Substation system simulation models for transformer risk assessment analysis

This paper comprises a study which is carried out to investigate and evaluate the effect of lightning stresses on the 132 kV substation in the way to improve its reliability in the event of active lightning activities. The paper also detailed the modelling parameters of substation for this transient analysis in order to evaluate the performance and to recommend such configuration to optimize its design to be not only to withstand the stresses but to be more cost effective. The modelling and simulation are carried out using one of the most powerful power system simulations tools that is PSCAD-EMTDC and the substation layout design is adapted from 132/11 kV Simpang Renggam -- Ayer Hitam substation, courtesy of TNB. The model is based on single phase line model as it was suggested by the IEEE to be adequate to represent the substation in transient analysis simulation. The outcome of this paper would be the results of lightning stresses in term of voltage level measured at particular points in substation. The results are then compared with the suggested BIL for assessment of transformer failure

An Empirical Study of the Debt Maturity Structure of Malaysia Firms

This study examines the empirical determinants of corporate debt maturity structure for the data set of 788 non-financial firms in Malaysia and employs a Panel Data method of Pooled Estimated Generalized Least-Squares (EGLS) with Autoregressive (AR1) for all the regression tests. The models in this study incorporate factors representing the theories of agency cost, signaling, tax considerations and matching principle. The findings of the general test reveal that the agency cost theory provides mixed results where growth proxy is not significant but the proxy of size is significant to determine the debt maturity structure. The proxies of firm quality, financial strength and liquidity have significant effects to support the signaling theory. In addition, the proxies of tax and asset maturity have no evidence to support the tax theory and matching principle respectively. The findings of test across seven industry groups document that the results are varied, except for liquidity which has significant effects on all industries. This study also discovers that Shariah-compliance has negative and significant effects. In the robustness test, the findings produce mixed results where the proxies of signaling theory in particular present contradictory results. Lastly, this study generally finds strong evidence that the larger the firm size, the longer the maturity of debt

PROPERTIES AND UTILIZATION OF JATROPHA CURCAS OIL FOR FORMATION DAMAGE CONTROL

This report basically discusses the preliminary research done and basic understanding of the chosen topic, which is Properties and Utilization of Jatropha Curcas Oil for formation Damage Control. Jatropha seed is the seed from the jatropha trees. The seeds from this tree will be used as a research product. Jatropha trees canbe easily plant at the khalatulistiwa area. The trees are very easy to plant and its have very strong physical properties. The oil from jatropha seeds can be produced by two ways: mechanical pressing and chemical extraction. In general there two types of products from jatropha oil: as cosmetic and biodiesel. For biodiesel, there are a lot of researches on producing the biodiesel Then, this research basically is about to expand the used of thejatropha oil as a part of drilling fluid in the oil and gas industry. The oil will be used as an oil base mud for drilling. Nowadays the type of oil that used as an oil base mud in drilling is diesel and palm oil and of course these two types of oil are very high demand in the market. Formation damage is an undesirable operational that frequently happened during drilling activities. The damage of the formation will reduce the permeability and the porosity ofthe core to transfer the crude oil from wellbore to the well. The damage may cause by several factors including chemical, physical, biological and thermal interactions of formation and fluids, and deformation of formation under stress and fluid shear. For the physical mechanism of formation damage clay swelling, fines migration, solid invasion and geochemical transformation will be the major factor of formation damage. For the chemical part the type ofmud will bea major cause ofthis phenomena. Then, it is important for the mud engineer to determine the right composition ofthe mud that used as a drilling fluid. The objective of the project is to determine the properties of the jatropha curcas fruit in order to apply it to substitute the surfactant that used nowadays in the reservoir by determine the rheology of the mud using the drilling lab equipment such as mud balance to determine the density of the mud and the viscometer to determine the other important parameter like Yield Point and Plastic Viscosity. The standard for all this parameter will refer to the API standard. The research will also investigate the reduction of formation damage by this mud using FDS-800-10000 equipment at UTP drilling lab. The parameter that involve in this activities will be the change of the permeability and porosity ofthe core. The condition oftemperature and the pressure will be set equally as in the reservoir before the experiment being applied. The hypothesis for this research is theoil can beused aspart ofthe oilbase mud in during drilling activities

