Film Growth Based on an Organic Basis for Photovoltaic p-Cells

The main measured parameters characterizing the solar cell are its photocurrent and fluorescence under the influence of electromagnetic radiation of the solar spectrum – derivatives of a number of elementary processes in the cell and determining the complex mechanism of its functioning. The main issue is to determine the allowable concentration of the polymer and the acceptor, allowing to obtain a film having a desired density and at the same time, the thickness, the optimum from the point of view of the diffusion length and the probability of dissociation of the intermediate particles with the formation of free charge carriers. From a comparison of the synthesized samples micrographs it can be concluded that the polymer concentration of 12.5 g/l gives a sufficiently dense and relatively uniform film without substantial amounts of undissolved polymer

CH3NH3PBI3 IV Output Parameters Degradation Investigation

Organic photovoltaics, based on hybrid inorganic organic optoelectronic perovskites, with structure alkali- metal- halide are the newest emerging technology in the third generation development. Despite tremendous efficiency records, more than 21 %, optoelectronic perovskites’ instability prevents their commercialization and mass production. Issues with degradation are caused by various types of environmental influences. The main issues with stability and power loss in devices are linked to moisture, oxygen, temperature, and light-induced structure defects. Initial measurements are taken after long term debugging with minimal aggressive exposure to environmental conditions. In this case, preliminary degradation studies begin from measurements of light-induced effects. In this work, we will present the main trends in degradation of external characteristics during common I-V measurements, in the order of parameters which were effected the least by environmental factors. This investigation was made on fixed CH3NH3PBI3 solar cells with standard 1.5 AM testing and initial efficiencies more than 8 %

Film Growth Based on an Organic Basis for Photovoltaic p-Cells

The main measured parameters characterizing the solar cell are its photocurrent and fluorescence under the influence of electromagnetic radiation of the solar spectrum – derivatives of a number of elementary processes in the cell and determining the complex mechanism of its functioning. The main issue is to determine the allowable concentration of the polymer and the acceptor, allowing to obtain a film having a desired density and at the same time, the thickness, the optimum from the point of view of the diffusion length and the probability of dissociation of the intermediate particles with the formation of free charge carriers. From a comparison of the synthesized samples micrographs it can be concluded that the polymer concentration of 12.5 g/l gives a sufficiently dense and relatively uniform film without substantial amounts of undissolved polymer

CH3NH3PBI3 IV Output Parameters Degradation Investigation

Organic photovoltaics, based on hybrid inorganic organic optoelectronic perovskites, with structure alkali- metal- halide are the newest emerging technology in the third generation development. Despite tremendous efficiency records, more than 21 %, optoelectronic perovskites’ instability prevents their commercialization and mass production. Issues with degradation are caused by various types of environmental influences. The main issues with stability and power loss in devices are linked to moisture, oxygen, temperature, and light-induced structure defects. Initial measurements are taken after long term debugging with minimal aggressive exposure to environmental conditions. In this case, preliminary degradation studies begin from measurements of light-induced effects. In this work, we will present the main trends in degradation of external characteristics during common I-V measurements, in the order of parameters which were effected the least by environmental factors. This investigation was made on fixed CH3NH3PBI3 solar cells with standard 1.5 AM testing and initial efficiencies more than 8 %

Improvement of structure and properties of cast ferrite-pearlite steels for transport machine building

Technology for complex modification of casting from low-alloy ferrite-pearlite steels by titanium, aluminium and nitrogen was developed, which ensures increase of the lower level of yield strength in normalized (³ 380 MPa) and temper hardened (³ 450 MPa) state, the rest requirements to mechanical properties of the 20GL steel being preserved.Разработана технология комплексного модифицирования литья из низколегированных феррито-перлитных сталей титаном, алюминием и азотом, обеспечивающая повышение нижнего уровня предела текучести в нормализованном (> 380 МПа) и закаленном после отпуска (> 450 МПа) состоянии при сохранении остальных требований к механическим свойствам стали 20ГЛ

The Current-voltage Characteristics Simulation of the Betavoltaic Power Supply

In order to optimize betavoltaic power supply it was calculated the current-voltage characteristics when changing the depth of the upper p-layer and at changing doping levels structure areas. It is shown that an increase in the depth reduces the short-circuit current and thus reduces the open circuit voltage. It has been observed that the concentration of the lightly doped region more significantly influence on the current-voltage characteristics than the depth of the p-n-junction. The concentration of the n-region, equal to 1014 cm – 3, can be considered as during betavoltaic power supply design. It is shown that, by increasing the power supply activity the conversion efficiency of the structure increases, too

Optimization of Energy Conversion Efficiency Betavoltaic Element Based on Silicon

It was developed the technology of manufacturing planar betavoltaic converter based on silicon, providing a higher rate of conversion of ionizing radiation into electrical energy by reducing reverse currents. The active region of silicon p-i-n structure is 1 cm2, which is irradiated by the of radionuclide 63Ni with the activity 2,7 mCi/cm2. The results of experimental studies of C-V samples are presented. The values of the open-circuit voltage (Voc) 0.111 V are presented and short circuit current density (Jsc) 27 nA/cm2. The maximum density of output power (Pmax) was 1.52 nW/cm2

Immunomorphology of oral lichen planus

The article is devoted to immunohistochemical study of reticular and erosive forms of oral lichen planus. Morphological examination of the reticular form revealed the increased number of Langerhans cells (CD1a), mast cells (CD25) and T lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, CD16) in the oral epithelium. Activation of these cells leads to the secretion of TNF-α and destruction of basal keratinocytes, which manifests as a focal reduction of intercellular protein expression of E-cadherin. Destruction of basal keratinocytes in a reticular form of oral lichen planus is accompanied by a significant decrease in proliferative activity of the basal cell layer (21.7±10.2%) compared with normal mucosa (33.6±7.0%), p=0.0045. In erosive form along with the above changes IgG and C3d complement's elements are revealed, which confirms the activation of immune complex mechanisms in the erosion area.Abstract available from the publisher

Immunomorphology of oral lichen planus

The article is devoted to immunohistochemical study of reticular and erosive forms of oral lichen planus. Morphological examination of the reticular form revealed the increased number of Langerhans cells (CD1a), mast cells (CD25) and T lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, CD16) in the oral epithelium. Activation of these cells leads to the secretion of TNF-α and destruction of basal keratinocytes, which manifests as a focal reduction of intercellular protein expression of E-cadherin. Destruction of basal keratinocytes in a reticular form of oral lichen planus is accompanied by a significant decrease in proliferative activity of the basal cell layer (21.7±10.2%) compared with normal mucosa (33.6±7.0%), p=0.0045. In erosive form along with the above changes IgG and C3d complement's elements are revealed, which confirms the activation of immune complex mechanisms in the erosion area.Abstract available from the publisher