Aspects épidémiologiques et étiologiques des affections pulmonaires d’origine parasitaire et fongique en milieu hospitalier à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Dans le souci de déterminer l’aspect épidémiologique et étiologique des affections pulmonaires d’origines parasitaire et fongique, une étude prospective transversale a été réalisée en milieu hospitalier à Ouagadougou de novembre 2012 en mai 2013, sur 103 patients suspectés avoir la maladie. Les examens parasitologiques, mycologiques et immunologiques ont été effectués selon les indications des prescripteurs, sur des prélèvements du liquide de lavage broncho-alvéolaire, du liquide pleural, des expectorations et du sang. A l’issue de ces examens, 59,2% des patients confirmés porteurs de parasites et/ou de mycètes dans leur appareil pulmonaire avec une prédominance des cultivateurs (26,2%) ont été détectés. Les hommes étaient les plus touchés avec un sex-ratio de 1,9. Parmi les antécédents médicaux, il y a eu une fréquence élevée des sujets à sérologie VIH positive. Trois parasites et 71 souches de champignons ont été isolés dont 4 types de coinfections fongiques. Ces données de bases montrent que les parasites et les champignons provoquent une pathologie pulmonaire non spécifique sur le plan clinique, radiologique et endoscopique. Le contexte épidémiologique et biologique permet d’orienter le diagnostic. La confirmation est apportée par la mise en évidence directe ou par des arguments indirects sérologiques. Ce qui permet d’obtenir une guérison par un traitement adapté au germe en cause.Mots clés : Affection pulmonaire, parasites, champignons, Burkina Faso

Cryptococcose extra-neuroméningée au cours du sida à Bamako, Mali (à propos de 2 observations)

Non-neuromeningeal cryptococcosis forms resulting from disseminated infection are rarely reported in African literature and are non-documented in Malian medical ward. We report two clinical observations. Case 1: a 26-year-old patient, carrying the HIV-1 infection, in which the clinical examination revealed skin lesions simulating molluscum contagiosum and functional impairment of the lower limbs. Radiography of the lumbar spine showed vertebral osteolysis on L4–L5. Cryptococcal research remained negative in the CSF but positive at histological examination of the skin lesions and in pathological products of lumbosacral drainage. The treatment with fluconazole and ARV led to a favorable outcome. Case 2: a 42-year-old patient, admitted for fever cough, known for his non-compliance to ARVs and in which the examination found a syndrome of pleural condensation and a painful swelling of the outer third of the right clavicle (around the acromio-clavicular joint). Paraclinical investigations concluded in osteolysis of the acromial end of the right clavicle and an image of the right lung with abundant effusion. Cryptococcal research was positive in the pleural effusion and in the product of aspiration of acromio-clavicular tumefaction, negative in CSF. It seems important to think of a cryptococcal etiology even in the absence of clinical meningeal signs in front of any cutaneous sign and any fluctuating swelling in HIV+ patient

Première observation malienne d’histoplasmose africaine disséminée à prédominance osseuse chez un enfant VIH négatif. Revue de la littérature

Endemic deep fungal infections are still under recognised diseases in daily medical practice because of their rarity in sub-Saharan area. The African histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii (H. capsulatum duboisii) is the most frequent variety described in Mali through limited studies in adult patients, since the first case described by Catanei and Kervran (1945). Our case report is a disseminated histoplasmosis in a young 6-year-old african child. He was male and rural. The infectious localisations were mucosae, skin, lymphnodes, urinary tract and bones. Evolution has been marred by an episode of worsening of symptoms despite initial clinical improvement with ketoconazole. After healing of mucocutaneous lesions, we noticed a limitation of ampliation of both wrists. The radiographic bone lesions were lysis of the right lower end of the right radius and cubitus and fragmentation of cubital epiphysis of the same arm. Lacunes were present on the fifth right finger in metatarsus and phalanx; lacune and blowing aspect of the second phalanx of the left third finger was noted. The disseminated form of African histoplasmosis may occur in HIV-negative subject. The prognosis depends on early diagnosis and administration of appropriate and well-conducted therapy

La cryptococcose neuro-méningée au Mali

Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common fatal central nervous system infection in AIDS patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this prospective study conducted from March 2003 to February 2004 in the internal medicine and infectious diseases departments of the Point G University Hospital Center was to investigate the clinical, prognostic and epidemiological profile of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in patients hospitalized for brain and meningeale infection (BMI). Diagnosis of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis (NMC) was based on positive identification of Cryptococcus by direct exam of the cebrospinal fluid (CSF) after India ink staining and/or culture on Sabouraud medium without actidione. During the study period, a total of 569 patients were hospitalized including 235 (41.3%) with HIV infection. Overall C. neoformans was identified in 14 patients. Median patient age was 39 ± 8 years. There was a male preponderance with a sex ratio of 1.8 (9 men/5 women). Patients with BMI were HIV positive in 85.7% of cases (n=12) and HIV-negative in 14.3% (n=2). The overall and HIV-specific prevalence of BMI was 2.5% and 5.1% respectively. The CD4 lymphocyte count was between 1 and 49 cells/mm3 in 64.3% of cases. The main clinical symptoms were cephalea in 85.7% of cases, altered consciousness in 50% and nausea/vomiting in 35.7%. Neurological manifestations (hemiparesis and cranial nerve deficit) were noted in 14.3%. HIV infection is the main purveyor of NMC in Mali. The actual incidence of cryptococcosis is unclear due to the poor sensitivity of diagnostic techniques. This study highlights diagnostic difficulties related to clinical polymorphism and poor technical facilities. Agglutination testing of blood and CSF is recommended, but mortality remains

Measurement Of The Nonlinear Refractive Index Of Multimode Teo2 Fiber By Using The Induced Grating Autocorrelation Technique

The electric field of a dual-line 1342 nm passively modelocked Nd:YVO4 laser was determined and used to measure the nonlinear refractive index of a 1-meter multimode TeO2 fiber using a modified induced grating autocorrelation technique. © 2012 OSA.Garcia, H., Johnson, A.M., Oguama, F.A., Trivedi, S., (2003) Opt. Lett., 28, p. 1796Oguama, F.A., Johnson, A.M., Reed, W.A., (2005) J.Opt. Soc. Am B, 22, p. 1600Garcia, H., Johnson, A.M., Oguama, F.A., Trivedi, S., (2005) Opt. Lett., 30, p. 1261Kuis, R., Johnson, A.M., Trivedi, S., (2011) Opt. Express, 19, p. 1755Poletti, F., Horak, P., (2008) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 25 (10), p. 1645Ghatak, A., Thyagarajan, K., (1998) Introduction to Fiber Optics, , Cambridge University PressWang, Q.Z., Ji, D., Yang, L., Ho, P.P., Alfano, R.R., (1989) Opt. Lett., 14, p. 578Kim, J.-K., (2005) Investigation of High -Nonlinear Glass Fibers for Potential Applications in Ultrafast Nonlinear Fiber Devices, , Ph.D thesis Virginia Tech. Ju

International conference ICAWA 2016 : extended book of abstract : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Dakar, SEN, 13-/12/2016 - 15/12/201