysis was employed in analyzing the results.  The results showed that all the identified eight psycho-socio variables with the exemption of state, have no significant relationship with students’ self-efficacy in Social Studies.  Based on the above findings, the study recommended that teachers should design evaluation model that will encourage better performance in learners in order to bring about their self-efficacy. Keywords: psycho-socio variables, students’ self-efficacy, Social Studie

Relationship between Life Satisfaction, Social Interest and Participation in Extra Curricula Activities among Undergraduates in a Nigeria University

The study determined the level of life satisfaction social interest and participation in extracurricular activities among the undergraduate students of University of Lagos It also examined relationship between life satisfaction and social interest and investigated deregulatory effect of life satisfaction and social interest in participation of extracurricular activities This is with a view to ensuring that students relate well with one another The study employed the survey research design The population of the study consisted of all undergraduate students of University of Lagos However 200 undergraduate students were purposively selected in the Faculty of Education and Faculty of Social Sciences using stratified sampling techniques An instrument titled Questionnaire of Life Satisfaction Social Interest and Participation in Extra Curricular Activities among Undergraduates Students was developed to elicit information from the respondents Four research questions and two research hypotheses were generated and answered Data were analyzed using simple percentage multiple regression Spearman correlation and chi-square statistics Among others the results showed a significant relationship between the students level of life satisfaction and their respective levels of participation in extracurricular activities 2 19 99 p 0 05 The results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between the students levels of social interest and their respective levels of participation in extracurricular activities 2 2 13 p 0 05 The results concluded that family friends relationships were particularly strong among undergraduate students because they demonstrated high level of life satisfactio

Transformation after Early Ecclesiastical Architecture in Nigeria (1845-1980)

Transformation in ecclesiastical architecture had always been noticed from its evolution as each epoch tried to express its own time. This study examined the characteristic factors that led to the transformations from the early period of ecclesiastical architecture in Nigeria to the second phase of its development. The study area was Lagos because it was the cradle of ecclesiastical architecture in Nigeria and its nature being one of the metropolitan cities in the world encouraged the spread of Christianity which is adjudged to be an urban phenomenon. Since the study was explorative and historic in nature, qualitative research methods were adopted. The findings showed that early Churches in Nigeria were established by foreign missionaries and the administration and construction of their church buildings including financing and supply of labour with materials depended largely on foreign input. The second phase witnessed indigenization of the foreign established Churches and the establishment of African Independent and Pentecostal ones. The patronage of local input in terms of labour force and supply of materials was becoming obvious

Fatigue Analysis of Steel Jacket Platform in Shallow Water Depth in the Gulf of Guinea

This work investigates the fatigue life of a steel jacket installed at a water depth of 22m in the Gulf of Guinea, both deterministic and spectral analysis was done using the Bentley SACS software. Wave data was collected every 3 hours for seven years resulting in 20440 sea states. The analysis was carried out using industry codes and standards for critical inspectable and non-inspectable members. The result of the analysis was obtained for 50 modal shapes, and the mass participation factors show the highest vibration at the mode shape of 2. The fatigue life of the joint was determined for a life of 50 years and applying the factor of safety of 5; the spectral analysis shows that none of the members investigated to meet the fatigue life of 250 years. However, the deterministic analysis shows some members that meet the fatigue life of 250 years. The analysis was also conducted for the piles both above and below the mud line, and the spectral and deterministic analysis show that the piles meet a fatigue life of 500 years using a factor of safety of 10. It was concluded and recommended that the joints on the jacket that do not meet the fatigue life should be rewelded and inspected for structural integrity. Also, the result shows that the spectral analysis is more detailed than the deterministic analysis. Keywords: jacket, fatigue analysis, Gulf of Guinea, SACS, spectral analysis, deterministic analysis, fatigue damage. DOI: 10.7176/ISDE/11-3-01 Publication date: April 30th 202

Oral amelanotic malignant melanoma: a rare entity with diagnostic challenge

Primary malignant melanomas of the mucosal areas of the head and neck are very rare tumors and they account for less than 1% of all melanomas. A 61-year-old male was referred to our clinic for the management of a palatal lesion that had been diagnosed from the referral center, as a malignant myoepithelial tumor. Intraoral  examination revealed a large variegated, lobulated palatal swelling, which covered the hard and soft palate. A re-biopsy at our center revealed sheets, bundles, and occasional fascicles of atypical elongated epithelioid and spindle shaped cells, exhibiting vesicular and enlarged nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The nucleoli appeared to be ‘cherry red’ in color. Melanin pigment was however not identified in any of the cells, hence the suspicion of an amelanotic melanoma. Immunohistochemical staining was strongly positive for HMB45, S100 and vimentin. Hence we report a case of intra-oral amelanotic  elanoma, which based on the English literature and to the best of our knowledge, is the first case report from West Africa. Key words: oral, amelanotic, malignant melanoma, Running heade

