Modulation of Sn concentration in ZnO nanorod array: intensification on the conductivity and humidity sensing properties

Tin (Sn)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (TZO) were synthesized onto aluminum-doped ZnO-coated glass substrate via a facile sonicated sol–gel immersion method for humidity sensor applications. These nanorod arrays were grown at different Sn concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 3 at.%. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the deposited TZO arrays exhibited a wurtzite structure. The stress/strain condition of the ZnO film metamorphosed from tensile strain/compressive stress to compressive strain/tensile stress when the Sn concentrations increased. Results indicated that 1 at.% Sn doping of TZO, which has the lowest tensile stress of 0.14 GPa, generated the highest conductivity of 1.31 S cm− 1. In addition, 1 at.% Sn doping of TZO possessed superior sensitivity to a humidity of 3.36. These results revealed that the optimum performance of a humidity-sensing device can be obtained mainly by controlling the amount of extrinsic element in a ZnO film

Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy for mammary and extra-mammary Paget's disease: a state of the science review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Paget's disease is a rare skin disorder occurring in the breast (mammary) or in the groin, genital, peri-anal and axillary regions (extra-mammary). Typical treatment involves surgical excision, which in the case of extra-mammary Paget's disease, can lead to significant morbidity. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) which uses a topical or intravenous photosensitizing agent that is activated by a light source to ablate abnormal tissue, offers a minimally invasive alternative. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of Paget's disease.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Following Cochrane guidelines, a comprehensive systematic review of all clinical studies and reports examining the use of PDT for mammary and extra-mammary Paget's disease was conducted. Study quality was assessed using the Oxford Levels of Evidence Scale.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>21 retrospective and 2 prospective non-comparative studies were identified and included in the review: 9 case reports with 1-2 patients and 14 case series with 1-16 patients. These reports totalled 99 patients with 133 extra-mammary Paget's lesions and 3 patients (with 3 lesions) with mammary Paget's disease. Follow-up periods were typically one year or less, with 77/133 extra-mammary lesions exhibiting complete response to PDT. One recurrent mammary skin lesion and two mammary lesions treated concomitantly with surgery also exhibited complete responses.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Evidence of the effectiveness of PDT for Paget's disease is promising, but limited. This may, in part, be explained by the rarity of the condition, making controlled comparative clinical trials challenging.</p

Kepemimpinan Pendidikan di Tengah Kompleksitas Perubahan

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh perubahan zaman yang terus berkembang, manusia selalu berinovasi melakukan perubahan-perubahan agar hidupnya lebih praktis dan efektif. Perubahan dunia terjadi begitu cepat ditandai dengan terjadinya revolusi industry 4.0. ditandai dengan otomatisasi dan digitalisasi memberi konsekuensi bagi pengelola organisasi tidak terkecuali pada pengelolaan organisasi pendidikan dituntuk untuk menyelaraskan semua kerangka sendi dan kerangka kerja sesuai kebutuhan. Untuk merespon perubahan tersebut mau tidak mau kita harus berubah baik dalam kepemimpinan maupun dalam sistem Pendidikan. Penelitian ini  menggunakan  metode  penelitian  kualitatif  berdasarkan  kajian  literatur  atau  riset  kepustakaan. Hasil penilitian ini mengatakan bahwa cara pemimpin mengelola perubahan ditengah kompleksitas perubahan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan dan gaya dalam memimpin suatu organisasi membutuhkan adaptasi. Saat ini, kepemimpinan kolaboratif dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi perubahan yang cepat