Author Correction:CRISPR-based transcriptional activation tool for silent genes in filamentous fungi (Scientific Reports, (2021), 11, 1, (1118), 10.1038/s41598-020-80864-3)

The Supplementary Information published with this Article contained errors. In Note S2, the text formatting including green italics, red bold, yellow underline, purple text and blue underline was omitted. The original Supplementary Information file is provided below. These errors have now been corrected in the Supplementary Information file that accompanies the original Article

Value of urinary N-methylhistamine measurements m childhood mastocytosis

Background: Histamine is an indicator of mast cell activation. N- methylhistamine (NMH) is a metabolite of histamine that can be measured in urine. Objective: Our purpose was to assess the usefulness of determining urinary NMH levels for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with mastocytosis. Methods: Urinary NMH levels were determined in 44 patients and were correlated with disease activity and extension. The control group consisted of 24 children without mastocytosis or any other skin disease. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between NMH and age in patients with active mastocytosis and in the control group. Adjusted for age, NMH values were significantly higher in patients with active mastocytosis. There was a significant difference in NMH values between patients with diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis, patients with active urticaria pigmentosa, and patients with active mastocytomas. However, there was a substantial overlap of NMH values in the different subgroups. Conclusion: Urinary NMH values tend to decrease with age. Urinary NMH values correlated with the extent and the activity of the disease. High NMH values suggest more extensive involvement

Structure Functions of Unstable Lithium Isotopes

We study both the spin-average and spin-dependent structure functions of the lithium isotopes, $^{6-11}$Li, which could be measured at RIKEN and other nuclear facilities in the future. It is found that the light-cone momentum distribution of the valence neutron in the halo of $^{11}$Li is very sharp and symmetric around y = 1, because of the weak binding. The EMC ratios for Li isotopes are then calculated. We study the possibility of extracting the neutron structure function from data for the nuclear structure functions of the Li isotopes. Next we calculate the spin-dependent structure functions of $^{7,9,11}$Li isotopes, which have spin of 3/2. The effect of the nuclear binding and Fermi motion on the multipole spin structure function, $^{3/2}_{~1}g_1$, is about 10% in the region x < 0.7, but it becomes quite important at large x. The spin structure function of $^{3/2}_{~3}g_1$ is also investigated. Finally, we discuss the modification of the Gottfried and Bjorken integrals in a nuclear medium and point out several candidates for a pair of mirror nuclei to study the flavor-nonsinglet quark distributions in nuclei.Comment: 23 pages + 7 tables + 15 figure

Optically opaque color-flavor locked phase inside compact stars

The contribution of thermally excited electron-positron pairs to the bulk properties of the color-flavor locked quark phase inside compact stars is examined. The presence of these pairs causes the photon mean free path to be much smaller than a typical core radius ($R_0 \simeq 1$ km) for all temperatures above 25 keV so that the photon contribution to the thermal conductivity is much smaller than that of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We also find that the electrons and positrons dominate the electrical conductivity, while their contributions to the total thermal energy is negligible.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures. Published versio

Neutron/Proton Structure Function Ratio at Large x

We re-examine the large-x neutron/proton structure function ratio extracted from the latest deuteron data, taking into account the most recent developments in the treatment of Fermi motion, binding and nucleon off-shell effects in the deuteron. Our findings suggest that as x->1 the ratio of the neutron to proton structure functions (F_2^n/F_2^p) is consistent with the perturbative QCD expectation of 3/7, but larger than the value of 1/4 obtained in earlier analyses.Comment: 18 pages RevTeX, 4 postscript figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

Deep Inelastic Scattering from off-Shell Nucleons

We derive the general structure of the hadronic tensor required to describe deep-inelastic scattering from an off-shell nucleon within a covariant formalism. Of the large number of possible off-shell structure functions we find that only three contribute in the Bjorken limit. In our approach the usual ambiguities encountered when discussing problems related to off-shellness in deep-inelastic scattering are not present. The formulation therefore provides a clear framework within which one can discuss the various approximations and assumptions which have been used in earlier work. As examples, we investigate scattering from the deuteron, nuclear matter and dressed nucleons. The results of the full calculation are compared with those where various aspects of the off-shell structure are neglected, as well as with those of the convolution model.Comment: 36 pages RevTeX, 9 figures (available upon request), ADP-93-210/T128, PSI-PR-93-13, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Neurofibromatosis type 2 protein co-localizes with elements of the cytoskeleton

