Reaction of 3, 3-dimethyl-and 3-spirocyclohexyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines with alkynes

It has been found that 2, 3, 3-trimethyl-1-phenyl- and 1, 2-dimethyl-3-spirocyclohexyltetrahydro-isoquinolines react with activated alkynes in methanol with cleavage of the tetrahydropyridine ring to give methoxybenzyl- and methoxyethylbenzenes, and in boiling acetonitrile form N-butenoyl derivatives from N-methylspirocylohexyltetrahydroisoquinoline by its reaction with acetylacetylene. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Reaction of 3, 3-dimethyl-and 3-spirocyclohexyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines with alkynes

It has been found that 2, 3, 3-trimethyl-1-phenyl- and 1, 2-dimethyl-3-spirocyclohexyltetrahydro-isoquinolines react with activated alkynes in methanol with cleavage of the tetrahydropyridine ring to give methoxybenzyl- and methoxyethylbenzenes, and in boiling acetonitrile form N-butenoyl derivatives from N-methylspirocylohexyltetrahydroisoquinoline by its reaction with acetylacetylene. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

ОЦЕНКА АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ДЕТЕЙ, ПОСТОЯННО ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В ВОРОНЕЖСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ

One of the indicators characterizing the normal state of the body is its physical development. In modern conditions, in a number of cases, deviations of physical development from standards are observed depending on the influence of environmental factors, nutrition, social status, and region of residence. Assessment of physical development plays a fundamental role in early diagnosis and identification of individuals with a predisposition to various nosological forms. The article reflects the results of complex anthropometry using the generally accepted classification of somatotypes.Одним из показателей, характеризующих нормальное состояние организма, является его физическое развитие. В современных условиях наблюдаются в ряде случаев отклонения физического развития от стандартов в зависимости от влияния факторов окружающей среды, питания, социального статуса, региона проживания. Оценка физического развития играет основополагающую роль в ранней диагностике и выявлению лиц с предрасположенностью к различным нозологическим формам. В статье отражены результаты комплексной антропометрии с использованием общепринятой классификации соматотипов

КОНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕВУШЕК В ВОЗРАСТЕ 18-20 ЛЕТ

A significant increase in attention to anthropological research is associated with the demand for practical medicine in the expansion of modern anthropological knowledge. The aim of the work was to determine the content of fat and muscle components of the body, depending on the constitutional affiliation in girls of 18-20 years of age. The method of complex anthropometry determined the constitutional affiliation of 150 girls, representatives of the Slavic ethnic group, residents of Moscow. Four groups of the studied somatotypes were identified: leptosomal, mesosomal, megalosomal, and indeterminate groups. Data on the absolute and percentage content of fat and muscle mass depending on the type of constitution, materials on the individual variability of the severity of these signs were obtained. The data can be used as standards in the analysis of the physical development of girls, which is important for a personalized approach in preventive and clinical medicine.Существенное повышение внимания к антропологическим исследованиям связано с востребованностью практической медицины в расширении современных антропологических знаний. Целью работы явилось определение содержания жирового и мышечного компонентов тела в зависимости от конституциональной принадлежности у девушек 18-20-летнего возраста. Методом комплексной антропометрии определили конституциональную принадлежность 150 девушек, представительниц славянского этноса, жительниц г. Москвы. Определены четыре группы исследуемых соматотипов: лептосомная, мезосомная, мегалосомная, неопределенная группа. Получены данные об абсолютном и процентном содержании жировой и мышечной масс в зависимости от типа конституции, материалы об индивидуальной изменчивости выраженности этих признаков. Данные могут быть использованы в качестве нормативов при анализе физического развития девушек, что важно для персонифицированного подхода в профилактической и клинической медицине

