Characterizations on microencapsulated sunflower oil as self-healing agent using In situ polymerization method

This paper emphasizes the characterization on the microencapsulation of sunflower oil as self-healing agent. In-situ polymerization method mainly implicates in the microencapsulation process. The analysis of microencapsulated sunflower oil via prominent characterization of yield of microcapsules, microcapsules characteristics and Fourier Transmission Infa-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The prime optimization used was reaction time of microencapsulation process in the ranges of 2, 3 and 4 h. The higher reaction time of microencapsulation process resulted in a higher yield of microcapsules. The yield of microcapsules increases from 46 to 53% respectively by the increasing of reaction time from 2 to 4 h. The surface morphology study associating the diameter of microcapsules measured to analyse the prepared microcapsules. It was indicated that microcapsules were round in shape with smooth micro-surfaces. It was discovered that the diameter of microcapsules during microencapsulation process after 4 h reaction time was in average of 70.53 μm. This size was measured before filtering the microcapsules with solvent and dried in vacuum oven. Apparently, after filtering and drying stage, the diameter of microcapsules specifically identified under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showing the size of 2.33 μm may be due to the removing the suspended oil surrounded the microcapsules. Sunflower oil as core content and urea formaldehyde (UF) as shell of microcapsules demonstrated the proven chemical properties on characterization by FTIR with the stretching peak of 1537.99 - 1538.90 cm-1 (-H in -CH2), 1235.49 - 1238.77 cm-1 (C-O-C Vibrations at Ester) and 1017.65 - 1034.11 cm-1 (C-OH Stretching Vibrations). It was showed that sunflower oil can be considered as an alternative nature resource for self-healing agent in microencapsulation process. The characterization of microencapsulated sunflower oil using in-situ polymerization method showed that sunflower oil was viable self-healing agent to be encapsulated and incorporated in metal coating

Extraction of biological hydroxyapatite from tuna fish bone for biomedical applications

Natural hydroxyapatite (HAp) is known for its common use in biomedical applications including in orthopaedic and implantation. HAp can be extracted from natural resources such as eggshells, fish bones and coral. Annually, it is found that huge amount of tuna fish bones was thrown away and being wasted as results from great consumption of tuna fish. In this study, tuna fish bones were extracted and characterised to be used in biomedical applications. Specifically, tuna fish bones were cleaned, and calcined at high temperature of 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C. Powders calcined at 700 °C showed pure HAp compared to powders calcined at 900 °C and 1100 °C which showed the presence of β-TCP. As temperature rising, the morphology of the powders also changes from spherical-shaped to irregular-shaped indicated the substitution of phosphate and calcium from the β-TCP which also influenced the ratio of Ca/P obtained. In this study, powders calcined at 700 °C obtained optimum Ca/P ratio of 1.60. Moreover, EDS analysis showed the presence of tracer elements such as Ca, Mg, Sr Na, K and Zn in all calcined samples. These elements can help improve the biocompatibility of the HAp and beneficial for biomedical applications

Extraction of biological hydroxyapatite from bovine bone for biomedical applications

Current biomedical field demands intensive research on cost-effective and high availability materials to fulfil its various applications. Owing to its similar characteristic to human bone, biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been used as an alternative in bone replacement and implantation. In this study, biological HAp was extracted from bovine bones via calcination. Powders calcined at 700 °C and 900 °C showed the presence of HAp. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis shows that the irregular morphology emerged and the size was increasing as the calcination temperature increased. By increasing the temperature of 1100 °C, β-TCP (beta-tricalcium phosphate) started to develop and influenced the ratio of Ca/P. At 900 °C, the Ca/P ratio obtained was 1.70, and closest to the theoretical ratio of Ca/P. The presence of trace elements like Ca, Mg, Sr Na, K and Zn in all samples are proved via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and these elements help to enhance the bioactivity hence make it a good alternative in biomedical applications

Notational analysis on tactical passing skills used by collegiate players in an indoor hockey masum tournament

The study aimed to determine the relationship of frequency for wall, diagonal and square passing with the performance for men and women team. Eighteen teams (man = 11; woman = 7) involved in this study. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between frequency of use wall pass, diagonal pass and square pass with team performance. Results of the study showed a significant relationship between the frequency of the use of passes to the achievement of the team in both categories. The significant value of wall pass, diagonal pass and square pass for men and women teams is (p < 0.05). Positive relationship indicated team that use more wall, diagonal and square passing was a successful team in tournament. The findings for this study could be used by trainers and individuals who involved in the player development and coaches education.Keywords: indoor hockey; passing skills; wall pass; diagonal pass; square pas

