A novel case of human visceral leishmaniasis from the urban area of the city of Rio de Janeiro: autochthonous or imported from Spain ?

Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, 10ª Enfermaria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle. Serviço de Anatomia Patológica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

The evolution of diabetic chronic complications after pancreas transplantation

Pancreas transplantation is an invasive procedure that can restore and maintain normoglycemic level very successfully and for a prolonged period in DM1 patients. The procedure elevates the morbimortality rates in the first few months following the surgery if compared to kidney transplants with living donors, but it offers a better quality of life to patients

Effect of venlafaxine on bone loss associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in Wistar rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study investigated the effects of venlafaxine, an antidepressant drug with immunoregulatory properties on the inflammatory response and bone loss associated with experimental periodontal disease (EPD).</p> <p>Materials and Methods</p> <p>Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the second upper left molar. The treated groups received orally venlafaxine (10 or 50 mg/kg) one hour before the experimental periodontal disease induction and daily for 10 days. Vehicle-treated experimental periodontal disease and a sham-operated (SO) controls were included. Bone loss was analyzed morphometrically and histopathological analysis was based on cell influx, alveolar bone, and cementum integrity. Lipid peroxidation quantification and immunohistochemistry to TNF-α and iNOS were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Experimental periodontal disease rats showed an intense bone loss compared to SO ones (SO = 1.61 ± 1.36; EPD = 4.47 ± 1.98 mm, p < 0.001) and evidenced increased cellular infiltration and immunoreactivity for TNF-α and iNOS. Venlafaxine treatment while at low dose (10 mg/kg) afforded no significant protection against bone loss (3.25 ± 1.26 mm), a high dose (50 mg/kg) caused significantly enhanced bone loss (6.81 ± 3.31 mm, p < 0.05). Venlafaxine effectively decreased the lipid peroxidation but showed no significant change in TNF-α or iNOS immunoreactivity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The increased bone loss associated with high dose venlafaxine may possibly be a result of synaptic inhibition of serotonin uptake.</p

The Genetic Structure of Leishmania infantum Populations in Brazil and Its Possible Association with the Transmission Cycle of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Leishmania infantum is the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas, Mediterranean basin and West and Central Asia. Although the geographic structure of L. infantum populations from the Old World have been described, few studies have addressed the population structure of this parasite in the Neotropical region. We employed 14 microsatellites to analyze the population structure of the L. infantum strains isolated from humans and dogs from most of the Brazilian states endemic for VL and from Paraguay. The results indicate a low genetic diversity, high inbreeding estimates and a depletion of heterozygotes, which together indicate a predominantly clonal breeding system, but signs of sexual events are also present. Three populations were identified from the clustering analysis, and they were well supported by F statistics inferences and partially corroborated by distance-based. POP1 (111 strains) was observed in all but one endemic area. POP2 (31 strains) is also well-dispersed, but it was the predominant population in Mato Grosso (MT). POP3 (31 strains) was less dispersed, and it was observed primarily in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Strains originated from an outbreak of canine VL in Southern Brazil were grouped in POP1 with those from Paraguay, which corroborates the hypothesis of dispersal from Northeastern Argentina and Paraguay. The distribution of VL in MS seems to follow the west-east construction of the Bolivia-Brazil pipeline from Corumbá municipality. This may have resulted in a strong association of POP3 and Lutzomyia cruzi, which is the main VL vector in Corumbá, and a dispersion of this population in this region that was shaped by human interference. This vector also occurs in MT and may influence the structure of POP2. This paper presents significant advances in the understanding of the population structure of L. infantum in Brazil and its association with eco-epidemiological aspects of VL