Mammaglobin in peripheral blood & tumor in breast cancer patients

Currently, no molecular biological markers do exist for early diagnosis of breast cancer. One of the possible candidates for the marker of early breast cancer is mammaglobin (MGB1) or SCGB2A2 (secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2), characterized by the maximal expression level in early breast cancer. Using the RT-PCR method MGB1 mRNA expression was examined in 57 tumor tissue samples and 57 samples of morphologically non-malignant tissue (MNT) of breast cancer (BC) patients. Specificity and sensitivity of the MGB1 mRNA assay in peripheral blood of BC patients was evaluated by nested PCR. 169 blood samples (from 95 BC patients, 22 from patients with benign breast tumors, 28 from patients with tumors of other localizations, and 24 samples from healthy donors) have been analyzed. MGB1 expression was significantly higher in BC tissue samples compared to MNT (p=0.0019). The maximal expression level was in the samples T1 (p=0.013), stage I BC (p=0.037), GI (p=0.0019). The MGB1 expression positively correlated with expression of estrogen (p = 0,034) and progesterone (p=0.0004) receptors. Sensitivity and specificity of the MGB1 mRNA assay in peripheral blood were 60.6% and 92.3%, respectively. Expression of MGB1 was higher in BC than MNT and it decreased during BC progression. The sensitivity and specificity of the MGB1 mRNA assay may be used as an additional diagnostic method

Mammaglobin in peripheral blood and the tumor of breast cancer patients

Currently, no molecular biological markers do exist for early diagnosis of breast cancer. One of the possible candidates for the marker of early breast cancer is mammaglobin (MGB1) or SCGB2A2 (secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2), characterized by the maximal expression level in early breast cancer. Using the RT-PCR method MGB1 mRNA expression was examined in 57 tumor tissue samples and 57 samples of morphologically non-malignant tissue (MNT) of breast cancer (BC) patients. Specificity and sensitivity of the MGB1 mRNA assay in peripheral blood of BC patients was evaluated by nested PCR. 169 blood samples (from 95 BC patients, 22 from patients with benign breast tumors, 28 from patients with tumors of other localizations, and 24 samples from healthy donors) have been analyzed. MGB1 expression was significantly higher in BC tissue samples compared to MNT (p = 0.0019). The maximal expression level was in the samples T1 (p = 0.013), stage I BC (p = 0.037), GI (p = 0.0019). MGB1 expression positively correlated with expression of estrogen (p = 0.034) and progesterone (p = 0.0004) receptors. Sensitivity and specificity of the MGB1 mRNA assay in peripheral blood were 60.6 and 92.3%, respectively. Expression of MGB1 was higher in BC than MNT and it decreased during BC progression. The sensitivity and specificity of the MGB1 mRNA assay may be used as an additional diagnostic method. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Mammaglobin in peripheral blood and the tumor of breast cancer patients

Currently, no molecular biological markers do exist for early diagnosis of breast cancer. One of the possible candidates for the marker of early breast cancer is mammaglobin (MGB1) or SCGB2A2 (secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2), characterized by the maximal expression level in early breast cancer. Using the RT-PCR method MGB1 mRNA expression was examined in 57 tumor tissue samples and 57 samples of morphologically non-malignant tissue (MNT) of breast cancer (BC) patients. Specificity and sensitivity of the MGB1 mRNA assay in peripheral blood of BC patients was evaluated by nested PCR. 169 blood samples (from 95 BC patients, 22 from patients with benign breast tumors, 28 from patients with tumors of other localizations, and 24 samples from healthy donors) have been analyzed. MGB1 expression was significantly higher in BC tissue samples compared to MNT (p = 0.0019). The maximal expression level was in the samples T1 (p = 0.013), stage I BC (p = 0.037), GI (p = 0.0019). MGB1 expression positively correlated with expression of estrogen (p = 0.034) and progesterone (p = 0.0004) receptors. Sensitivity and specificity of the MGB1 mRNA assay in peripheral blood were 60.6 and 92.3%, respectively. Expression of MGB1 was higher in BC than MNT and it decreased during BC progression. The sensitivity and specificity of the MGB1 mRNA assay may be used as an additional diagnostic method. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Mammaglobin in peripheral blood & tumor in breast cancer patients