Bacterial degradation of caffeine: a review

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is an important naturally occurring, commercially purine alkaloid which can be degraded by bacteria. It is a stimulant central nervous system and also has negative withdrawal effects and is present in different varieties of plants such as coffee plant, tea leaves, colanut, cocoa beans and other plant. It is also present in soft drinks and is being used extensively in human consumption and has in addition some therapeutic uses but in minimal amount. Evidence has proved the harmful effects of caffeine thus opening a path in the field of caffeine biodegradation. Biodegradation by bacteria is considered to be the most efficient technique in degrading caffeine within the environment. Even though there are available methods for the removal of caffeine using conventional methods such as water, supercritical and solvent decaffeination but they are lack of accuracy/specificity for the removal of caffeine and in addition to the existing caffeine which sometime remains. Microbial degradation of caffeine provides a safe and cheaper alternative compared to chemical and physical methods. Microbial candidates for caffeine biodegradation are actively being isolated globally. Caffeine degradation can occur in both aerobically and an-aerobically depending on the contaminants. Organisms such as Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Aspergillus, Serratia, Penicillium, Klebsiella, Stemphylium, Rhizopus, Rhodococcus, Brevibacterium, Bacillus sp., and Phanerochaete strains have been reported to have the ability to degrade caffeine

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Procedure for Ventilated Intensive Care Patient in the International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Centre: Issues and Challenges

Managing a ventilated patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) procedure requires precise planning. Vigilant anesthetist with adequate MRI compatible monitoring of a critically ill patient and in preparation of any crisis event during transport to MRI suite, during MRI and return journey to ICU is essential. Problems in transporting ICU patient are usually equipment related, deterioration in gas exchange and increased rate of ventilator associated pneumonia. Preparation includes clinical reassessment for swift and systematic transport, airway management, optimum sedation and record keeping close to the patient. This is a case report of a 64 year-old gentleman who presented to International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Centre with right sided headache for one week associated with high intracranial pressure symptoms. His initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 15/15 and Computed Tomography (CT) scan of his brain showed bilateral acute-on-chronic subdural haemorrhage, uncal herniation and minimal midline shift. His GCS dropped to 6/15 (E1V1M4) in the ward and proceeded with right craniectomy, evacuation of clot and duraplasty. Post operatively, his GCS improved to 15/15 in ICU and was extubated. On Day 2 post extubation, his GCS dropped to 6/15 (E1V1M4) and intubation was performed. Repeat CT Brain in ICU showed no evidence of new bleeding or mass effect. MRI was performed and it showed acute infarctions at right pons and right occipital region. Tracheostomy was done and the patient was sent to the general ward on fixed performance mask

Development of Customized Distribution Automation System (DAS) for Secure Fault Isolation in Low Voltage Distribution System

A Customized SCADA based RTU for service substation and customer service substation is developed by using the open loop concept for the distribution networks. Currently, the SCADA system in the low distribution system implemented by TNB only focuses on alarm monitoring. SSO has to operate the control functions at the HMI side. The operator needs to analyze the situation and to make appropriate actions. A Customized SCADA is built to provide automatic fault isolation for low distribution system. In this chapter, the proposed methodology is summarized with the experimental results and conclusion based on the results is also highlighted

Customized Fault Management System for Low Voltage (LV) Distribution Automation System

Supply disruption such as overloading will cause interruptions of electricity supply to customers. the technicians have to manually locate the fault point and this tedious work may last for extended periods of time. The other reasons are the lack of use of efficient tools for operational planning and advanced methodology for quick detection of fault, isolation of the faulty section and service restoration. Currently, fault detection, isolation and service restoration takes a long time causing the interruption of supply for s longer duration

Openness to experience - a moderator between social commerce success factors and customer satisfaction relationship: facebook brand page platform / Ariff Md. Ab. Malik, Hanitahaiza Hairuddin and Nurfaznim Shuib.