IMPACT OF THEILERIOSIS ON MILK IN NATURALLY INFECTED COWS AND BUFFALOES AT HYDERABAD

Study was conducted to investigate the consequences of Theileriosis in naturally infected cattle and buffaloes of urban and peri urban areas of Hyderabad. Chemical analysis of milk of infected cows and buffaloes revealed that protein, ash and lactose were significantly declined (P<0.05) whereas, fat and total solids were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Theileria infected cows and buffaloes, but pH and acidity was unaffected. Financial losses occur in terms of reduced quality and severely decreased quantity of milk and meat. The total financial loss including the mortality and decreased quantity of milk and meat was recorded of Rs. 0.17 million / animal in the current study. Theileriosis is one of the main causes of financial losses for livestock holders

A review of gelatin: properties, sources, process, applications, and commercialisation

This review begins with a discussion of the general properties of gelatin and its sources, particularly in the food and health industries, and then briefly address the status quo of gelatin in today’s market. Apart from the basic chemical compounds and gelatin types, this paper also discussed the commercialisation of gelatin. This study also highlights the production of conventional gelatin and its current method of processing, i.e. enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the variety of raw materials of collagen is outlined and briefly broached the plant hydrocolloids which have been labeled as ’veggie-gelatin’. With regard to the potential and market stability of gelatin, its recent studies are summarised in this paper. Accordingly, this paper focuses on assessing the general utilities of the various sources of collagen as gelatin derivatives. At that basis, the aim of this review is to provide an insight into gelatin in current applications, market value and progress in gelatin extraction

Recent advanced techniques in cysteine determination: a review

The utilization of cysteine in a wide variety of products especially bakery products has led to a huge concern of various groups of consumers especially those who restricted to religious-based dietary. It has become a major concern due to the raw materials are derived from arguable sources such as pig bristles and human hair. This review briefly elaborates cysteine as food additives with highlighted issues in halal perspective and toxicity in the food industry. This review also highlighted several analytical approaches used in direct determination of cysteine compound such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs), Raman spectroscopy, flow injection spectrophotometric, electrochemical biosensor and gold nanoparticles based calorimetric assa

Surface properties of alginate/chitosan biofilm for wound healing application

This work focuses on the fabrication of film based on natural iopolymers for wound healing application. Alginate and chitosan were choosen because of their oustanding properties such as biocompatible, hydrophilic and non-toxic. Earlier, the biopolymer film was fabricated by using alginate 1% wt and chitosan 1% wt. solutions at volume ratios of 99:1 and 97:3. Next, the biopolymer film solution was cross-linked with 1 M CaCl 2.2H2O for two hours and later dried for 24 hours at room temperature. Then, the surface properties of the prepared biopolymer films were characterised via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurement. It was observed that the surface of the biopolymer film became rougher as the volume of the chitosan increases. This condition was confirmed with average surface roughness, RA for biopolymer film with ratio of 97:3 resulted in higher values. Also, it was found that the surface of biopolymer films were hydrophilic after the contact angle was less than 90°. This can be concluded that the biopolymer based on alginate/chitosan is a promising candidate for wound healing materials particularly with good surface properties for faster healing process at the wound areas

Polymorphism of PXR gene associated with the increased risk of drug-induced liver injury in Indonesian pulmonary tuberculosis patients

What is known and objective: Tuberculosis is still a major infectious disease in Indonesia. Patients are treated mostly using fixed-dose combination treatment in primary public health facilities. The incidence of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) is approximately 10% among Indonesian tuberculosis patients who used standard fi xed combination regimens during the intensive phase of treatment. However, information regarding genetic polymorphism associated with the increase risk of drug-induced liver injury is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate pregnane X receptor (PXR) gene polymorphisms as one of the risk factors of AT-DILI. Methods:In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 106 adult patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and treated with category I FDC (fixed-dose combination). The identification of SNP -25385C>T (rs3814055) was conducted by ARMS (ampli-fi cation refractory mutation system). Hepatotoxicity was defined as ALT and/or AST levels above the normal threshold on the second, fourth and sixth months of monitoring during tubercu-losis treatment. Results and discussion: The logistic regression analysis showed that patients with the TT genotype of PXR gene (rs3814055) significantly had a greater risk of AT-DILI (OR 8 � 89; 95% CI 1� 36–57�93, P < 0�05), compared with those of wild-type CC genotype. What is new and conclusion: The result suggests that in Indonesian patients with tuberculosis, the risk of having AT-DILI was associated with TT genotype of the PXR gen