The product of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene is a 595-amino-acid protein bearing resemblance to a family of band-4.1-related proteins. These proteins, including ezrin, radixin, and moesin, probably function as molecular linking proteins, connecting the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. On the grounds of the homology to the ezrin, radixin, and moesin proteins and on the basis of its predicted secondary structure, the NF2 protein is also thought to act as a cytoskeleton-cell membrane linking protein. Using monoclonal antibodies to amino- and carboxyl-terminal synthetic NF2 peptides we demonstrate the co-localization of the NF2 protein with elements of the cytoskeleton in a COS cell model system and in cultured human cells. Furthermore, the presence of the NF2 protein in tissue sections is shown. The monoclonal antibodies specifically stain smooth muscle cells and the stratum granulosum of the human epidermis. In cultured smooth muscle cells the NF2 protein co-localizes with actin stress fibers. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates the presence of the NF2 protein associated with keratohyalin granules and to a lesser extent with intermediate filaments in the human epidermis. We conclude that the NF2 protein is indeed associated with multiple elements of the cytoskeleton.</p

Neurofibromatosis type 2 protein co-localizes with elements of the cytoskeleton

The product of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene is a 595-amino-acid protein bearing resemblance to a family of band-4.1-related proteins. These proteins, including ezrin, radixin, and moesin, probably function as molecular linking proteins, connecting the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. On the grounds of the homology to the ezrin, radixin, and moesin proteins and on the basis of its predicted secondary structure, the NF2 protein is also thought to act as a cytoskeleton-cell membrane linking protein. Using monoclonal antibodies to amino- and carboxyl-terminal synthetic NF2 peptides we demonstrate the co-localization of the NF2 protein with elements of the cytoskeleton in a COS cell model system and in cultured human cells. Furthermore, the presence of the NF2 protein in tissue sections is shown. The monoclonal antibodies specifically stain smooth muscle cells and the stratum granulosum of the human epidermis. In cultured smooth muscle cells the NF2 protein co-localizes with actin stress fibers. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates the presence of the NF2 protein associated with keratohyalin granules and to a lesser extent with intermediate filaments in the human epidermis. We conclude that the NF2 protein is indeed associated with multiple elements of the cytoskeleton.</p

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) in a child from consanguineous parents: a dominant or recessive disease?

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is characterized by autoimmune features and lymphoproliferations and is generally caused by defective Fas-mediated apoptosis. This report describes a child with clinical features of ALPS without detectable Fas expression on freshly isolated blood leukocytes. Detection of FAS transcripts via real-time quantitative PCR made a severe transcriptional defect unlikely. Sequencing of the FAS gene revealed a 20-nucleotide duplication in the last exon affecting the cytoplasmic signaling domain. The patient was homozygous for this mutation, whereas the consanguineous parents and the siblings were heterozygous. The patient reported here is a human homologue of the Fas-null mouse, inasmuch as she carries an autosomal homozygous mutation in the FAS gene and she shows the severe and accelerated ALPS phenotype. The heterozygous family members did not have the ALPS phenotype, indicating that the disease-causing FAS mutation in this family is autosomal recessive

Hamiltonian approach to the ac Josephson effect in superconducting-normal hybrid systems

The ac Josephson effect in hybrid systems of a normal mesoscopic conductor coupled to two superconducting (S) leads is investigated theoretically. A general formula of the ac components of time-dependent current is derived which is valid for arbitrary interactions in the normal region. We apply this formula to analyze a S-normal-S system where the normal region is a noninteracting single level quantum dot. We report the physical behavior of time-averaged nonequilibrium distribution of electrons in the quantum dot, the formation of Andreev bound states, and ac components of the time-dependent current. The distribution is found to exhibit a population inversion; and all Andreev bound states between the superconducting gap $\Delta$ carry the same amount of current and in the same flow direction. The ac components of time-dependent current show strong oscillatory behavior in marked contrast to the subharmonic gap structure of the average current.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, LaTe