Nowadays, the role of social media in marketing strategies is undeniable. Facebook brand page is one of the platforms used by the marketers to promote their products. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the Openness to Experience personality moderates the relationship between Information System Success (ISS) factors and customer satisfaction using a sample of 354 customers from three different Facebook brand pages. The result found that the Openness to Experience personality effect the relationship between ISS factors and customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, the Information Quality is the most important factor that influences the customer satisfaction towards social media applications

A simple method for quantification of interferon- &alfa;2b through surface plasmon resonance technique

A rapid and efficient immunoassay method for quantification of interferon-2b using surface plasmon resonance was developed with BIAcore 3000 as a sensor. Two different levels of anti-interferon monoclonal antibody were immobilized onto a CM5 chip using an amine coupling method. Similarbinding ratio was observed for both the ligand densities. There was no steric hindrance and loss of antibody activity even at higher ligand density (> 22,000 RU). The sensitivity of the assay was increased up to 45% with the increment in ligand density from 15,400 to 22,360 RU. The binding betweeninterferon-2b and anti-interferon monoclonal antibody was predominantly controlled by mass transfer rate and the relationship was found linear, ranged from 5 to 400 ng/mL. Total cycle time per analysis was less than 8 min and required only 5 L of sample injection

PROPERTIES AND UTILIZATION OF JATROPHA CURCAS OIL FOR FORMATION DAMAGE CONTROL

This report basically discusses the preliminary research done and basic understanding of the chosen topic, which is Properties and Utilization of Jatropha Curcas Oil for formation Damage Control. Jatropha seed is the seed from the jatropha trees. The seeds from this tree will be used as a research product. Jatropha trees canbe easily plant at the khalatulistiwa area. The trees are very easy to plant and its have very strong physical properties. The oil from jatropha seeds can be produced by two ways: mechanical pressing and chemical extraction. In general there two types of products from jatropha oil: as cosmetic and biodiesel. For biodiesel, there are a lot of researches on producing the biodiesel Then, this research basically is about to expand the used of thejatropha oil as a part of drilling fluid in the oil and gas industry. The oil will be used as an oil base mud for drilling. Nowadays the type of oil that used as an oil base mud in drilling is diesel and palm oil and of course these two types of oil are very high demand in the market. Formation damage is an undesirable operational that frequently happened during drilling activities. The damage of the formation will reduce the permeability and the porosity ofthe core to transfer the crude oil from wellbore to the well. The damage may cause by several factors including chemical, physical, biological and thermal interactions of formation and fluids, and deformation of formation under stress and fluid shear. For the physical mechanism of formation damage clay swelling, fines migration, solid invasion and geochemical transformation will be the major factor of formation damage. For the chemical part the type ofmud will bea major cause ofthis phenomena. Then, it is important for the mud engineer to determine the right composition ofthe mud that used as a drilling fluid. The objective of the project is to determine the properties of the jatropha curcas fruit in order to apply it to substitute the surfactant that used nowadays in the reservoir by determine the rheology of the mud using the drilling lab equipment such as mud balance to determine the density of the mud and the viscometer to determine the other important parameter like Yield Point and Plastic Viscosity. The standard for all this parameter will refer to the API standard. The research will also investigate the reduction of formation damage by this mud using FDS-800-10000 equipment at UTP drilling lab. The parameter that involve in this activities will be the change of the permeability and porosity ofthe core. The condition oftemperature and the pressure will be set equally as in the reservoir before the experiment being applied. The hypothesis for this research is theoil can beused aspart ofthe oilbase mud in during drilling activities