Espectrometria de infravermelho próximo na predição da textura de solos desenvolvidos de basalto.

A textura dos solos tem sido determinada através de métodos analíticos que muitas vezes são caros e lentos. Ademais, em solos muito argilosos, a dispersão química e mecânica nem sempre é eficiente em separar a fração silte da fração argila, superestimando o conteúdo de silte dos solos. O objetivo do trabalho foi testar a espectroscopia de reflectância de infravermelho próximo (NIRS) na avaliação da textura de solos de basalto. Foram coletadas 214 amostras de terra na região Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, nos municípios de Bela Vista do Paraíso e Londrina, em áreas com predominância de Latossolos, Nitossolos e Neossolos, classificados. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-20 cm e 60-80 cm. Foi realizada análise textural pela dispersão química e mecânica e em seguida as amostras foram escaneadas em um espectrômetro modelo FOSS NIRS SYSTENS XDS, na banda de reflectância entre 400 e 2500 nm. Os dados espectrais foram analisados e comparados aos resultados obtidos com o método da pipeta, através do software WinISI III v. 1.61e. Foi possível verificar que na camada 60-80 cm os teores de argila foram superiores aos da camada 0-20 cm, em função de pequenas translocações de argila verificadas nesses solos. Em relação à predição da textura pelo NIRS, não foi possível obter boa acurácia para nenhuma das frações granulométricas analisadas, uma vez que os coeficientes de correlação da calibração foram apenas 0,55; 0,55 e 0,53 para argila, silte e areia, respectivamente. Nesta situação o indicado seria testar novos métodos de análise de referência e novos tratamentos estatísticos para se ter um melhor indicativo do potencial de uso da técnica

eficiência de piraclostrobina como indutor de resistência em cana-de-açúcar a meloidoginose

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a eficiência da indução de resistência como nova alternativa no manejo integrado em cana-de-açúcar no estado de Pernambuco

A General Approach for Predicting the Filtration of Soft and Permeable Colloids: The Milk Example

Membrane filtration operations (ultra-, microfiltration) are now extensively used for concentrating or separating an ever-growing variety of colloidal dispersions. However, the phenomena that determine the efficiency of these operations are not yet fully understood. This is especially the case when dealing with colloids that are soft, deformable, and permeable. In this paper, we propose a methodology for building a model that is able to predict the performance (flux, concentration profiles) of the filtration of such objects in relation with the operating conditions. This is done by focusing on the case of milk filtration, all experiments being performed with dispersions of milk casein micelles, which are sort of ″natural″ colloidal microgels. Using this example, we develop the general idea that a filtration model can always be built for a given colloidal dispersion as long as this dispersion has been characterized in terms of osmotic pressure Π and hydraulic permeability k. For soft and permeable colloids, the major issue is that the permeability k cannot be assessed in a trivial way like in the case for hard-sphere colloids. To get around this difficulty, we follow two distinct approaches to actually measure k: a direct approach, involving osmotic stress experiments, and a reverse-calculation approach, that consists of estimating k through well-controlled filtration experiments. The resulting filtration model is then validated against experimental measurements obtained from combined milk filtration/SAXS experiments. We also give precise examples of how the model can be used, as well as a brief discussion on the possible universality of the approach presented here

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on 25 February 2020. We report and contextualize epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases during the first 3 months of the epidemic. By 31 May 2020, 514,200 COVID-19 cases, including 29,314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4,196 of 5,570) of municipalities across all five administrative regions of Brazil. The R0 value for Brazil was estimated at 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4–5.5), with a higher median but overlapping credible intervals compared with some other seriously affected countries. A positive association between higher per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. Furthermore, the severe acute respiratory infection cases with unknown aetiology were associated with lower per-capita income. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses was detected but at very low levels. These findings provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures to control virus transmission

Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings

Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ~30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015 and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. Using next generation sequencing we generated seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes, sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, estimated to have occurred between May-Dec 2013, more than 12 months prior to the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV endemic areas, and with reported outbreaks in Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology in the Americas of this emerging virus

Zika virus in the Americas: early epidemiological and genetic findings

International audienceBrazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ̃30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015 and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. Using next generation sequencing we generated seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes, sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, estimated to have occurred between May-Dec 2013, more than 12 months prior to the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV endemic areas, and with reported outbreaks in Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology in the Americas of this emerging virus

A produção acadêmica sobre a Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar: um olhar a partir da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações

National Regulatory Agency for Private Health Insurance and Plans (ANS) is the regulatory agency linked to Ministry of Health, which is responsible for health insurance in Brazil. Although it was established in 2000, there is already a considerable number of production studies about the Agency, it is relevant to know what these researches cover. This literature review article aimed at analyzing academic production about the ANS, found on Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. It is a qualitative research that uses the technique of thematic content analysis. All studies in that library that address the ANS were examined. For bibliographic material selection, selecting a specific period was not needed. Only theses and dissertations that included “National Regulatory Agency for Private Health Insurance and Plans” expression in any of the search fields available were analyzed. It was possible to identify the main existing issues covered by these academic productions: economic regulation, political and legal aspects of regulation and health-related characteristics of regulation; similarities and differences of understanding such regulatory institution were also discussed. We concluded that the identified issues don’t exclude each other, on the contrary, they are complementary and indicate the different facets of the institution. Furthermore, analysis of academic production unearthed differences of understanding regarding the Agency, sometimes seen as conciliation proceedings, sometimes considered as a bureaucratic and slow institution, but also seen as an institution that encourages promotion practices to health, disease prevention and improved health quality.A Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) é a agência reguladora vinculada ao Ministério da Saúde, e responsável pelo setor de planos de saúde no Brasil. Embora tenha sido criada no ano de 2000, já existe considerável produção de estudos sobre a Agência, sendo pertinente conhecer o que abordam essas pesquisas. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo de revisão bibliográfica buscou analisar a produção acadêmica sobre a ANS existente na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que utiliza a técnica análise de conteúdo temática. Todos os estudos presentes na Biblioteca que abordem a ANS foram examinados. Para a seleção do material bibliográfico não foi realizado recorte temporal. Foram incluídas as teses e dissertações que apresentaram a expressão “Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar” em quaisquer dos campos de busca disponíveis. Foi possível identificar os principais temas existentes nestas produções acadêmicas: aspectos econômicos da regulação, aspectos político-jurídicos da regulação e aspectos relacionados à saúde da regulação; também foram discutidas as semelhanças e as diferenças de compreensão em relação à referida instituição reguladora. Concluiu-se que os temas identificados não se excluem, ao contrário, são complementares, indicando as diferentes facetas da instituição estudada. Além disso, a análise da produção acadêmica permitiu revelar diferenças de compreensão em relação à Agência, ora vista como instância de conciliação, ora considerada órgão burocrático e lento, e também como instituição que incentiva práticas de promoção à saúde e prevenção de doenças e melhoria da qualidade em saúde