Currently, no molecular biological markers do exist for early diagnosis of breast cancer. One of the possible candidates for the marker of early breast cancer is mammaglobin (MGB1) or SCGB2A2 (secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2), characterized by the maximal expression level in early breast cancer. Using the RT-PCR method MGB1 mRNA expression was examined in 57 tumor tissue samples and 57 samples of morphologically non-malignant tissue (MNT) of breast cancer (BC) patients. Specificity and sensitivity of the MGB1 mRNA assay in peripheral blood of BC patients was evaluated by nested PCR. 169 blood samples (from 95 BC patients, 22 from patients with benign breast tumors, 28 from patients with tumors of other localizations, and 24 samples from healthy donors) have been analyzed. MGB1 expression was significantly higher in BC tissue samples compared to MNT (p=0.0019). The maximal expression level was in the samples T1 (p=0.013), stage I BC (p=0.037), GI (p=0.0019). The MGB1 expression positively correlated with expression of estrogen (p = 0,034) and progesterone (p=0.0004) receptors. Sensitivity and specificity of the MGB1 mRNA assay in peripheral blood were 60.6% and 92.3%, respectively. Expression of MGB1 was higher in BC than MNT and it decreased during BC progression. The sensitivity and specificity of the MGB1 mRNA assay may be used as an additional diagnostic method

Linguistic Means in Conflict Resolution

Konflikti ir neizbēgami un tie ir dabīgs rezultāts cilvēku mijiedarbībā. Kad divi vai vairāku cilvēku intereses, vērtības vai ticība atšķiras, var rasties konflikts, bet tikpat bieži konflikti var rasties pārpratumu dēļ. Neatkarīgi no tā, kāpēc, kur un kad notiek konflikti, ir svarīgi saprast, ka visiem konfliktiem ir sekas. Piemēram, konflikti darbā var mainīt noskaņu un pat pazemināt produktivitāti, tāpēc šī darba mērķis ir izpētīt skaidras izteiksmes nozīmi konfliktu risināšanā darbā. Izmantojot naratīvās analīzes metodi un aptaujas anketas, tika izpētītas trīs dažādas konfliktu situācijas, lai noskaidrotu, vai konflikti ir radušies konfliktā iesaistīto cilvēku tiešo izteikumu līmeņa dēļ, kā rezultāta ir noticis pārpratums. Rezultāti atklāja, ka nevis izteikumu tiešuma līmenis nosaka konflikta rezultātu, bet gan tas, cik līdzīgi ir konflikta dalībnieku izteikumu tiešuma līmenis. Tie dalībnieki, kuri izmanto tiešo komunikācijas stilu, vislabāk sadarbosies ar tiem, kuriem ir līdzīgs līmenis, bet tie, kuriem ir netiešs saziņas stils, vislabāk sadarbosies ar tiem, kas arī dod priekšroku netiešās komunikācijas metodēm. Turklāt pētijuma rezultāti norādija, ka viena no trim konflikta situācijām notika tikai tāpēc, ka konflikta dalībniekiem bija ļoti dažādi komunikācijas tiešuma līmeņi.Conflicts are inevitable and a natural part of human interaction. When two or more people of different interests, values, beliefs meet, a conflict may occur. However, often conflicts happen just because of misunderstandings. Regardless of why, when and where conflicts happen, it is important to understand that all conflicts have consequences. For instance, conflicts at work may change the atmosphere and even affect the production process and therefore the purpose of this paper is to study the importance of direct and indirect communication as a source of conflict at work. Three different conflict situations were studied using narrative analysis and questionnaires to see whether conflicts occur because the level of indirectness of people involved in the conflict is too high. The results showed that it is not the level of indirectness itself that is important but rather how similar the level of directness of communication of the people involved in the conflict. Those participants who use a more direct communication style will best cooperate with those who have a similar level of directness, but those with indirect communication style will be best understood by those who prefer using indirect communication methods. The research findings suggest that one out of three conflict situations analyzed, occurred just because members of the conflict had very different levels of directness