Polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands : reappraisal and update

Although relatively rare, polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is likely the second most common malignancy of the minor salivary glands (MiSG). The diagnosis is mainly based on an incisional biopsy. The optimal treatment comprises wide surgical excision, often with adjuvant radiotherapy. In general, PAC has a good prognosis. Previously, PAC was referred to as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA), but the new WHO classification of salivary gland tumours has also included under the PAC subheading, the so-called cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CAMSG). This approach raised controversy, predominantly because of possible differences in clinical behaviour. For example, PLGA (PAC, classical variant) only rarely metastasizes, whereas CAMSG often shows metastases to the neck lymph nodes. Given the controversy, this review reappraises the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, genetics, treatment modalities, and prognosis of PAC of the salivary glands with a particular focus on contrasting differences with CAMSG.Peer reviewe

Perfil dos familiares cuidadores de usuários de centros de atenção psicossocial do sul do Brasil Perfil de los familiares cuidadores de los usuarios de los centros de atención psicosocial en el sur de Brasil Profile of family caregivers of users of psychosocial care centers of southern Brazil

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil dos familiares de usuários dos centros de atenção psicossocial (CAPS) da região sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de corte transversal, com abordagem descritiva, vinculado à Pesquisa "Avaliação dos CAPS da Região Sul do Brasil (CAPSUL)", a coleta de dados foi realizada no período de maio a junho de 2006. Foram 936 familiares de usuários dos CAPS, que responderam a um questionário estruturado. Foi construído um banco de dados no programa Epi-info 6.04, e a análise estatística foi realizada no Software Stata 7. Evidenciou-se que os familiares cuidadores são predominantemente mulheres com média de idade de 49,2 anos, com baixa escolaridade, casadas, sem atividade remunerada e que cuidam sozinhas do familiar com transtornos mentais. Estes resultados remetem a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações pelos serviços de saúde com o intuito de incluir estes familiares no foco de cuidado da equipe multiprofissional.<br>Tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil de los familiares de los usuarios de los centros de atención psicosocial (CAPS) en el sur de Brasil. Es un estudio transversal y descriptivo, vinculado a la investigación "Evaluación de los CAPS en la región sur de Brasil (CAPSUL)", la recopilación de datos ocurrió entre mayo y junio de 2006. Fueron 936 familiares de los usuarios del CAPS, que respondieron a un cuestionario estructurado. Se construyó un banco de datos en Epi-info 6.04 y el análisis estadístico se realizó en Stata 7. Los familiares cuidadores son en su mayoría mujeres, con una edad media de 49,2 años, con bajo nivel educativo, casadas, sin un trabajo remunerado y quienes cuidan solas a su familiar con trastornos mentales. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de desarrollar acciones en los servicios de salud que incluyan a los familiares como foco de la atención del equipo multidisciplinario.<br>This study aimed to describe the profile of the families of users of psychosocial care centers (CAPS) in southern Brazil. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study, with a descriptive approach. It is connected to the research "Evaluation of CAPS in southern Brazil (CAPSUL)". Data collection was conducted from May to June, 2006. 936 families of CAPS users answered a structured questionnaire. A database in the computer program Epi-info 6.04 was built, and statistical analysis was performed through Software Stata 7. It was evident that family caregivers are predominantly women averaging 49.2 years of age, with low education, married, without a paid job and taking care by themselves of the family member with mental disorders. These results underscore the need for health services to develop actions in order to include these families in the focus of care of the multiprofessional patient care tea

Multibeam sonar backscatter data processing

Multibeam sonar systems now routinely record seafloor backscatter data, which are processed into backscatter mosaics and angular responses, both of which can assist in identifying seafloor types and morphology. Those data products are obtained from the multibeam sonar raw data files through a sequence of data processing stages that follows a basic plan, but the implementation of which varies greatly between sonar systems and software. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of this backscatter data processing chain, with a focus on the variability in the possible implementation of each processing stage. Our objective for undertaking this task is twofold: (1) to provide an overview of backscatter data processing for the consideration of the general user and (2) to provide suggestions to multibeam sonar manufacturers, software providers and the operators of these systems and software for eventually reducing the lack of control, uncertainty and variability associated with current data processing implementations and the resulting backscatter data products. One such suggestion is the adoption of a nomenclature for increasingly refined levels of processing, akin to the nomenclature adopted for satellite remote-sensing data deliverables