Characteristics of Early Ecclesiastical Architecture in Lagos State in Nigeria

Considering the fact that the period between 1854 and 1929AD has been identified as the first phase of emergence and development of ecclesiastical architecture in Nigeria, this, therefore, became the earliest period and this study examined the characteristics of the church buildings during this period. Among the churches that were built during this period, five were significantly prominent and still exist. This study examined two because those buildings shared similar characteristics. As the study was an explorative one and historical in nature it adopted qualitative method of non-participant observation, historical and unstructured interview methods of gathering data using descriptive method of analysis. This study found that Churches were dominated by foreign established missions as indigenous ones were yet to evolve. Gothic style dominated the period characterised by its usual strong focus on verticality, pointed arches, rib vaults, flying buttresses, large stained glass windows, ornaments and pinnacles. Construction works and financing relied heavily on foreign input. It also noted that construction materials were imported and the church buildings were more of foreign monuments rather than industrial or make-shift. Nigerian cultural, geographical, geological, climatic, existing religious and social factors were not major considerations. The study concluded that the characteristics of the early church buildings were significantly at variance with the current trends

Concurrent Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia and Osteogenic Sarcoma: Report of Two Cases

Aim. Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) represents a rare group of benign fibroosseous disorders, while osteogenic sarcoma (OS) on the hand, is a malignant tumour of ominous prognosis. A combination of COD and OS is rare and sparsely reported in literature. There are only four reported cases known to the authors. The aim of this paper is to report additional cases of COD occurring concurrently with OS. Materials and Methods. The clinicoradiologic findings and histological analysis of mandibular lesions in two patients who reported at the Dental Centre of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, are presented. Results. The two patients were diagnosed of mandible osteosarcoma occurring concurrently with bilateral mandibular focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Conclusion. The simultaneous occurrence of osteosarcoma and cemento-osseous dysplasia raises the question of whether COD has transformed into OS or a collision tumour has occurred and their simultaneous occurrence is just a coincidence

Biodegradation of Wastes using Partially Purified Cellulose-Enzyme from Gut of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae from Rafia Palms in Itokin, Lagos State, Nigeria

Conversion of urban wastes to utilizable sugars is very important as a vital step towards reduction of environmental pollution. Consequently, this work was aimed at obtaining cellulase from the gut of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae from raffia palms in Itokin, Lagos State, Nigeria to evaluate its degradability potential on different plant leaves and selected plastic bottles. Cellulase from Oryctes rhinoceros larvae was partially purified by a combination of precipitation with ammonium sulphate and fractionation with gel filtration on Biogel P- 100. The cellulase degradability potential was examined on tree leaves from cashew, banana, maize, lemon, cassava, pawpaw, mango, almond and palm respectively, while the plastics were from bottles of teem,pepsi, eva, mirinda, cascade, still, coke, devana and nestle respectively. Data obtained show that the enzyme- cellulase has a specific activity of 2.38 Unit/mg with 32% yield with higher degradability potential on samples from plant origin than the materials from industrial wastes

Dental anxiety among patients visiting a University Dental Centre

Objective: Fearful individuals often avoid care despite extensive dental needs and anxious patients feel more pain and of longer duration than less anxious patients. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with dental anxiety among patients visiting a University Dental Centre in Nigeria. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous structured questionnaire randomly administered to patients attending the University College Hospital Dental Centre, Ibadan. The questionnaire requested for socio-demographic data, dental visit behaviour, history of traumatic dental treatment and level of apprehension when anticipating a visit to the dentist and physician. The level of dental anxiety was determined using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). An MDAS score of 19 and above indicated high dental anxiety. Upon examination, DMFT of each patient was determined. Result: A total of 471 respondents of which 262 (55.6%) were females participated in the study. Only 7.43% of the participants had MDAS score ≥19. About 10% of the females had high dental anxiety compared with 4.94% recorded for the males (p=0.01). Dental anxiety was more common among the younger age group, irregular oral health care seekers and among those with history of traumatic dental treatment. The respondents were more relaxed when anticipating a visit to a physician. Only gender could be used to predict high dental anxiety. Female gender significantly displayed high dental anxiety (odd ratio=3.05 and p=0.04) . The mean DMFT score for the patients was 2.48±3.30. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anxiety among the respondents in this study was 7.43% and only gender could be used to predict dental anxiety